scholarly journals Non-destructive handheld XRF study of archaeological composite silver objects—the case study of the late Roman Seuso Treasure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Mozgai ◽  
Bernadett Bajnóczi ◽  
Zoltán May ◽  
Zsolt Mráv
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Objects ◽  
Mechanical Attachment ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Made In ◽  
Late Roman

AbstractThis study details the non-destructive chemical analysis of composite silver objects (ewers, situlas, amphora and casket) from one of the most significant late Roman finds, the Seuso Treasure. The Seuso Treasure consists of fourteen large silver vessels that were made in the fourth–early fifth centuries AD and used for dining during festive banquets and for washing and beautification. The measurements were systematically performed along a pre-designed grid at several points using handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results demonstrate that all the objects were made from high-quality silver (above 90 wt% Ag), with the exception of the base of the Geometric Ewer B. Copper was added intentionally to improve the mechanical properties of soft silver. The gold and lead content of the objects shows constant values (less than 1 wt% Au and Pb). The chemical composition as well as the Bi/Pb ratio suggests that the parts of the composite objects were manufactured from different silver ingots. The ewers were constructed in two ways: (i) the base and the body were made separately, or (ii) the ewer was raised from a single silver sheet. The composite objects were assembled using three methods: (i) mechanical attachment; (ii) low-temperature, lead-tin soft solders; or (iii) high-temperature, copper-silver hard solders. Additionally, two types of gilding were revealed by the XRF analysis, one with remnants of mercury, i.e. fire-gilding, and another type without remnants of mercury, presumably diffusion bonding.

scholarly journals Assessment of portable X-ray fluorescence analysis for the evaluation of slate procurement and exchange: a Maritime Archaic case study from Newfoundland and Labrador

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Wolff ◽  
Robert J. Speakman ◽  
William W. Fitzhugh
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Ancient Exchange ◽  
Non Destructive

Prehistoric peoples of Newfoundland and Labrador, like many northern coastal populations, produced many of their stone tools from slate; however, the procurement and movement of this material in that Province and elsewhere has gone virtually unstudied beyond generalised typologies and macroscopic evaluation. This paper provides an overview of a recent study utilising non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) technology to analyse slates used by people of the Maritime Archaic tradition <em>(ca.</em> 8000-3200 BP) in Newfoundland and Labrador. Because pXRF is non-destructive, these instruments allow archaeologists to chemically analyse artifacts directly in non-traditional laboratory environments. Through the examination of 164 slate artifacts recovered from 50 sites from throughout Newfoundland and Labrador, we were successful at identifying broad regional patterns in slate distribution, as well as identifying preferred use of particular slate varieties in the production of specific artifact classes. Although limitations exist in the use of this technology, mostly having to do with the physical nature of the source material and the appropriate scale of research, this study demonstrates its potential in identifying broad use patterns and distribution of slate in ancient exchange systems.

X-ray Advances in Support of Advanced Packaging – Today and Tomorrow

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000409-000414
Author(s):  
David Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Destructive Test ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Packaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Output ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract As advanced packaging continues to develop to support novel and emerging technologies, the need for, ideally non-destructive, test and inspection continues to be vital to ensure the quality and assurance of functionality, wherever the package may go. This is made ever more difficult as the package complexity increases, whilst the feature sizes within continue to decrease. X-ray technology has long been an important part of the non-destructive inspection protocol over the history of advanced packaging and will continue to need to play a more important part in the future. This paper will review the advances made in both 2D and 3D X-ray inspection over recent years and the new opportunities that are now starting to be available, especially in 3D, or CT, inspection, that will enable this 120-year-old technology to remain relevant to and supportive of the needs of advanced packaging. To highlight the above, a case study will be presented on the faults that 2D and CT X-ray analysis can find in LEDs during their manufacture. LEDs are a good example of the remarkable developments in packaging and technology over the last 20 years, where the use of higher powers, smaller sized features and increased reliability requirements intensify the need for higher quality, more consistent production output. Flaws cannot be accepted, especially as higher usage powers mean higher operating temperatures which, in turn, then requires very good thermal conductivity in the package to move heat away from key areas. Without good heat dissipation then heat stresses at the interfaces can cause delamination or die fractures, so reducing LED lifetimes. The presence of voids, particularly at the die to package interface, creates air gaps that reduces heat transfer efficiency. As many LEDs are potted, or encapsulated, the only non-destructive test option to check for voiding and other faults is by using 2D and CT X-ray analysis.

Mycenaean black inlaid metalware in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens: a technical examination

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Demakopoulou ◽  
E. Mangou ◽  
R. E. Jones ◽  
E. Photos-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gold Alloy ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Technical Interest ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Analysis Point

Current technical interest in the nature of the black inlaid decoration on ancient metalware has stimulated an examination of some of the well-known bronze daggers, silver vessels, and other fragments, all with inlaid decoration and dating to the 16–14th centuries BC, from Mycenae, Prosymna, Dendra, Routsi, and Pylos. Results of non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis point to great versatility in working with copper (or bronze)–gold–silver alloys. The black inlaid decoration is usually copper/bronze–gold alloy with small quantities of silver. Four of the objects were also examined by X-ray radiography.

In Vivo X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Medical Diagnosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ahlgren ◽  
T. Grönberg ◽  
S. Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Burden ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensitive Function ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Medical Interest

Occupational exposure to lead is common in many industrial applications and hence it is of considerable medical interest to control the body-burden of lead in living man. More than 90 % of the lead in the body is concentrated in bone and hence in vivo measurements of the lead in the skeleton should give the most satisfactory way for estimating the body-burden. The routine method used today for checking on lead contamination is that of measurements on blood samples. However, since the concentration of lead in the blood is a sensitive function of the actual exposure conditions, this method provides only a poor indication of the total body-burden and the integrated lead exposure.

Synchrotron X-ray Microbeam Characteristics for X-ray Fluorescence Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
A. Iida ◽  
T. Noma
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray fluorescence analysis using a synchrotron x-ray microprobe has become an indispensable technique for non-destructive micro-analysis. One of the most important parameters that characterize the x-ray microbeam system for x-ray fluorescence analysis is the beam size. For practical analysis, however, the photon flux, the energy resolution and the available energy range are also crucial. Three types of x-ray microbeam systems, including monochromatic and continuum excitation systems, were compared with reference to the sensitivity, the minimum detection limit and the applicability to various types of x-ray spectroscopic analysis.

scholarly journals Monte Finocchito and Heloros Pottery Production: New Evidence through Technological Studies and Material Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Raudino ◽  
Robert H. Tykot ◽  
Andrea Vianello
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractThis paper discusses the use of non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) to distinguish sources of variation in 8th Century BC Greek and Sicilian ceramics. The project comprises an element of my PhD study through La Trobe University, concerning Hellenic colonies established from the eighth century BC in the south of Italy, and on Sicily in particular. This specific case study looks at the relationships established between the indigenous site of Monte Finocchito and the Greek settlement of Heloros, both located in south-eastern Sicily. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the pXRF technique for detecting material variations which are not readily apparent using traditional visual analysis during fieldwork.

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