scholarly journals Combined Butyric Acid and Methane Production from Grass Silage in a Novel Green Biorefinery Concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Steinbrenner ◽  
Joachim Mueller ◽  
Hans Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Green Biorefinery

Abstract In a Green Biorefinery, grass silage can be a source for lactic acid, proteins, amino acids and fibres. Processing residues can be used for anaerobic digestion and methane production. But by changing the ensiling conditions, butyric acid fermentation can be achieved. That makes grass silage also a potential substrate for a combined butyric acid and methane production. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of butyric acid production at different ensiling conditions applied to grass and measuring the methane yield potential of solid residues after a separation step. The highest butyric acid concentration in the produced press juice was 20.1 ± 4.5 g kg−1 and was achieved by carbonated lime addition and a reduced dry matter content after 90 days at mesophilic storage conditions. This resulted in a theoretical butyric acid yield of 332 kg ha−1 a−1. For the fibrous leftover press cake, a theoretical methane production potential of 2778 m3CH4 ha−1 a−1 was reached. The results show that theoretically a combined production of butyric acid and methane can be realised in a Green Biorefinery concept. Graphic Abstract

Butyric Acid Fermentation during Ensiling of Wilted Maize Stover for Efficient Methane Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 6713-6721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Cui ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Mostafa Sobhi ◽  
Xinxin Ju ◽  
Jianbin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Butyric Acid Fermentation

Studies on the aerobic deterioration of whole-crop cereal silages

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Woolford ◽  
K. K. Bolsen ◽  
Lesley A. Peartt
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Barley Silage

SUMMARYAs a result of the treatment of made whole-crop barley silage with antimicrobial agents which are specifically inhibitory to fungi or bacteria, it was shown that the subsequent aerobic deterioration was essentially caused by yeasts. These microorganisms were instrumental in the rise in pH, the increase in temperature and the loss of dry matter observed. The filamentous fungi, like one group of bacteria (the streptomycetes), apparently had no part in the process. Bacteria, such as the lactobacilli and particularly proteolytic bacteria, may have had a role in the terminal stages of deterioration, although it was considered more likely that the yeasts again were involved.The whole-crop wheat silage employed in this work was stable in air, a factor attributed to the combined antimicrobial effects of butyric acid present and the relatively high dry-matter content.

Further studies on the fattening value of grass silage and on the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on dry-matter intake in ruminants

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Weight Gains

1. A feeding trial is described including four groups of cattle fed on silage only, two mixtures of silage and roots, and roots, straw, hay and oats.2. The live-weight gains made are recorded together with the rate of dry-matter intake.3. The efficiency of the dry matter of the diets was calculated.4. Silage fed alone produced a significantly greater rate of fattening than the other three diets.5. Cattle receiving roots in the morning and silage at night consumed 10·78% more dry matter and made greater live-weight gains than cattle fed on silage in the morning and roots at night.6. Calculation of the starch values of the roots and silage showed that these are higher when fed together than when silage is fed alone or when roots are fed with straw, hay and oats.7. An experiment is described designed to determine the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on dry-matter intake in ruminants and of sudden changes in dry-matter content on digestibility.8. Sheep receiving 19·46% dry-matter silage consumed 16·7% more dry matter and 19·8% more starch equivalent than sheep eating 15·85% dry-matter silage.9. When the dry-matter percentage of the silage fell from 19·46 to 15·77 the digestibility of the dry matter fell by over 10%.10. The starch equivalent of the silage when fed alone was determined from the results of a digestibility trial and according to the performance of the cattle in the feeding trial. The values found were 65·88 and 66·15% respectively.11. The losses suffered in silage-making in twentyfive silos are recorded and discussed. The loss of dry matter and crude protein both average approximately 40% of that ensiled. The need for finding methods of reducing these losses is again stressed.

scholarly journals Performance of modern and old, European and national potato cultivars in different environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlandiney Eschemback ◽  
Jackson Kawakami ◽  
Paulo Eduardo de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Commercial Yield

Abstract Little information on the comparative yield of the main potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) used in Brazil is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of modern and old, European and Brazilian potato cultivars in different environments. Two experiments were carried in the field in 2013, in Brazil: in Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná, from January to April; and in Brasília, the Federal District, from August to November. Treatments consisted of six cultivars (origin, year of release): Bintje (European, 1910), Monalisa (European, 1982) and Agata (European, 1990); Baronesa (Brazilian, 1955), Catucha (Brazilian, 1995) and BRS Clara (Brazilian, 2010), arranged in complete blocks at random, with four replications, in both areas. Growth cycle, total and commercial yield (number of tubers and mass), tuber average weight and tuber dry matter content were evaluated. We observed significant differences in yield among cultivars, both in Guarapuava and in Brasilia. We also observed that increases in yield in Brazil are possible, the modern cultivars having higher yield potential than old cultivars. No significant differences in yield were detected between European and Brazilian cultivars, in none of the growing zones. We suggest that the use of imported cultivars by Brazilian potato growers is related to factors not associated to yield.

Specific gravity of tubers in relation to productivity of some sweet potato genotypes

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-476
Author(s):  
P. K. Ray ◽  
S. Mishra ◽  
S. S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
College Of Agriculture

In the recent past, specific gravity of tubers has been considered an easy means of estimating yield potential of sweet potato cultivars (Bryant, 1979) and their quality characters like starch value and dry-matter content (Ishikawa & Sakai, 1973). Bryant (1979) separated sweet potato tubers with low and high specific gravity at planting time by determining whether or not they floated in water, and observed that the floaters gave 20% higher yield than the sinkers. As this simple test claimed to hold promise for selecting higher-yielding sweet potato genotypes, it was decided to scan its usefulness at the College of Agriculture, Dholi, where a large collection of sweet potato germ plasm is being maintained for research needs.

The growth of young cattle fed on dried grass alone and with barley 2. Effects on digestion

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Poutiainen ◽  
C. R. Lonsdale ◽  
G. E. Outen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARY1. Young cattle were fed on four types of wafer containing chopped or coarsely-milled dried grass, with or without 50% of barley.2. At slaughter, the alimentary tract of each animal was removed and the contents of each part were weighed and sampled to determine the extent and site of digestion. Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker.3. The form in which the grass was processed had no effect on any of the parameters measured.4. The dry-matter content of the digesta in all parts of the alimentary tract was significantly higher when barley was included in the wafers. The inclusion of barley decreased the proportion of acetic acid and increased the proportion of butyric acid in the rumen liquor. The proportions of propionic and valeric acids were unaffected. Barley also appeared to reduce the proportion of digestible dry matter which disappeared in the forestomachs (31·44%) compared with that when grass was given alone (42·59%).5. With grass alone about 70% of the apparently digestible cellulose disappeared from the forestomachs, but the technique used did not allow a good estimation of these proportions when mixed diets were given. The retention time of dry matter in the forestomachs was not affected by the diet but the inclusion of barley in the wafers increased the retention time of cellulose in the forestomachs.6. Of 1·6·1·9 kg of starch ingested in mixed diets, 92-96% was apparently digested in the forestomachs, and only 80-130 g per day escaped rumen fermentation. The intake of starch on diets of grass alone was negligible and almost all the soluble sugars were digested in the forestomachs.7. More N was recovered at the omasum than was ingested, but the different diets had no effect on the site of digestion of N.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Organically Grown Compared to Conventionally Grown Potato and the Processed Products: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6289
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Soum Sanogo ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
Samuel Allen ◽  
Aminou Saibou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Processed Products

Interest in organic foods is increasing at a moment when humanity is facing a range of health challenges including the concern that some conventionally produced foods may pose possible adverse effects on human and livestock health. With the increasing human population, intensive production is increasingly trending towards high-input systems that aim to close yield gaps, increase crop yields, and develop new crop varieties with higher yield potential and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, all within the context of incorporating specific traits to satisfy consumer demand. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most consumed foods under different cultural diets; however, its production faces some challenges related to soilborne diseases, marketable yield and quality, sugars and dry matter content of the produced tubers, tuber content in terms of nitrate, minerals, vitamins, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants, and consumer appreciation regarding the sensory characteristics of tubers and processed products. Different studies have been investigating some of these challenges, with sometimes straightforward and sometimes conflicting results. This variability in research results indicates the general non-transferability of the results from one location to another under the same management practices in addition to differences in plant material. This review compares some characteristics of raw or boiled potato and processed products from potato tubers grown organically and conventionally. Ideally, such information may be of benefit in decision making by consumers in their dietary choices, by potato growers in their selection of crop management practices, and by scientists looking at potential areas for future research on potatoes.

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