scholarly journals Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Police Officers

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld Hoeve ◽  
Esther I. de Bruin ◽  
Floor van Rooij ◽  
Susan M. Bögels
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Mindful Awareness ◽  
Acting With Awareness

Abstract Objectives Although the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention for various populations is well-documented, research examining these effects for police officers is limited. This study aimed to increase knowledge on (1) the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in police officers and (2) potential mechanisms of change by relating changes in facets of mindful awareness to changes in stress. Methods In the present study, we investigated the effects of a 6-session group-based mindfulness-based intervention in police officers (n = 82) on self-report measures, using a quasi-experimental design consisting of a within-group 6-week baseline period; pre-test, 6-week intervention; and post-test, 6-week follow-up. Multilevel analyses were used to test intervention effects. Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed whether changes in facets of mindfulness were associated with changes in various types of stress. Results After the intervention, police officers significantly and substantially improved on stress (primary outcome), facets of mindful awareness (explanatory variables), and related secondary outcomes including somatic complaints, sleep disturbances, positive affect, happiness, and work ability, while in baseline period, outcome measures did not change. Effects remained significant or improved further during the follow-up period. Further, we found that increases in particularly the facets of mindful awareness of acting with awareness and non-judging were associated with reductions in stress. Conclusions Mindfulness-based intervention appears beneficial for police officers. Further, increases in both attention and acceptance skills such as acting with awareness and non-judging seem to be most important in explaining reductions of stress in police officers.

The role of job stress and burnout on health-related problems in the Trinidad and Tobago police service

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunin Baek ◽  
Na-Yeun Choi ◽  
Randy Seepersad
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stress And Health

PurposeThe police in Trinidad experience extremely stressful job conditions (e.g., elevated rates of violent crime, the rapid spread of organized crime, financial constraints, and staff shortages) which could lead to health-related problems. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between job stress and health-related problems and to determine whether burnout mediates this relationship. Data from police officers in Trinidad was used to test these relationships.Design/methodology/approachUsing self-report questionnaires from all eight police station districts in Trinidad (N = 331 police officers), this study conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationship between job stress, burnout and health-related problems.FindingsThe results indicated that officers' job stress increased their burnout and health-related problems. As the authors expected, officers' burnout, served as a mediating variable between job stress and health-related problems. In other words, job-related stress can lead to burnout, which in turn, leads to health-related problems.Research limitations/implicationsDespite meaningful findings, a few limitations (e.g., measurement issues and missing values) were present in this study.Originality/valuePolicing studies have paid less attention to Caribbean policing. Findings in this study have implications for addressing officers' health-related problems.

scholarly journals Mindfulness training reduces PTSD symptoms and other stress-related health outcomes in police officers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W Grupe ◽  
Chad McGehee ◽  
Chris Smith ◽  
Andrew Francis ◽  
Jeanette Mumford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

BACKGROUND. Police officers are exposed daily to high levels of organizational and operational stressors that have a negative impact on health and well-being outcomes. This population has elevated rates of cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicide. Although there are few empirically supported effective stress reduction interventions in police officers, recent evidence suggests that an 8-week training program in mindfulness meditation, specifically tailored for this group, has promise in reducing perceived stress and improving stress-related physical and mental health outcomes including sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, and burnout. The primary aims of the current study were to 1) demonstrate the feasibility, acceptability, and adherence of a similar mindfulness training program in a new population of police officers; 2) replicate previously demonstrated improvements in perceived stress and stress-related health outcomes, and 3) provide novel evidence of hypothesized reductions in symptoms of PTSD.METHODS. We enrolled 30 sworn law enforcement personnel from a mid-sized, Midwestern U.S. police department in an 8-week, group-based mindfulness training program. We conducted in-person assessments immediately before and after the training program, consisting of self-report measures of perceived stress, sleep quality, physical and mental health symptoms, and burnout and the assessment of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and other physical health measures. An abbreviated remote assessment at 5-month follow-up included self-report measures only.RESULTS. All 30 officers completed the 8-week program and both in-person assessments, with high rates of class attendance, substantial out-of-class practice time, and uniformly positive evaluations of the training program and instructors. Replicating previous studies, we identified post-training reductions in perceived organizational and operational stress, global sleep disturbances, anxiety, and burnout, with significant reductions in anxiety and perceived stress observed at 5-month follow-up. We also identified novel evidence for reduced PTSD hyperarousal symptoms that persisted at 5-month follow-up, and reduced re-experiencing PTSD symptoms at 5-month follow-up only. There was no evidence for changes in self-reported physical health symptoms or hs-CRP.CONCLUSIONS. Successful adaptation, delivery, and acceptance of this mindfulness-based intervention demonstrates the generalizability of mindfulness training across law enforcement populations. The replication of improved stress-related outcomes, and novel evidence for reduced PTSD symptoms, indicate important targets to be further investigated in larger, mechanistic, randomized controlled trials of mindfulness training in police officers.

Factors Affecting the Use and Consequences of Management Accounting Practices in A Transitional Economy: The Case of Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 54-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Doan Ngoc Phi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Transitional Economy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting

This study seeks to help fill an important gap in the literature by investigating factors that have facilitated the use of management accounting practices (MAPs) in Vietnam - a transitional economy. Data were collected from 220 medium-to-large enterprises. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 20 accounting heads/vice heads to obtain further information and clarification. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (including t-tests and structural equation modeling), while the qualitative data was used to shed further light on the various relationships described by the quantitative analysis. This paper reveals that both decentralization and competition have a positive, significant influence on the use of new MAPs except for the old ones. Consequently, the use of MAPs has a positive, significant influence on enterprise performance.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire—short form in cancer patients: a Bayesian structural equation modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted C. T. Fong ◽  
Adrian H. Y. Wan ◽  
Venus P. Y. Wong ◽  
Rainbow T. H. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract Background Mindfulness has emerged as an important correlate of well-being in various clinical populations. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the 20-item short form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-SF) in the Chinese context. Methods The study sample was 127 Chinese colorectal cancer patients who completed the FFMQ-SF and validated physical and mental health measures. Factorial validity of the FFMQ-SF was assessed using Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) via informative priors on cross-loadings and residual covariances. Linear regression analysis examined its convergent validity with the health measures on imputed datasets. Results The five-factor BSEM model with approximate zero cross-loadings and one residual covariance provided an adequate model fit (PPP = 0.07, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.95). Satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.77–0.85) was found in four of the five facets (except nonjudging). Acting with awareness predicted lower levels of perceived stress, negative affect, anxiety, depression, and illness symptoms (β = − 0.37 to − 0.42) and better quality of life (β = 0.29–0.32). Observing, nonjudging, and nonreacting did not show any significant associations (p > .05) with health measures. Acting with awareness was not significantly correlated (r < 0.15) with the other four facets. Conclusion The present findings provide partial support for the psychometric properties of the FFMQ-SF in colorectal cancer patients. The nonjudging facet showed questionable validity and reliability in the present sample. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate the viability of FFMQ-SF as a measure of mindfulness facets in cancer patients.

Linking Organizational Justice to Organizational Commitment Among Nigerian Police Officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110361
Author(s):  
Ivan Y. Sun ◽  
Yuning Wu ◽  
Smart E. Otu ◽  
Gilbert C. Aro ◽  
Ikechukwu Charles Akor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Organizational commitment is an imperative aspect of occupational attitudes as it signals employees’ willingness to stay with their organization and effectively achieve collective goals. Although recent studies have assessed factors influencing police officers’ organizational commitment, very little is known about the antecedents of police commitment in African countries. Based on a survey of Nigerian police officers, the study assesses the linkage between organizational justice and organizational commitment directly and indirectly through organizational trust and job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicates that the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment is principally indirect through the mediating mechanisms of supervisory trustworthiness and job satisfaction. Officers who express greater organizational justice report higher trust in their management and supervisors and, subsequently, stronger job satisfaction, leading to higher organizational commitment. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Are perceptions of grandparenthood related to family and life satisfaction? A study with emerging adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752098115
Author(s):  
Isabel Miguel ◽  
Alexandra M. Araújo ◽  
Sandra Fernandes ◽  
Luísa Carneiro ◽  
Paula Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adult Grandchildren

Given the crucial role that grandparents play in the upbringing and well-being of their grandchildren, research regarding the perceived importance of grandparents for their emerging adult grandchildren is of particular relevance. This study examined the relations between perceived grandparents’ roles and family and life satisfaction in Portuguese emerging adults. Participants (N = 387), aged 18–25, completed a structured self-report questionnaire. Findings of structural equation modeling showed that emerging adults’ perceptions of grandparental roles of counselor, enjoying the relationship, and indulgence are positively related to their family and life satisfaction. The mediation analysis showed that family satisfaction mediated the relation between perceptions of grandparents acting as counselors and the life satisfaction of emerging adult grandchildren. Implications of family relationships and grandparenting in the context of emerging adulthood are discussed.

On the Structure of Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Wedderhoff ◽  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Oliver Wedderhoff ◽  
Tanja Burgard ◽  
Michael Bošnjak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
The World ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Cross National

Abstract. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988 ) is a popular self-report questionnaire that is administered all over the world. Though originally developed to measure two independent factors, different models have been proposed in the literature. Comparisons among alternative models as well as analyses concerning their robustness in cross-national research have left an inconclusive picture. Therefore, the present study evaluates the dimensionality of the PANAS and differences between English and translated versions of the PANAS using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Correlation matrices from 57 independent samples ( N = 54,043) were pooled across subsamples. For both English and non-English samples, a correlated two-factor model including correlated uniquenesses provided the best fit. However, measurement invariance analyses indicated differences in factor loadings between subsamples. Thus, cross-national application of the PANAS might only be justified if measurement equivalence was explicitly tested for the countries at hand.

Shared leadership and team creativity: a team level mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xie ◽  
Soo Jeoung Han ◽  
Michael Beyerlein ◽  
Jiacheng Lu ◽  
Lillian Vukin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Team Creativity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Multi Level

Purpose This paper aims to conduct two studies to investigate shared leadership and team creativity (TC) in leaderless short-term project teams (STPTs). Design/methodology/approach To answer the research question, this paper used a multi-level mixed-methods design. This paper analyzed video recordings, transcripts of STPTs’ collaboration and self-report surveys from an international engineering competition. In Study 1, this paper attempted to connect relation-oriented shared leadership (ROSL) and task-oriented shared leadership (TOSL) with TC by coding video recordings. In Study 2, this paper further investigated the proposed positive relationship between shared leadership and TC by surveying a sample of 166 students in 51 teams. Findings In Study 1, this paper found that shared leadership covaries with TC following a similar behavioral pattern. In Study 2, multi-level structural equation modeling results suggested that both TOSL and ROSL are positively correlated with TC. Originality/value In this mixed-methods multi-level research, this paper found that when the team’s shared leadership increases, their TC activity becomes frequent. This paper confirmed the qualitative finding by quantitatively investigated the relationship between shared leadership and creativity at the team level.

Age-Related Effects on Interoceptive Accuracy, General Interoceptive Sensibility, and Specific Interoceptive Sensibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nusser ◽  
O. Pollatos ◽  
D. Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Subjective Belief

Abstract. Background: The current research into interoception distinguishes between interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), the accurate detection of internal sensations (e.g., heartbeats) as measured by performance on objective IAcc tasks, and interoceptive sensibility (IS), the subjective belief concerning one’s own experience of internal sensations as measured either through self-report questionnaires or through one’s confidence in the accuracy during an IAcc task. Aims: As the two measures of IS, however, are usually uncorrelated and show differential relationships to IAcc, we suggest different types of IS, a general IS and a specific IS. Further, based on a growing body of research linking IAcc and IS to physical and mental diseases, the development of interoception across the adult lifespan is of importance. Methods: Using Structural Equation Modeling the present paper investigates the relationships among IAcc assessed by a heartbeat counting task, and the two proposed dimensions of IS in 138 participants ( Mage = 42.67, SDage = 18.77). Furthermore, we examine age-related differences in IAcc, as well as in general and specific IS. Results: In terms of the relationship between the three dimensions, general and specific IS were weakly correlated and exhibited different relationships to IAcc. Further, we found different age effects on the three interoceptive dimensions. Whereas IAcc decreased with age, specific IS tend to increase with age, and general IS remained unaffected by age. Conclusion: The findings provide further empirical support for a dissociation between general and specific IS and raised important questions concerning the relation between interoceptive accuracy and the emergence of physical diseases in older age.

Data-based ethical decision making, lateral relations, and organizational commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 946-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Robert Valentine ◽  
David Hollingworth ◽  
Patrick Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Focusing on ethical issues when making organizational decisions should encourage a variety of positive outcomes for companies and their employees. The purpose of this paper is to determine the degree to which data-based ethical decision making, lateral relations and organizational commitment are interrelated in organizations. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from business professionals employed at multiple locations of a financial services firm operating in the USA. Mediation analysis (based on structural equation modeling) was used to test the proposed relationships. Findings Results indicated that employees’ perceptions of data-based ethical decision making were positively related to perceived lateral relations, and that perceived lateral relations were positively related to organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications Given that information was collected using only a self-report questionnaire, common method bias could be an issue. In addition, the study’s cross-sectional design limits conclusions about causality. Another limitation involves the study’s homogenous sample, which decreases the generalizability of the findings. Finally, variable responses could have been impacted by individual frames of reference and other perceptual differences. Practical implications Results suggest that information flow enhancements should support or be consistent with horizontal information flow enhancements, and that together these factors should increase employee commitment. Originality/value Given the dearth of existing research, this interdisciplinary investigation is important because it fills gaps in the management literature. This study is also important because the results could inform decisions regarding the use of data analysis in ethical decisions and lateral forms of organizational structuring to improve work attitudes.

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