Stroke Induces Prolonged Changes in Lipid Metabolism, the Liver and Body Composition in Mice

AbstractDuring recovery, stroke patients are at risk of developing long-term complications that impact quality of life, including changes in body weight and composition, depression and anxiety, as well as an increased risk of subsequent vascular events. The aetiologies and time-course of these post-stroke complications have not been extensively studied and are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed long-term changes in body composition, metabolic markers and behaviour after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. These outcomes were also studied in the context of obesity, a common stroke co-morbidity proposed to protect against post-stroke weight loss in patients. We found that stroke induced long-term changes in body composition, characterised by a sustained loss of fat mass with a recovery of lean weight loss. These global changes in response to stroke were accompanied by an altered lipid profile (increased plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides) and increased adipokine release at 60 days. After stroke, the liver also showed histological changes indicative of liver damage and a decrease in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed. Stroke induced depression and anxiety-like behaviours in mice, illustrated by deficits in exploration, nest building and burrowing behaviours. When initial infarct volumes were matched between mice with and without comorbid obesity, these outcomes were not drastically altered. Overall, we found that stroke induced long-term changes in depressive/anxiety-like behaviours, and changes in plasma lipids, adipokines and the liver that may impact negatively on future vascular health.

Download Full-text

Does the Method of Weight Loss Effect Long-Term Changes in Weight, Body Composition or Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0109849 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e109849 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Richard A. Washburn ◽

Amanda N. Szabo ◽

Kate Lambourne ◽

Erik A. Willis ◽

Lauren T. Ptomey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Loss Effect

Download Full-text

Long-term changes in energy expenditure and body composition after massive weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/78.1.22 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 22-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

Sai Krupa Das ◽

Susan B Roberts ◽

Megan A McCrory ◽

LK George Hsu ◽

Scott A Shikora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Bypass Surgery ◽

Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽

Massive Weight Loss ◽

Long Term Changes

Download Full-text

A Moderate-Protein Diet Produces Sustained Weight Loss and Long-Term Changes in Body Composition and Blood Lipids in Obese Adults

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3945/jn.108.099440 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 514-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Donald K. Layman ◽

Ellen M. Evans ◽

Donna Erickson ◽

Jennifer Seyler ◽

Judy Weber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Sustained Weight Loss ◽

Long Term Changes

Download Full-text

Abstract P235: Genetic Variants in TCF7L2 Modulate Dietary Fat Intake on Changes in Body Composition During a Weight-Loss Intervention

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Josiemer Mattei ◽

Qibin Qi ◽

Frank B Hu ◽

Frank M Sacks ◽

Lu Qi

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Weight Loss Intervention ◽

Low Fat ◽

Baseline Measure ◽

Insulin Metabolism ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Polymorphisms mapping to TCF7L2 have been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose and insulin metabolism, and adiposity. Recent observational studies and short-term randomized trials suggest dietary factors, especially fat, may modify TCF7L2 genotype in relation to weight loss. The effect has yet to be verified in long-term intervention settings. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that two well-recognized TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modulate the response to diets of different fat content, in relation to long-term changes in anthropometry and body composition in a 2 year weight-loss intervention trial. Methods: The effect of TCF7L2 SNPs rs7903146 and rs12255372 on changes at 6 months and 2 years in body mass and body composition measures obtained from DEXA scans was evaluated in 590 overweight/obese Caucasian participants of Pounds Lost, a 2-year weight-loss randomized clinical trial of diets differing in macronutrient proportions. Adjusted means were obtained for variant main effect and for interaction with assigned diet group as low-fat (20% from calories) vs. high-fat diet (40%). Results: After adjusting for age, sex, center, and baseline measure, rs12255372 TT (risk allele) carriers had significantly greater decrease at 6 months in BMI, total body fat and trunk fat mass, and marginal decrease in weight ( P for interaction= 0.042, 0.029, 0.033 and 0.056, respectively), than those without this genotype, when following a low-fat diet. A significant interaction ( P =0.035) with the randomized diet was observed for rs7903146 and change in lean mass at 6 months. No significant associations were observed at 2 years. Conclusion: In conclusion, overweight/obese individuals with the risk genotype of TCF7L2 rs12255372 may reduce their body mass and adiposity by following a diet lower in total fat.

Download Full-text

Changes of Body Weight and Body Composition in Obese Patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome at 3 and 6 Years of Follow-Up: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9113596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 3596

Author(s):

Giorgio Bedogni ◽

Graziano Grugni ◽

Sabrina Cicolini ◽

Diana Caroli ◽

Sofia Tamini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Prader Willi Syndrome

Few short-term studies of weight loss have been performed in adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) undergoing metabolic rehabilitation. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 45 adult obese PWS patients undergoing a long-term multidisciplinary metabolic rehabilitation program based on diet and physical activity. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 36 (80%) patients. The mean (95% CI) weight change was −3.6 (−7.6 to 0.4, p = 0.08) kg at 3 years and −4.6 (−8.5 to −0.8, p = 0.02) kg at 6 years, and that of BMI was −1.7 (−3.4 to 0.1, p = 0.06) kg/m2 at 3 years and −2.1 (−3.8 to −0.4, p = 0.02) kg/m2 at 6 years. A decrease of about 2% in fat mass per unit of body mass was observed, which is in line with the expectations for moderate weight loss. A possibly clinically relevant decrease in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also observed. These long-term results are important for patients with PWS, which is characterized by severe hyperphagia, behavioral disturbances, and cognitive impairment and is generally considered “resistant” to classical weight loss interventions.

Download Full-text

Unacylated ghrelin is associated with changes in body composition and body fat distribution during long-term exercise intervention

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0334 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 165 (2) ◽

pp. 243-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Henna Cederberg ◽

Ulla Rajala ◽

Vesa-Matti Koivisto ◽

Jari Jokelainen ◽

Heljä-Marja Surcel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Unacylated Ghrelin

ObjectiveGhrelin, a gut–brain peptide involved in energy homeostasis, circulates predominantly (>90%) in unacylated form. Previous studies, however, have focused on total and acylated ghrelin, and the role of unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is not well understood. Particularly, the association of UAG with weight loss and changes in body composition in adults remains unclear. We hypothesized that exercise-associated increase in UAG level is associated with weight loss, favorable changes in body composition, and body fat distribution.Design and methodsA prospective study of 552 young men (mean age 19.3 and range 19–28 years) undergoing military service with structured 6-month exercise training program. Exercise performance, body composition, and biochemical measurements were obtained at baseline and follow-up. Association between changes in UAG levels and body composition and body fat distribution were evaluated.ResultsAn increase in UAG level during the exercise intervention was associated with reduced weight, fat mass (FM), fat percentage (fat %), and waist circumference, but not with fat-free mass. Inverse associations of changes in UAG level with changes in waist circumference and fat % were independent of weight at baseline, and changes in weight and exercise performance. Associations of changes in UAG level with waist circumference were significantly stronger than with fat % after the adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionUAG is associated with changes in body weight and body composition during an intensive long-term exercise intervention in young men. The association of UAG levels with changes in central obesity was stronger than with total FM.

Download Full-text

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-15-0533 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 174 (1) ◽

pp. R19-R28 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ricard Corcelles ◽

Christopher R Daigle ◽

Philip R Schauer

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Perioperative Morbidity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Long Term Impact

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, numerous cancers and increased mortality. It is estimated that at least 2.8 million adults die each year due to obesity-related cardiovascular disease. Increasing in parallel with the global obesity problem is metabolic syndrome, which has also reached epidemic levels. Numerous studies have demonstrated that bariatric surgery is associated with significant and durable weight loss with associated improvement of obesity-related comorbidities. This review aims to summarize the effects of bariatric surgery on the components of metabolic syndrome (hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension), weight loss, perioperative morbidity and mortality, and the long-term impact on cardiovascular risk and mortality.

Download Full-text

Pre-morbid characteristics and co-morbidity of methamphetamine users with and without psychosis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291703008353 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1407-1414 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

C.-K. CHEN ◽

S.-K. LIN ◽

P. C. SHAM ◽

D. BALL ◽

E.-W. LOH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Adjustment ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Persecutory Delusions ◽

Schizotypal Personality ◽

Personality Vulnerability ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Relationship Of

Background. The long-term use of methamphetamine (MAMP) can result in psychosis but it is not clear why some individuals develop psychotic symptoms, while others use MAMP regularly over long periods and remain unscathed. We set out to characterize MAMP users and to examine the relationship of pre-morbid personality, pre-morbid social function and other psychiatric disorders to MAMP psychosis.Method. Four hundred and forty-five amphetamine users were recruited from a psychiatric hospital and a detention centre in Taipei, and were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS). Their parents were interviewed with the Premorbid Schizoid and Schizotypal Traits (PSST) and the Premorbid Social Adjustment (PSA) schedules. Pre-morbid characteristics and psychiatric co-morbidity were compared between the MAMP users with a lifetime diagnosis of MAMP psychosis and those without.Results. The MAMP users with psychosis presented a clinical picture which mimicked the positive symptoms of schizophrenia: 85% had auditory hallucinations; 71% persecutory delusions; 63% delusions of reference. Compared with their non-psychotic counterparts, these MAMP users were younger at first MAMP use, used larger amounts of MAMP, had a significantly higher mean PSST score, and higher rates of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence and antisocial personality disorder.Conclusions. Earlier and larger use of MAMP was associated with increased risk of psychosis. Our data are also compatible with the view that pre-morbid schizoid/schizotypal personality predisposes MAMP users to develop psychosis, and that the greater the personality vulnerability, the longer the psychosis will persist.

Download Full-text

The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707002668 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 1027-1036 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

J. Biederman ◽

C. R. Petty ◽

C. Dolan ◽

S. Hughes ◽

E. Mick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conduct Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Survival Function ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundA better understanding of the long-term scope and impact of the co-morbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) youth has important clinical and public health implications.MethodSubjects were assessed blindly at baseline (mean age=10.7 years), 1-year (mean age=11.9 years), 4-year (mean age=14.7 years) and 10-year follow-up (mean age=21.7 years). The subjects' lifetime diagnostic status of ADHD, ODD and CD by the 4-year follow-up were used to define four groups (Controls, ADHD, ADHD plus ODD, and ADHD plus ODD and CD). Diagnostic outcomes at the 10-year follow-up were considered positive if full criteria were met any time after the 4-year assessment (interval diagnosis). Outcomes were examined using a Kaplan–Meier survival function (persistence of ODD), logistic regression (for binary outcomes) and negative binomial regression (for count outcomes) controlling for age.ResultsODD persisted in a substantial minority of subjects at the 10-year follow-up. Independent of co-morbid CD, ODD was associated with major depression in the interval between the 4-year and the 10-year follow-up. Although ODD significantly increased the risk for CD and antisocial personality disorder, CD conferred a much larger risk for these outcomes. Furthermore, only CD was associated with significantly increased risk for psychoactive substance use disorders, smoking, and bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings support and extend previously reported findings from this sample at the 4-year follow-up indicating that ODD and CD follow a divergent course. They also support previous findings that ODD heralds a compromised outcome for ADHD youth grown up independently of the co-morbidity with CD.

Download Full-text