Increasing LPG production by adding volatile hydrocarbons to reduce import gap in Egypt

Abstract Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) becomes popular in the twentieth century as source of energy, since it is economically feasible to be produced, transported, sold and stored as a liquid fuel. LPG in Egypt is considered one of the most important domestic fuels. Egypt imports half of its LPG fuel demand. Many researches have been developed to increase the production of LPG in Egypt by increasing the productivity of the refineries. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of adding other relatively volatile hydrocarbons as ethane, n-pentane and pentanes’ isomers (iso-pentane and neo-pentane) and/or utilizing relatively volatile oxi-hydrocarbons [mainly dimethyl ether (DME) or dimethyl propane (DMP)] to increase LPG production without affecting its specifications, in order to reduce the import gap of LPG in Egypt. The new LPG mixture is adjusted to meet the Egyptian specifications of LPG (2020). Due to ethane critical properties, it is recommended not to add ethane to LPG since the behavior of ethane cannot be predicted at 50 °C and will be separated inside the LPG bottle. In addition, it will necessitate the increase in LPG butane content. In summer, it is recommended to add i-C5 or 2,2DMP or a mixture of both to LPG (depending on the cost). In winter, it is recommended to add 2,2DMP or a mixture of 2,2DMP with i-C5 to LPG (depending on the cost). Adding DME to LPG with any percentage will decrease the heating value below the Egyptian heating value specifications (2020). Adding neo-pentane to LPG is more preferable than DME, since the heating value of neo-pentane is higher than that of DME. Also, the production cost of the neo-pentane is lower than that of DME.

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Competitiveness Of Advanced Technologies For Production Of Electricity And Alternative Liquid Fuels

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186902008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 02008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elina Tyurina ◽

Aleksandr Mednikov ◽

Svetlana Sushko

Keyword(s):

Electric Power ◽

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Liquid Fuel ◽

Motor Fuel ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Capital Investments ◽

Fuel Price ◽

Synthetic Liquid Fuel ◽

Methanol Production ◽

The Cost

Technical and economic aspects of synthetic liquid fuel and electric power combined production within one energy-technology installation (ETI) are considered. The range of prices for alternative liquid fuel (ALF) produced by the installations, depending on the cost of consumed fuel, price of supplied electric power and level of capital investments, has been ascertained. The studies made suggest the conclusion that combined production of dimethyl ether is more efficient from the energy and economic viewpoints than methanol production. Besides, a certain level of oil prices was identified, its excess implying that production of ALF, i.e. dimethyl ether, will be more economically efficient than production of motor fuel from oil.

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IMPLEMENTASI JOB ORDER COSTING METHOD DALAM PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI MAP

eBA Journal: Journal Economics, Bussines and Accounting ◽

10.32492/eba.v4i2.613 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 43-55

Author(s):

Ika Yulianti ◽

Endah Masrunik ◽

Anam Miftakhul Huda ◽

Diana Elvianita

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Production Cost ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Cost Data ◽

Method Calculation ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Right ◽

The Cost

This study aims to find a comparison of the calculation of the cost of goods manufactured in the CV. Mitra Setia Blitar uses the company's method and uses the Job Order Costing (JOC) method. The method used in this study is quantitative. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data is in the form of map production cost data while qualitative data is in the form of information about map production process. The result of calculating the cost of production of the map between the two methods results in a difference of Rp. 306. Calculation using the company method is more expensive than using the Job Order Costing method. Calculation of cost of goods manufactured using the company method is Rp. 2,205,000, - or Rp. 2,205, - each unit. While using the Job Order Costing (JOC) method is Rp. 1,899,000, - or Rp 1,899, - each unit. So that the right method used in calculating the cost of production is the Job Order Costing (JOC) method

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Paper fillers innovations: From design of particles to preparing filler composites

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.2.2117-2118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 2117-2118

Author(s):

Shunxi Song ◽

Zeshi Wu ◽

Jingyi Nie

Keyword(s):

Filler Content ◽

Production Costs ◽

Critical Properties ◽

Single Particles ◽

Paper Mills ◽

Market Competitiveness ◽

Academic Researchers ◽

The Cost ◽

Natural Fillers

The increase of filler content in paper is an effective way to reduce production costs and to promote the market competitiveness of paper mills. A shift from natural fillers to synthetic fillers has enabled improvements in the critical properties of paper. Meanwhile, innovations from single particles of filler to filler composites has made it possible to increase the filler content of paper. Among various filler innovations, the design of fiber/filler composites has aroused general attention from industry and academic researchers. However, concerns related to the cost and recyclability of composite fillers remain to be addressed.

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ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Leftist Newspapers and Periodicals

The Charleston Advisor ◽

10.5260/chara.23.2.34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

Thomas J. Beck

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Price Information ◽

Social Democrats ◽

Search Function ◽

Advanced Search ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Cost ◽

Pdf Format ◽

Database Content ◽

Insight Into

ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Leftist Newspapers and Periodicals is a source for leftist publications (mostly newspapers), largely published in the twentieth century. Here, the user can access articles in PDF format from 156 national and international publications. Navigating this database and the documents therein can be easily done, but articles cannot be magnified or reduced, which may prove problematic with PDFs of old newspapers. Database content can be found through browsing or by using a basic and/or advanced search. The browse and basic search options here are understandable, but the advanced search is not self-explanatory and can possibly confuse the user. As a consequence, a new user of this database will probably benefit from instruction in its use from either the vendor or someone else familiar with this resource. However, when this search function is used properly it can produce numerous, on-point results for any query. The same is true of the basic search and browsing features, though they tend to produce larger lists of results that are less on-point than the advanced search. The vendor did not provide specific price information for this review, only indicating that pricing is determined by an institution's size and number of users. As this provides potential subscribers with very little insight into the cost of acquiring this resource, its advised that they contact ProQuest for a price quote tailored to their own institution. Its licensing agreement is the same as those used for all ProQuest databases and is average in its composition (though somewhat longer than average). The quality and quantity of content in this resource is notable, and it will certainly be of use to those looking for articles from leftist newspapers and periodicals. However, the definition of “leftist” here may be problematic for some users! Communist and Socialist publications are certainly available in this database, but those for Anarchists, Social Democrats, and other leftists are not.

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Aplikasi Metode Simpleks Pada Optimalisasi Biaya Bahan Baku (Studi Kasus: Ukm Najmah Klappertart)

JURNAL ILMIAH MATEMATIKA DAN TERAPAN ◽

10.22487/2540766x.2020.v17.i2.15334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 129-140

Author(s):

D Damayanti ◽

A I Jaya ◽

Resnawati

Keyword(s):

Simplex Method ◽

Production Cost ◽

Production Costs ◽

Optimal Production ◽

Total Cost ◽

Optimal Cost ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Cost

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to obtain an the optimal production costs of Klappertart based on the basic ingredients comparing the production cost of Klappertart in Najmah Klappertart with production costs using the simplex method. The result showed that the optimal costs is ,-. This result is equal to the total cost of klappertart by SMEs Najmah Klappertart, so it can be concluded that the cost of production klappertart based on the basic ingredients on SMEs Najmah Klappertart were optimal. Keywords : Optimal Cost, Basic Ingredients, Production Costs. (A-Z), Simplex Method

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Analisis Penentuan Beban Pokok Produksi Pada Usaha Tempe Sumber Mas Jember

e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi ◽

10.19184/ejeba.v5i2.8648 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Luqman Arif Baihaqi ◽

Imam Mas'ud ◽

Yosefa Sayekti

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Production Process ◽

Production Cost ◽

Cost Control ◽

Total Production ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Cost ◽

Business Cost

This study aims to find out the system of business cost control of Tempe Sumber Mas. A Controling based difference between the calculation of the cost of production with cost of production of tempe using full costing. and This research uses Descriptive by Source and Technique Triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the cost control system used by the company is still simple and the calculation of the cost of production of tempe using full costing method is greater than calculate the total production cost used in the tempe production process. Keywords: Expense, Cost of Production, Full Costing, Cost Control

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110 Managing Feed Efficiency to Improve Dairy Farm Margin

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 20-20

Author(s):

Micheal J Brouk

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Production Cost ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Animal Reproduction ◽

High Feed ◽

Efficiency Factors ◽

Feed Costs ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

Made In

Abstract Dairy farm margin has continued to be a challenge for the dairy industry. Several years of challenging milk prices with limited relief from high feed costs and increasing production cost have continued to erode the net margin of US dairy farms. As dairy producers continue to operate in a challenging economic environment, discoveries are being made in various farm efficiencies to improve farm margin. Increased management intensity on all aspects of the dairy farm is resulting in the discover of and improvement of many individual efficiency factors. Key areas of economic efficiency include feed, animal reproduction, replacement animals, labor and resource allocation. Often the answer to improved efficiency involves more than just reduced production cost, but also in the improvement of production to reduce the cost per unit of milk produced. Identifying and focusing on the important factors that can improve overall farm efficiency will enable producers to weather the economic challenges. For dairy producers, one of the complications is the biology of the dairy cow and understanding how to utilize the biology correctly for improved efficiency of milk production. Improved efficiency of milk production requires attention to details in many areas of the dairy. Identifying the correct areas of deficiencies, establishing corrective plans of action and then careful evaluation of the impact of changes are all key to the overall success of improving dairy farm margins and efficiencies.

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Financial stability management as a determinant of competitive development of agrarian formations

Economics. Finances. Law ◽

10.37634/efp.2019.12(1).3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

Nadiia HRYSHCHUK

Keyword(s):

Financial Stability ◽

Production Cost ◽

New Technology ◽

Fixed Costs ◽

Qualitative Characteristic ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

Labor Resources ◽

The Cost

The article investigates financial stability as a qualitative characteristic of functioning of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions, the analysis of indicators of financial stability of the enterprise and determination of its type, as well as the effectiveness of forecasting the financial stability of agricultural enterprises. A number of measures is proposed, which is to reduce the cost of production (cost-saving strategy), which will allow agribusinesses to increase competitiveness in the market due to the introduction of new technology, technologies, more rational the use of both material and labor resources, reducing the proportion of fixed costs in the cost of production, in proportion to the increase in profits and competitive development of agricultural enterprises. The basic condition for ensuring the financial stability of the company is the formation of sufficient amounts of funds that enable them to fully fulfill their obligations to the budget, pay employees, creditors, suppliers.

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CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION COST IN UD. USAHA BARU WITH FULL COSTING METHOD

Journal of Academic Research and Sciences (JARES) ◽

10.35457/jares.v4i1.688 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 28-42

Author(s):

Suprianto Suprianto ◽

Bina Andari ◽

Yely Sulistyawati

Keyword(s):

Production Cost ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Material Costs ◽

Other Information ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

The Cost

This study aims to evaluate the calculation of cost of production. The accuracy of the calculation of cost of production is influenced by the suitability in the accumulation and calculation of production costs which includes the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs and other costs (factory overhead costs). This research was conducted at UKM UD. Usaha Baru which aims to determine the calculation of cost of production at UD. Usaha Baru and to find out whether the calculation of cost of production is in accordance with the full costing method. The technique (method) of data analysis used in this study is quantitative analysis. Data collection techniques use interview techniques directly to obtain information from the number of units of monthly production, raw material costs, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs, as well as other information relating to the calculation of cost of production. Based on the evaluation results for the calculation of raw material costs and labor costs are in accordance with the full costing method. However, the calculation of factory overhead costs is not in accordance with the full costing method because there are costs that have not been included in the calculation of production costs.

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