scholarly journals Geochemical characteristics and genetic families of crude oil in DWQ oilfield, Kuqa Depression, NW China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ji ◽  
Guanghui Huang ◽  
Wenjie Xiao ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpene ◽  
Kuqa Depression ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tricyclic Terpanes

AbstractAs one of the most petroliferous oil producing area in Kuqa depression, Dawanqi (DWQ) oilfield is supplying with great attention. In this regard, the geochemical characteristics and oil families from DWQ field were investigated using molecular compounds analysis of GC, GC–MS techniques. The bulk geochemistry of oils from DWQ oilfield displays complicated molecular composition characteristics, including relative higher indices of Pr/Ph (1.4 ~ 4.26, with an average of 2.4), high concentration of light hydrocarbons and certain abundant pentacyclic triterpene and steranes. The C7 light hydrocarbon and isoprenoids ratios indicate the oils were derived from terrestrial and higher plant input in weak oxidizing and reducing environment. Most of the oils are among the mature oils in the study area, except a few samples that are identified as slightly biodegraded by C7 hydrocarbon. Three oil families are identified in DWQ oilfield of Kuqa depression by biomarker analysis and geochemical parameters. The family A shares the attributes with higher amount of tricyclic terpanes, such as C19- C20 tricyclic terpane, higher C24-tercyclic terpane, lower concentration of gammacerane (< 0.6) but poor diasteranes. Family C is characterized with lower content of C19-tricyclic terpane than C20 tricyclic terpane, low C24-tercyclic terpane than C23-tricycli terpane, relative high concentration of gammacerane (> 0.6) but poor diasteranes. The oils of family B are mixed from the two types, showing mixed features of family A and C. The results can shed light for the exploration of the studied area.

Significance of Mineralogical and Lithologic-Petrographical Rank in the Ranking of Geological Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
O.V. CHEPIZHKO ◽  
V.V. YANKO ◽  
V.M. KADURIN ◽  
I.M. NAUMKO ◽  
S.M. SHATALIN
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Geological Information

For the first time the importance of mineralogical and lithological-petrographical ranks in the line of geological information ranks is substantiated for implementation of long-term forecasts, standard and non-standard approaches to research of physical and geochemical parameters as a basis of creation of complex system of forecast criteria and prospecting indicators of hydrocarbons within the sedimentary cover of Black sea based on the theory of global fluid-flows derivation. These criteria have different sensitivity to the object (hydrocarbon deposits) and are therefore ranked. The ranking determined the following parameters: 1) seismic data within the object, obtained by the method of deep seismic sounding, RWM SDP; 2) parameters of tectono-geodynamic structures; 3) the main characteristics of sedimentary cover and bedrock; 4) geochemical characteristics; 5) parameters of mineral complexes and fluid inclusions in mineral neoformations; 6) the value of the distribution of meiobenthos. Based on modern views of oil and gas geology, structural-tectonic and lithological-facies criteria are among the main ones. The study of the mineralogical component of sediments is made with using mineralogical, thermobarogeochemical and X-ray spectral methods. Fixation of anomalies of fluid flow at the bottom of the Black Sea as to the distribution of abiotic parameters in order to assess the prospects of oil and gas is determined by structural and tectonic features and high permeability of fluid flow; parameters of mineral complexes (minerals, facies) and genetic connections; heterogeneity of geochemical characteristics of bottom sediments; the presence of hydrocarbon inclusions in authigenic minerals of bottom sediments.

Chemistry of oxylipin pathways in marine diatoms

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Fontana ◽  
Giuliana d'Ippolito ◽  
Adele Cutignano ◽  
Antonio Miralto ◽  
Adrianna Ianora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Oxylipins are important signal transduction molecules widely distributed in animals and plants where they regulate a variety of events associated with physiological and pathological processes. The family embraces several different metabolites that share a common origin from the oxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biological role of these compounds has been especially studied in mammalians and higher plants, although a varied and very high concentration of these products has also been reported from marine macroalgae. This article gives a summary of our results concerning the oxylipin chemistry of marine diatoms, a major class of planktonic microalgae that discourage predation from their natural grazers, zooplanktonic copepods, using chemical warfare. These apparently harmless microscopic cells produce a plethora of oxylipins, including short-chain unsaturated aldehydes, hydroxyl-, keto-, and epoxyhydroxy fatty acid derivatives, that induce reproductive failure in copepods through abortions, congenital malformations, and reduced larval growth. The biochemical process involved in the production of these compounds shows a simple regulation based on decompartmentation and mixing of preexisting enzymes and requires hydrolysis of chloroplast-derived glycolipids to feed the downstream activities of C16 and C20 lipoxygenases.

Isolation of polypeptides with microtubule-translocating activity from phragmoplasts of tobacco BY-2 cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Asada ◽  
H. Shibaoka
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Gtpase Activity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Brain Tubulin

As part of our efforts to understand the molecular basis of the microtubule-associated motility that is involved in cytokinesis in higher plant cells, an attempt was made to identify proteins with the ability to translocate microtubules in an extract from isolated phragmoplasts. Homogenization of isolated phragmoplasts in a solution that contained MgATP, MgGTP and a high concentration of NaCl resulted in the release from phragmoplasts of factors with ATPase and GTPase activity that were stimulated by microtubules. A protein fraction with microtubule-dependent ATPase and GTPase activity caused minus-end-headed gliding of microtubules in the presence of ATP or GTP. Polypeptides with microtubule-translocating activity cosedimented with microtubules that had been assembled in vitro from brain tubulin and were dissociated from sedimented microtubules by addition of ATP or GTP. After cosedimentation and dissociation procedures, a 125 kDa polypeptide and a 120 kDa polypeptide were recovered in a fraction that supported minus-end-headed gliding of microtubules. The rate of microtubule gliding that was caused by the fraction that contained the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides as main components was 1.28 microns/minute in the presence of ATP and 0.50 microns/minute in the presence of GTP. This fraction contained some microtubule-associated polypeptides in addition to the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides, but a fraction that contained only these additional polypeptides did not cause any translocation of microtubules. Thus, it appeared that the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides were responsible for translocation of microtubules. These polypeptides with plus-end-directed motor activity may play an important role in formation of the cell plate and in the organization of the phragmoplast.

scholarly journals Morphology of lateral line canals in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from Negro River, Brazilian Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Shibuya ◽  
Jansen Zuanon ◽  
Maria Lúcia G. de Araújo ◽  
Sho Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Negro River ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Posterior Lateral Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the distribution of the lateral line canals and their functionality has not been well examined in elasmobranchs, especially among Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The spatial distribution of the canals and their tubules and the quantification of the neuromasts were analyzed in preserved specimens of Potamotrygon motoro, P. orbignyi, Potamotrygon sp. "cururu", and Paratrygon aiereba from the middle Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil. The hyomandibular, infraorbital, posterior lateral line, mandibular, nasal and supraorbital canals were characterized and their pores and neuromasts quantified. The ventral canals are known to facilitate the accurate localization of prey items under the body, and our results indicate that the dorsal canals may be employed in identifying the presence of predators or potential prey positioned above the stingray's body. The presence of non-pored canals in the ventral region may be compensated by the high concentration of neuromasts found in the same area, which possibly allow the accurate detection of mechanical stimuli. The concentration of non-pored canals near the mouth indicates their importance in locating and capturing prey buried in the bottom substrate, possibly aided by the presence of vesicles of Savi.

A new haplolepid fauna (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii) from the Lower Coal Measures of Scotland: Westphalian A; Langsettian, Carbonicola communis chronozone (Bashkirian)

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Position ◽  
New Material ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Dermal Bones ◽  
Brackish Environment

ABSTRACTSeven new species and one new genus of the family Haplolepidae (Actinopterygii: Palaeonisciformes) are described from new material obtained from the Drumgray coal shales, North Lanarkshire: Westphalian A (Bashkirian): Protohaplolepis isabellae; Protohaplolepis limnades; Protohaplolepis traquairi; Parahaplolepis alexandrae; Parahaplolepis elenae; Pyritocephalus youngii and Millerolepis eleionomae. The discovery of these new taxa increases the number of haplolepid species found in Europe to 16, thus producing a faunal count more than comparable to that of North America. This high concentration of haplolepid remains in limnic deposits is also a strong indication that these fish were not only adapted to a coastal paralic basin, but also well-adapted to a freshwater brackish environment. A comprehensive description of the skull roof morphology, including a short description of some of the larger dermal bones, is given of seven new haplolepid species obtained from the coal shale tips at Wester Bracco and Shotts in North Lanarkshire. In consequence, a revised table of the stratigraphical distribution of the Haplolepidae in Europe is provided. Furthermore, the new genus Millerolepis is assigned to the subfamily Parahaplolepinae and the generic position of the problematic Haplolepis attheyi from Newsham, Northumberland is discussed, with the taxonomic position of Protohaplolepis proposed.

scholarly journals Organic-matter quality of deep permafrost carbon – a study from Arctic Siberia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2227-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Strauss ◽  
L. Schirrmeister ◽  
K. Mangelsdorf ◽  
L. Eichhorn ◽  
S. Wetterich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Average Chain Length ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Geochemical Parameters

Abstract. The organic-carbon (OC) pool accumulated in Arctic permafrost (perennially frozen ground) equals the carbon stored in the modern atmosphere. To give an idea of how Yedoma region permafrost could respond under future climatic warming, we conducted a study to quantify the organic-matter quality (here defined as the intrinsic potential to be further transformed, decomposed, and mineralized) of late Pleistocene (Yedoma) and Holocene (thermokarst) deposits on the Buor-Khaya Peninsula, northeast Siberia. The objective of this study was to develop a stratigraphic classified organic-matter quality characterization. For this purpose the degree of organic-matter decomposition was estimated by using a multiproxy approach. We applied sedimentological (grain-size analyses, bulk density, ice content) and geochemical parameters (total OC, stable carbon isotopes (δ13C), total organic carbon : nitrogen (C / N) ratios) as well as lipid biomarkers (n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, hopanes, triterpenoids, and biomarker indices, i.e., average chain length, carbon preference index (CPI), and higher-plant fatty-acid index (HPFA)). Our results show that the Yedoma and thermokarst organic-matter qualities for further decomposition exhibit no obvious degradation–depth trend. Relatively, the C / N and δ13C values and the HPFA index show a significantly better preservation of the organic matter stored in thermokarst deposits compared to Yedoma deposits. The CPI data suggest less degradation of the organic matter from both deposits, with a higher value for Yedoma organic matter. As the interquartile ranges of the proxies mostly overlap, we interpret this as indicating comparable quality for further decomposition for both kinds of deposits with likely better thermokarst organic-matter quality. Supported by principal component analyses, the sediment parameters and quality proxies of Yedoma and thermokarst deposits could not be unambiguously separated from each other. This revealed that the organic-matter vulnerability is heterogeneous and depends on different decomposition trajectories and the previous decomposition and preservation history. Elucidating this was one of the major new contributions of our multiproxy study. With the addition of biomarker data, it was possible to show that permafrost organic-matter degradation likely occurs via a combination of (uncompleted) degradation cycles or a cascade of degradation steps rather than as a linear function of age or sediment facies. We conclude that the amount of organic matter in the studied sediments is high for mineral soils and of good quality and therefore susceptible to future decomposition. The lack of depth trends shows that permafrost acts like a giant freezer, preserving the constant quality of ancient organic matter. When undecomposed Yedoma organic matter is mobilized via thermokarst processes, the fate of this carbon depends largely on the environmental conditions; the carbon could be preserved in an undecomposed state till refreezing occurs. If modern input has occurred, thermokarst organic matter could be of a better quality for future microbial decomposition than that found in Yedoma deposits.

Identification and preliminary characterization of a 65 kDa higher-plant microtubule-associated protein

1993 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chang-Jie ◽  
S. Sonobe
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Microtubule Protein

Microtubules in plant cells, as in animal cells, are dynamic structures. However, our lack of knowledge about the constituents of microtubules in plant cells has prevented us from understanding the mechanisms that control microtubule dynamics. To characterize some of these constituents, a cytoplasmic extract was prepared from evacuolated protoplasts (miniprotoplasts) of tobacco BY-2 cells, and microtubules were assembled in the presence of taxol and disassembled by cold treatment in the presence of Ca2+ and a high concentration of NaCl. SDS-PAGE analysis of triple-cycled microtubule protein revealed the presence of 120 kDa, 110 kDa and a group of 60–65 kDa polypeptides in addition to tubulin. Since these polypeptides had copolymerized with tubulin, through the three cycles of assembly and disassembly, and they bundle microtubules, we tentatively identified the three polypeptides as microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). To characterize these factors further, triple-cycled microtubule protein was fractionated by Mono-Q anion-exchange chromatography and the microtubule-bundling activity of each fraction was examined. Fractions having microtubule-bundling activity contained only the 65 kDa MAP, an indication that the 65 kDa MAP is responsible for the bundling of microtubules. Purified 65 kDa MAP formed cross-bridge structures between adjacent microtubules in vitro. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in mice against the 65 kDa MAP. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the 65 kDa MAP colocalized with microtubules in BY-2 cells throughout the cell cycle. Western blotting analysis of extracts from several species of plants suggested that the 65 kDa MAP and/or related peptides are widely distributed in the plant kingdom.

scholarly journals Organic geochemical characteristics and comparison of the source rocks and the severely biodegradable oil sands around Karamay, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872096487
Author(s):  
Chong Feng ◽  
Wenjun He ◽  
Hua Cai ◽  
Jingyuan Zhang ◽  
Yinlan Nie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Tricyclic Terpanes ◽  
Almost All

For the sake of explaining the organic geochemical characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rocks (SRs) around Karamay, such as thermal maturity (TM) (evidences from the temperature of maximum pyrolysis yield (Tmax), the Carbon Preference Index (CPI) and Odd to Even Preference (OEP) values, the C30 M/H versus Tm/Ts, the C29 ββ/(ββ + αα) versus C29 20 S/(20 S + 20 R)), hydrocarbon potential (HP) (evidences from total organic carbon (TOC) and rock pyrolysis (RP)), organic matter (OM) source input (evidences from n-Alkane distribution, the relative quantity of C27-C28-C29 steranes, the (C19 + C20)/C23 tricyclic terpane (TT), and the Terrigenous/aquatic ratio (TAR)) as well as paleoenvironment (evidences from the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) and the Gammacerane index), and in order to analyze the biodegradation degree and source of oil sand (OS) oil, 55 core samples of SRs in all were selected to measure TOC and RP. 14 core samples of SRs and 3 OS samples were selected for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. 11 core samples of SRs and 3 OS samples were used for organic carbon isotope (OCI) analysis. The results indicate that except the SR from Fengcheng formation (P1 f) which is in the stage of high or over evolution, the other SRs are in mature stage. OM type of Carboniferous (C) SRs are type Ⅱ kerogen, with the largest abundance. OM type of the SRs in Wuerhe formation (P2 w) and Jiamuhe formation (P1 j) are type Ⅲ kerogen with good and medium OM abundances. Almost all SRs were formed in the reduction environment of high salinity, and the main OM source input is the lower aquatic plants. Karamay formation (T2 k) and Badaowan formation (J1 b) oil sands (OSs) around Karamay have undergone serious biodegradation. It is suggested that OS oil are mainly from P1 f SRs (evidences from the tricyclic terpanes (TT), triarysteranes, pregnane, homopregnane and OCI).

Poorly known sponges in the Mediterranean with the detection of some taxonomic inconsistencies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Julio A. Díaz ◽  
Sergio Ramírez-Amaro ◽  
Francesc Ordines ◽  
Paco Cárdenas ◽  
Pere Ferriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Gulf Of Lion ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time

Abstract The poorly known sponge species Axinella vellerea (Topsent, 1904), Acarnus levii (Vacelet, 1960) and Haliclona poecillastroides (Vacelet, 1969) are reported from bottom-trawl samples off the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean. A re-description is provided for all three species and the Folmer fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) obtained for A. levii and H. poecillastroides. This is the second report of A. vellerea in the Mediterranean, the first time that A. levii is reported outside Corsica and the first time that H. poecillastroides is documented outside the Gulf of Lion, France. The systematic allocation of A. levii and H. poecillastroides is discussed based on a COI phylogenetic analysis and morphology. The poorly understood phylogeny of the Haplosclerida does not permit us to find a proper allocation for H. poecillastroides, although its current position in the genus Haliclona or the family Chalinidae is not defensible. On the other hand, A. levii currently fits best in the family Microcionidae, and seems related to some Clathria species with mixed features between Clathria and Acarnus. Considering that the species of the genus Acarnus shares a strong synapomorphy (the possession of Cladotylotes), it is plausible for all Acarnus species to be Microcionids. We conclude that H. poecillastroides needs to be reallocated to a new genus: Xestospongia poecillastroides comb. nov. (Petrosiidae). However, a reallocation of A. levii is not advisable for the moment, as this would imply major systematic changes such as the reallocation of the whole genus Acarnus to Microcionidae, and the redescription of Microcionidae and Acarnidae.

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