Optimizing protocols to evaluate brown rot (Monilinia laxa) susceptibility in peach and nectarine fruits

Brown rot is one of the most important pre- and postharvest fungal diseases of stone fruit worldwide. In Serbia, where production of stone fruit is economically important, Monilinia laxa and M. fructigena are widely distributed. In surveys from 2011 to 2013, 288 isolates of Monilinia spp. were collected from 131 localities in 16 districts and from six hosts in Serbia. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, phylogenetic analysis, and morphological characterization, three species of Monilinia were identified as the causal agents of brown rot of stone fruit: M. laxa (89% of isolates), M. fructigena (3%), and M. fructicola (8%). In 2011, M. fructicola was reported for the first time on stone fruit in Serbia, with only one isolate detected. More isolates of M. fructicola were detected in 2012 (2 isolates) and 2013 (20 isolates). The presence of M. fructicola, as well as its increased frequency of detection during the survey, may indicate a change in the population structure of these pathogens, which could have an important impact on brown rot disease management in Serbia.

Download Full-text

Brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot of apricot in Hungary

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/13/3/761 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

Author(s):

G. Drén ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

M. Soltész ◽

J. Nyéki ◽

I. J. Holb

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Monilinia Laxa ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Hilly Region ◽

Integrated Fruit Production

The aim of our two-year study was to assess incidence of brown rot blossom blight and fruit rot caused by Monilinia laxa in 2003 and 2004. Assessments of incidence were made on cv. Bergeron (susceptible to brown rot) in a flatland and a hilly growing area (at Cegléd and Gönc, respectively). In both locations, plant protection was performed according to the integrated fruit production guidelines and small untreated plots were set up for each cultivar in both years. In 2003, when weather conditions were dry and hot, brown rot incidence was low (less than 10%) on both blossoms and fruits. Monilinia laxa did not cause significantly different blossom blight and fruit rot at the hilly (Gönc) area compared to the flatland, not even in untreated plots. However, in 2004, when spring and summer weather conditions were wet and cold, Incidence reached 95% for blossom blight and 33% for fruit rot in the untreated plots. Blossom blight incidence was 1.5-2 times higher in the flatland area compared to the hilly growing area. During the blooming period of apricot, two (at flower bud stage and at full bloom) and three (at flower bud stage, at full bloom and at petal fall) fungicide applications were necessary for the successful control at Gönc and Cegléd, respectively. The difference between the two orchards was due to the fact that blooming started one week later in the hilly region (at Gone) than in the flatland region (at Cegléd), therefore, the critical weather period coincided with blooming in the orchard in the hilly region only partially. Fruit rot incidence was similar in both regions as the amount and distribution of rainfall were similar during the fruit ripening period.

Download Full-text

Phenological Analysis of Brown Rot Blossom Blight of Sweet Cherry Caused by Monilinia laxa

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-85-401 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Tamm

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Monilinia Laxa

Download Full-text

Effect of boron on the development of brown rot (Monilinia laxa) on peaches

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2009.12.023 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 572-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

T. Thomidis ◽

E. Exadaktylou

Keyword(s):

Brown Rot ◽

Monilinia Laxa

Download Full-text

Preliminary results on salicylic acid treatment on brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa on Jumbo Cot fruit, Prunus armeniaca L.

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/19/3-4./1100 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (3-4) ◽

Author(s):

A. Ezzat ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

J. Nyéki ◽

I. J. Holb

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Prunus Armeniaca ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Monilinia Laxa ◽

Salicylic Acid Treatment ◽

Prunus Armeniaca L

The effect of salicylic acid on reducing brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa infection in postharvest apricot fruit Prunus armeniaca L. Freshly harvest Jumpo Cot fruit were treated with water as control treatment and other group treated with salicylic acid 2 Mm as induced resistance treatment, Fruits were infected by M. laxa (1 × 10-3spores ml-1) and incubated at 25 oC for 2, 4 and 6 days. Treatment fruits with salicylic acid resulted in direct effect on mycelial growth as in the salicylic acid treatment the growth reached to 45% after 6 days of incubation while in the control treatment it reached to 100%.

Download Full-text

The effect of location on the incidence of brown rot blossom and shoot blight infection on apricot

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/17/3276 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 89-91

Author(s):

Gábor Drén ◽

Zoltán Szabó ◽

János Nagy ◽

Mária Dani ◽

Sándor Thurzó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Rot ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Monilinia Laxa ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Hilly Region ◽

Shoot Blight ◽

Successful Control ◽

The Difference

The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of brown rot blossom and shoot blight and caused by Monilinia laxa. Assessments of incidence were made on cv. Bergeron (susceptible to brown rot) in a flatland and a hilly growing area (at Cegléd and Gönc, respectively). In 2004, when spring and summer weather conditions were wet and cold, incidence reached 95 % for blossom blight and 33 % for shoot blight in the untreated plots. Blossom blight incidence was 1.5-2 times higher in the flatland area compared to the hilly growing area. During the blooming period of apricot, two (at flower bud stage and at full bloom) and three (at flower bud stage, at full bloom and at petal fall) fungicide applications were necessary for the successful control at Gönc and Cegléd, respectively. The difference between the two orchards was due to the fact that blooming started one week later in the hilly region (at Gönc) than in the flatland region (at Cegléd), therefore, the critical weather period coincided with blooming in the orchard in the hilly region only partially.

Download Full-text

Environmentally-benign plant protection possibilities against domestic Monilinia spp. in organic apple and stone fruit orchards

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/17/3278 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

Imre Holb ◽

Zoltán Szabó ◽

Gábor Drén ◽

Sándor Thurzó ◽

József Racskó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Stone Fruit ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Monilinia Laxa ◽

Monilinia Fructigena ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Cultivar Susceptibility ◽

Fruit Orchards ◽

Chemical Materials

In this study, possibilities of environmental-friendly plant protection against domestical brwon rot species were summarized for oecological pome and stone fruit orchards. Symtomps of the two most important brown rot species (Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey and Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey) were described and then cultivar susceptibility to brown rot was discussed. Furthermore, mechanical, agrotecnical, biological, and other control possibilities (stone powders, plant extracts and restricted chemical materials) were shown.

Download Full-text

INCIDENCE OF BROWN ROT BLOSSOM BLIGHT (MONILINIA LAXA [ADERHOLD & RUHLAND]) AND FRUIT ROT IN ORGANIC SOUR CHERRY PRODUCTION IN HUNGARY

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2008.795.148 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 913-918 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I.J. Holb ◽

T. Szabó ◽

S. Thurzó ◽

J. Nyéki ◽

G. Drén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Monilinia Laxa

Download Full-text

Genome Sequence of the Brown Rot Fungal Pathogen Monilinia laxa

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00214-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (17) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miguel A. Naranjo-Ortíz ◽

Silvia Rodríguez-Píres ◽

Rosario Torres ◽

Antonieta De Cal ◽

Josep Usall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Monilinia Laxa ◽

Total Size ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Content Type ◽

Unique Protein ◽

Blight Disease

ABSTRACT Monilinia laxa (phylum Ascomycota ) is a plant pathogen responsible for the brown rot blossom blight disease in stone fruit trees of the Rosaceae family, such as apricots. We report here the genome sequence of strain 8L of this species, which was assembled into 618 scaffolds, having a total size of 40.799 Mb and encoding 9,567 unique protein-coding genes.

Download Full-text

Rapid Detection of Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa on Peach and Nectarine using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-19-0035-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 2305-2314 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sara Franco Ortega ◽

Maria del Pilar Bustos López ◽

Luca Nari ◽

Neil Boonham ◽

Maria Lodovica Gullino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Brown Rot ◽

Stone Fruit ◽

Monilinia Laxa ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽

Fruit Orchards ◽

Mediterranean Plant ◽

North And South America

Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola are two causal agents of brown rot, one of the most important diseases in stone fruit. Two species cause blight on blossoms and twigs and brown rot on fruit in pre- and postharvest. Both species are distributed worldwide in North and South America, Australia, and Japan. In Europe, M. laxa is endemic, while M. fructicola was introduced in 2001 and it is now widespread in several countries. Currently, both species coexist in European stone fruit orchards. Monilinia spp. overwinter in cankers and mummified fruit. Mummy monitoring during winter permits growers to understand which species of Monilinia will be prevalent in an orchard during the following season, permitting planning of an appropriate crop protection. Traditionally, the identification has been carried out using morphological features and even with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays that requires time and well-equipped laboratories. In this study, two isothermal-based methods were designed to identify these pathogens in a faster way than using traditional methods. The loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays were validated on some isolates of Monilinia spp. coming from the mummy monitoring according to the international European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization standard (PM7/98), taking into account specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The sensitivity of both assays was checked by monitoring (at different time points) two nectarine varieties artificially inoculated and stored at two different temperatures. The reliability of both LAMP assays against the quantification of the inoculum was compared with previously published quantitative PCR assays. Both LAMP methods were able to detect a low number of cells. These LAMP methods could be a useful tool for monitoring brown rot causal agents in the field and during postharvest.

Download Full-text