scholarly journals Congenital amusia—pathology of musical disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szyfter ◽  
Jadwiga Wigowska-Sowińska
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Musical Signals

AbstractAmusia also known as tone deafness affects roughly 1.5% population. Congenital amusia appears from birth and lasts over life span. Usually, it is not associated with other diseases. Its link to hearing impairment has been definitively excluded. Neurobiological studies point to asymmetrical processing of musical signals in auditory cortex of left and right brain hemispheres. The finding was supported by discovering microlesions in the right-side gray matter. Because of its connection with asymmetry, amusia has been classified to disconnection syndromes. Alternatively to the neurobiological explanation of amusia background, an attention was turned to the significance of genetic factors. The studies done on relatives and twins indicated familial aggregation of amusia. Molecular genetic investigations linked amusia with deletion of 22q11.2 chromosome region. Until now no specific genes responsible for development of amusia were found.

scholarly journals Developmental Brain Asymmetry. The Good and the Bad Sides

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Monica Laura Cara ◽  
Ioana Streata ◽  
Ana Maria Buga ◽  
Dominic Gabriel Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Brain asymmetry is a hallmark of the human brain. Recent studies report a certain degree of abnormal asymmetry of brain lateralization between left and right brain hemispheres can be associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions. In this regard, some questions need answers. First, the accelerated brain asymmetry is programmed during the pre-natal period that can be called “accelerated brain decline clock”. Second, can we find the right biomarkers to predict these changes? Moreover, can we establish the dynamics of these changes in order to identify the right time window for proper interventions that can reverse or limit the neurological decline? To find answers to these questions, we performed a systematic online search for the last 10 years in databases using keywords. Conclusion: we need to establish the right in vitro model that meets human conditions as much as possible. New biomarkers are necessary to establish the “good” or the “bad” borders of brain asymmetry at the epigenetic and functional level as early as possible.

scholarly journals Psychophysiological Analysis of the Influence of Vasopressin on Speech in Patients with Post-Stroke Aphasias

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei G. Tsikunov ◽  
Svetlana G. Belokoskova
Keyword(s):  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Effect

Speech is an attribute of the human species. Central speech disorders following stroke are unique models for the investigation of the organization of speech. Achievements in neurobiology suggest that there are possible neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the organization of speech. It is known that the neuropeptide vasotocin, analogous of vasopressin in mammals, modulates various components of vocalization in animals. Furthermore, the positive influence of vasopressin on memory, which plays an important role in the formation of speech, has been described. In this study, speech organization processes and their recovery with the administration of vasopressin (1-desamino-8-D-arginin-vasopressin) to 26 patients with chronic aphasias after stroke were investigated. Results showed that sub-endocrine doses of the neuropeptide with intranasal administration had positive influence primarily on simple forms of speech and secondarily on composite forms. There were no statistically significant differences between the sensory and integrative components of the organization of speech processes with vasopressin. In all cases, the positive effect of the neuropeptide was demonstrated. As a result of the effects, speech regulated by both brain hemispheres improved. It is suggested that the neuropeptide optimizes the activity both in the left and right hemispheres, with primary influence on the right hemisphere. The persistence of the acquired effects is explained by an induction of compensatory processes resulting in the reorganization of the intra-central connections by vasopressin.

scholarly journals Asymmetric visual input and route recapitulation in homing pigeons

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1816) ◽  
pp. 20151957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antone Martinho ◽  
Dora Biro ◽  
Tim Guilford ◽  
Anna Gagliardo ◽  
Alex Kacelnik
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Behavioural Consequence ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Pigeons ( Columba livia ) display reliable homing behaviour, but their homing routes from familiar release points are individually idiosyncratic and tightly recapitulated, suggesting that learning plays a role in route establishment. In light of the fact that routes are learned, and that both ascending and descending visual pathways share visual inputs from each eye asymmetrically to the brain hemispheres, we investigated how information from each eye contributes to route establishment, and how information input is shared between left and right neural systems. Using on-board global positioning system loggers, we tested 12 pigeons' route fidelity when switching from learning a route with one eye to homing with the other, and back, in an A-B-A design. Two groups of birds, trained first with the left or first with the right eye, formed new idiosyncratic routes after switching eyes, but those that flew first with the left eye formed these routes nearer to their original routes. This confirms that vision plays a major role in homing from familiar sites and exposes a behavioural consequence of neuroanatomical asymmetry whose ontogeny is better understood than its functional significance.

Genetic testing for autistic spectrum disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Е.А. Померанцева ◽  
А.А. Исаев ◽  
А.П. Есакова ◽  
И.В. Поволоцкая ◽  
Е.В. Денисенкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Testing Algorithm

Согласно рекомендациям Американской академии педиатрии при постановке диагноза аутизм, следует направить семью на консультацию генетика и генетическое обследование. Однако оптимальный подход к алгоритму генетического обследования при выявлении расстройства аутистического спектра еще предстоит разработать. В рамках исследования было проведено сравнение выявляемости генетических факторов аутизма различными молекулярно-генетическими тестами. According to American Academy of Pediatrics recent guidelines, each family with a child diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder should be reffered to a medical geneticist and offered genetic tests. However, an optimal genetic testing algorithm has yet to be developed. This study was conducted to compare abilities of different molecular-genetic methods to detect genetic factors of autistic spectrum disorders.

Epigenetic factors and molecular markers of the risk of early pregnancy losses

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nataly I Frolova ◽  
Tatiana E Belokrinitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Combined Impact

Background. Miscarriage is a common complication in early pregnancy. Current studies have shown a higher prevalence of miscarriage, ranging from 10 to 20%. The review is devoted to modern concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of early pregnancy losses. Aim. Assess the role of epigenetic factors and molecular-genetic markers in the pathogenesis and prediction of early pregnancy losses Materials and methods. In order to write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 10-15 years. Relevant articles from the peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines were included. Results. Many recent studies have proved the contribution of various epigenetic factors to the pathogenesis of spontaneous miscarriages, and the molecular-genetic determination such kinds of pregnancy complication has been confirmed. Conclusion. The miscarriage in early gestation is driven by combined impact of epigenetic and molecular-genetic factors, as well as the presence of intergenic interactions. It is may lead to deterioration of physiological functions, and maternal pathologenic pathways could be changed as during her periconceptional period as so during the pregnancy.

Comparison of the efficiency of the indexes of Pont and Korkhause with Kernott technique in patients with narrowing of maxilla

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
O. I. Admakin ◽  
I. A. Solop ◽  
A. D. Oksentyuk
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Standard Analysis ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Control Models ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

Relevance. The narrowing of the maxilla is one of the most common pathologies in orthodontics. Recent studies show that the narrowing is always asymmetric which is connected to the rotation of the maxilla. To choose the treatment correctly one need a calculation that reveals the asymmetry, which is impossible with using standard indexes.Purpose – to compare efficiency of indexes of Pont and Korkhause with the Kernott's method in patients with narrowing of the maxilla.Materials and methods. The study involved 35 children aged from 8 to 12 years old undergoing dental treatment in the University Children's Clinical Hospital of the First Moscow State Medical University with no comorbidities. For every patient a gypsum model was prepared and after that to carry out the biometrical calculation. In this study two indexes were used: Pont's index and Korkhause's; using this standard analysis the narrowing of the maxilla was revealed. After using Pont's Index and Korkhaus analysis all the models were calculated by the method of Kernott with Kernott's dynamic pentagon.Results. As a result of the analysis of the control diagnostic models a narrowing of the maxilla in 69% of cases (n = 24) was revealed in all cases, the deviation of the size of the dentition was asymmetric. Thus, 65% of the surveyed models showed a narrowing on the right. This narrowing was of a different severity and averaged 15 control models.Conclusions. This shows that for the biometrics of diagnostic models it is necessary to use methods that allow to estimate the width of the dentition rows on the left and on the right separately. To correct the asymmetric narrowing of the dentition, it is preferable to use non-classical expanding devices that act equally on the left and right sides separetly.

scholarly journals Lateralization in monogamous pairs: wild geese prefer to keep their partner in the left hemifield except when disturbed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Zaynagutdinova ◽  
Karina Karenina ◽  
Andrey Giljov
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Anser Albifrons ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
The Right

Abstract Behavioural lateralization, which reflects the functional specializations of the two brain hemispheres, is assumed to play an important role in cooperative intraspecific interactions. However, there are few studies focused on the lateralization in cooperative behaviours of individuals, especially in a natural setting. In the present study, we investigated lateralized spatial interactions between the partners in life-long monogamous pairs. The male-female pairs of two geese species (barnacle, Branta leucopsis, and white-fronted, Anser albifrons geese), were observed during different stages of the annual cycle in a variety of conditions. In geese flocks, we recorded which visual hemifield (left/right) the following partner used to monitor the leading partner relevant to the type of behaviour and the disturbance factors. In a significant majority of pairs, the following bird viewed the leading partner with the left eye during routine behaviours such as resting and feeding in undisturbed conditions. This behavioural lateralization, implicating the right hemisphere processing, was consistent across the different aggregation sites and years of the study. In contrast, no significant bias was found in a variety of geese behaviours associated with enhanced disturbance (when alert on water, flying or fleeing away when disturbed, feeding during the hunting period, in urban area feeding and during moulting). We hypothesize that the increased demands for right hemisphere processing to deal with stressful and emergency situations may interfere with the manifestation of lateralization in social interactions.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic uniqueness and commonality of the ion channels and transporters in the four heart chambers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Iacobas ◽  
Bogdan Amuzescu ◽  
Dumitru A. Iacobas
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Expression Control ◽  
Gene Expression Control ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Right Atria ◽  
Agilent Microarrays

AbstractMyocardium transcriptomes of left and right atria and ventricles from four adult male C57Bl/6j mice were profiled with Agilent microarrays to identify the differences responsible for the distinct functional roles of the four heart chambers. Female mice were not investigated owing to their transcriptome dependence on the estrous cycle phase. Out of the quantified 16,886 unigenes, 15.76% on the left side and 16.5% on the right side exhibited differential expression between the atrium and the ventricle, while 5.8% of genes were differently expressed between the two atria and only 1.2% between the two ventricles. The study revealed also chamber differences in gene expression control and coordination. We analyzed ion channels and transporters, and genes within the cardiac muscle contraction, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, calcium and adrenergic signaling pathways. Interestingly, while expression of Ank2 oscillates in phase with all 27 quantified binding partners in the left ventricle, the percentage of in-phase oscillating partners of Ank2 is 15% and 37% in the left and right atria and 74% in the right ventricle. The analysis indicated high interventricular synchrony of the ion channels expressions and the substantially lower synchrony between the two atria and between the atrium and the ventricle from the same side.

The role of visual experience for spatial numerical associations

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Proulx ◽  
Achille Pasqualotto ◽  
Shuichiro Taya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Experience ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Number Line ◽  
Mental Number Line ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

The topographic representation of space interacts with the mental representation of number. Evidence for such number–space relations have been reported in both synaesthetic and non-synaesthetic participants. Thus far most studies have only examined related effects in sighted participants. For example, the mental number line increases in magnitude from left to right in sighted individuals (Loetscher et al., 2008, Curr. Biol.). What is unclear is whether this association arises from innate mechanisms or requires visual experience early in life to develop in this way. Here we investigated the role of visual experience for the left to right spatial numerical association using a random number generation task in congenitally blind, late blind, and blindfolded sighted participants. Participants orally generated numbers randomly whilst turning their head to the left and right. Sighted participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the left than to the right, consistent with past results. In contrast, congenitally blind participants generated smaller numbers when they turned their head to the right than to the left, exhibiting the opposite effect. The results of the late blind participants showed an intermediate profile between that of the sighted and congenitally blind participants. Visual experience early in life is therefore necessary for the development of the spatial numerical association of the mental number line.

The gray matter volume of the right insula mediates the relationship between symptoms of depression/anxiety and sleep quality among college students

2019 ◽  
pp. 135910531986997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huazhan Yin ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Lu Xiao ◽  
Mei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the neuroanatomical basis of the association between depression/anxiety and sleep quality among 370 college students. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between sleep quality and depression/anxiety. Moreover, mediation results showed that the gray matter volume of the right insula mediated the relationship between depression/anxiety and sleep quality, which suggested that depression/anxiety may affect sleep quality through the right insula volume. These findings confirmed a strong link between sleep quality and depression/anxiety, while highlighting the volumetric variation in the right insula associated with emotional processing, which may play a critical role in improving sleep quality.

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