scholarly journals Midlife Work and Women’s Long-Term Health and Mortality

Demography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-402
Author(s):  
Jennifer Caputo ◽  
Eliza K. Pavalko ◽  
Melissa A. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Mature Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Health And Mortality

AbstractAlthough paid work is a well-established predictor of health, several gaps in our knowledge about the relationship between adult work patterns and later health and mortality remain, including whether these benefits persist over long periods and whether they are dependent on subjective experiences with work. We draw on more than three decades of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women to assess how labor force participation over a period of 20 years during midlife is related to mental and physical health and mortality over the following 16–25 years. We find that consistent work earlier in life continues to predict improved health and longevity over many years as women enter late life, and this relationship does not differ between women with positive and those with negative subjective work experiences. These findings add to knowledge about how key adult social experiences are related to health as individuals enter later life.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG DEPARTMENTAL UNIVERSITIES TEACHERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Natalia Kolesnikova ◽  
Oksana Makarkina ◽  
Dmitry Dvoretsky ◽  
Yuriy Dyatlov ◽  
Marina Manoylova
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Burnout ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Discrete Response ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the results of the study on burnout syndrome among teachers with various work experiences in university. The aim of the study is the review of burnout psychological patterns among teachers with various work experiences in university. The main hypothesis of the study is based on the assumption that the teachers whose work experience in departmental universities is more than 10 years are more vulnerable to the burnout syndrome development. In order to attain the envisaged goals and to test the hypothesis there were used empirical methods: differential diagnosis of decreased functioning by A. Leonova and S. Velichkovskaya, diagnosis of professional burnout by K. Maslach and S. Jackson adapted by N.E. Vodop’yanova, technique for diagnosing the burnout syndrome level by V.V. Boiko. Group comparison of teachers with various work experiences in university has shown that long term professional activity leads to burnout syndrome development: the most part of examined teachers are characterized by high level of burnout syndrome which structure is observed in high intensity of resistance and exhaustion phases and such syndromes as inadequate emotional discrete response; resignation or depersonalization, emotional and moral disorientation; psychosomatic and vegetative disorders.  

scholarly journals Mapping Social Exclusion: The Geography of Unemployment

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Soldera
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Manifestation

This paper analyses the relationship between the spatial distribution of unemployment in an urban area and economic growth. According to the hysteresis argument inertias build up in recessions that are not dispelled during periods of growth. The most common manifestation is the continued growth of long-term unemployment. Long durations of unemployment reduce skill levels, confidence, contacts and the chances of regaining paid work. This paper examines the possibility that these duration effects are also tied to the spatial distribution of unemployment, generating a form of spatial hysteresis. According to this argument clusters of unemployment that grow during recessions fail to shrink during periods of growth. These spatial concentrations of unemployment create a range of negative externalities that inhibit individuals in their search for employment. Using a GIS applied to census data a clustering statistic was employed to analyse the changing spatial distribution of the unemployed in the Wellington metropolitan regions over the period 1986 to 1996. Statistically significant clusters that persisted over the decade strongly support the spatial hysteresis argument.

Precarious Work in Midlife: Long-Term Implications for the Health and Mortality of Women and Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110550
Author(s):  
Rachel Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Health And Mortality

Although prior research documents adverse health consequences of precarious work, we know less about how chronic exposure to precarious work in midlife shapes health trajectories among aging adults. The present study uses longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to consider how histories of precarious work in later midlife (ages 50–65) shape trajectories of health and mortality risk after age 65. Results show that greater exposure to unemployment, job insecurity, and insufficient work hours in midlife predicts more chronic conditions and functional limitations after age 65. Characteristics of precarious work also predict increased mortality risk in later life. Findings indicate few gender differences in linkages between precarious work and health; however, women are more likely than men to experience job insecurity throughout midlife. Because precarious work is unlikely to abate, results suggest the need to reduce the health consequences of working in precarious jobs.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term determinants of social detachment in later life

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN JIVRAJ ◽  
JAMES NAZROO ◽  
MATT BARNES
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Equitable Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTThe benefits of engagement with social activities on health and wellbeing are widely reported by gerontologists. Less is known, however, about what drives withdrawal from and re-engagement with social activities in later life. This is an important area of research which has direct implications for public policies that aim to ensure equitable outcomes among older adults. Much of the existing literature supports continuity theory which assumes people will not alter their level of social engagement as they age or after life-changing events. This paper uses data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing over an eight-year period (2002–2010) to determine the effect of short-term changes in marital, employment and health status over an initial four-year period on the dynamics of social detachment over the following four years. We control for underlying socio-economic disadvantages built up during the lifecourse and find that these effects, including poor education, wealth and health, are the most important determinants of persistent detachment from social activities as well as movement into and out of social detachment. The effects are consistent in men and women. The effects of short-term changes in marital and employment status have little effect on social detachment. Recent deterioration in health, however, predicted movement into social detachment, which implies the relationship between health and social detachment is reciprocal.

Spousal Breadwinning Across 30 Years of Marriage and Husbands’ Health: A Gendered Life Course Stress Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen W. Springer ◽  
Chioun Lee ◽  
Deborah Carr
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Income Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Retirement Study

Objective: Wives increasingly outearn their husbands, and gender relations theory suggests this arrangement may undermine men’s well-being. We explore how long-term histories of spousal breadwinning may be associated with older men’s self-rated mental and physical health, and risk of nine health diagnoses. Method: Using 30 years of couple-level income data from the Health and Retirement Study ( n = 1,095 couples), we use latent class analyses to identify six classes that differ with respect to the timing and level of wife breadwinning. We link these classes to older husbands’ later-life health. Results: Classes that transitioned from husband breadwinning to wife breadwinning in early or later adulthood were associated with husbands’ poorer overall physical health and risk of cardiometabolic and stress-related diseases. Patterns persist net of sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, health behaviors, and adolescent health. Discussion: Violating cultural expectations, such as the masculinity ideal of male breadwinning, is associated with older men’s poorer health.

scholarly journals Mapping Social Exclusion: The Geography of Unemployment

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Soldera
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Manifestation

This paper analyses the relationship between the spatial distribution of unemployment in an urban area and economic growth. According to the hysteresis argument inertias build up in recessions that are not dispelled during periods of growth. The most common manifestation is the continued growth of long-term unemployment. Long durations of unemployment reduce skill levels, confidence, contacts and the chances of regaining paid work. This paper examines the possibility that these duration effects are also tied to the spatial distribution of unemployment, generating a form of spatial hysteresis. According to this argument clusters of unemployment that grow during recessions fail to shrink during periods of growth. These spatial concentrations of unemployment create a range of negative externalities that inhibit individuals in their search for employment. Using a GIS applied to census data a clustering statistic was employed to analyse the changing spatial distribution of the unemployed in the Wellington metropolitan regions over the period 1986 to 1996. Statistically significant clusters that persisted over the decade strongly support the spatial hysteresis argument.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Relationship

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.

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