In-vitro hematological toxicity prediction by colony-forming cell assays

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pooja Shukla ◽  
Ankur Omer ◽  
Rama Kant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Prediction ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Colony Forming Cell

Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content and Hematoprotective Effects of Cleome arabica Polyphenolic Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tigrine ◽  
A. Kameli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Cleome Arabica

In this study a polyphenolic extract from Cleome arabica leaves (CALE) was investigated for its antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH•, metal chelating and reducing power methods and for its protective effects against AraC-induced hematological toxicity in vivo using Balb C mice. Results indicated that CALE exhibited a strong and dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH• free radical (IC50 = 4.88 μg/ml) and a high reducing power activity (EC50 = 4.85 μg/ml). Furthermore, it showed a good chelating effects against ferrous ions (IC50 = 377.75 μg/ml). The analysis of blood showed that subcutaneous injection of AraC (50 mg/kg) to mice during three consecutive days caused a significant myelosupression (P < 0.05). The combination of CALE and AraC protected blood cells from a veritable toxicity. Where, the number of the red cells, the amount of hemoglobin and the percentage of the hematocrite were significantly high. On the other hand, AraC cause an elevation of body temperature (39 °C) in mice. However, the temperature of the group treated with CALE and AraC remained normal and did not exceed 37.5 °C. The observed biological effects of CALE, in vitro as well as in vivo, could be due to the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activity of CALE suggested to be responsible for its hematoprotective effect.

In vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Analysis of Ten Tannery Chemicals Using SOS/umu Tests and High-content In vitro Micronucleus Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehao Huang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kaifeng Rao ◽  
Cuiting Liu ◽  
Zijian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Qsar Analysis ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Damaging Effects

Background: More than 2,000 chemicals have been used in the tannery industry. Although some tannery chemicals have been reported to have harmful effects on both human health and the environment, only a few have been subjected to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluations. Objective: This study focused on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ten tannery chemicals widely used in China. Materials and Methods: DNA-damaging effects were measured using the SOS/umu test with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Chromosome-damaging and cytotoxic effects were determined with the high-content in vitro Micronucleus test (MN test) using the human-derived cell lines MGC-803 and A549. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity of the ten tannery chemicals differed somewhat between the two cell assays, with A549 cells being more sensitive than MGC-803 cells. None of the chemicals induced DNA damage before metabolism, but one was found to have DNA-damaging effects on metabolism. Four of the chemicals, DY64, SB1, DB71 and RR120, were found to have chromosome-damaging effects. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis indicated that one structural feature favouring chemical genotoxicity, Hacceptor-path3-Hacceptor, may contribute to the chromosome-damaging effects of the four MN-test-positive chemicals.

scholarly journals Potential of citrus extract as disinfectant in SARS-CoV-2 prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Schneegans-Vallejo ◽  
Vanessa López-Guerrero ◽  
Ollin Celeste Martínez-Ramírez ◽  
Margarita De Lorena Ramos-García ◽  
Dagoberto Guillen-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Citrus Extract

<p>SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, responsible for the second pandemic of the 21st century. This virus has caused a health emergency due to its rapid transmission and high mortality rate. The use of disinfectants of chemical origin has increased considerably to avoid contamination by SARS-CoV-2 but when used incorrectly they can pose a health risk. Citrus-based extracts have shown effectiveness in controlling the development of fungi and bacteria in<em> in vitro</em> and <em>in situ</em> studies. In <em>in vitro</em> cell assays, citrus extracts are effective in controlling the replication of disease-causing viruses. The objective of this review is to describe the problem of COVID-19, its transmission mechanisms, the use of chemical disinfectants and citrus extracts to control microorganisms and its suggested use as a complement in COVID-19 prevention. The use of citrus extracts has certain advantages such as biodegradability and low health risks. Thus, they could be a viable alternative to be used as a complement in the management and prevention of the spread of SARS-CoV-2.</p>

Effects of polymethoxylated flavone metabolites on apoB100 secretion and MTP activity in Huh7.5 cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Gonçalves ◽  
Thais B. Cesar ◽  
John A. Manthey ◽  
Paulo I. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Polymethoxylated Flavones ◽  
High Concentrations

Background: Citrus polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) reduce the synthesis of liver lipoproteins in animal and in vitro cell assays, but few studies have evaluated the direct effects of their metabolites on this highly regulated process. Objective: To investigate the effects of representative metabolites of PMF on the secretion of liver lipoproteins using the mammalian cell Huh7.5. Method: In this study, the influences of three PMFs and five previously isolated PMF metabolites on hepatic apoB-100 secretion and microsomal transfer protein (MTP) activity were evaluated. Tangeretin (TAN), nobiletin (NOB) and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), and their glucuronides (TAN-Gluc, NOB-Gluc and HMF-Gluc) and oxidatively demethylated metabolites (TAN-OH, NOB-OH, HMF-OH) were incubated with Huh7.5 cells to measure their inhibitory effects on lipid synthesis. Results: The results showed that TAN, HMF and TAN-OH reduced the secretion of apoB-100 in a dose-dependent manner, while NOB and the other tested metabolites showed no inhibition. MTP activity in the Huh7.5 cells was significantly reduced in the presence of low concentrations of TAN, and in high concentrations of NOB-OH. This study also showed that PMFs and PMF metabolites produced a wide range of effects on apoB-100 secretion and MTP activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that while PMFs and their metabolites control dyslipidemia in vivo, the inhibition of MTP activity cannot be the only pathway influenced by these compounds.

The relationship between erythropoietin-dependent cellular differentiation and colony-forming ability in prenatal haemopoietic tissues

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-588
Author(s):  
R. J. Cole ◽  
T. Regan ◽  
S. L. White ◽  
E. M. Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Colony Forming Cell ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
The Relationship

Levels of haem synthesis achieved by foetal liver erythroblasts responding to erythropoietin in vitro are similar in dissociated cell cultures and in cultures of organized tissues. Erythroid colony-forming cells reach maximum numbers on the sixteenth day of gestation. Their presence in foetal liver is associated with the period of most rapid production of erythrocytes, and with in vitro sensitivity to erythropoietin measured as enhanced haem synthesis. It is concluded that at least a proportion of erythroid colony-forming cells in the foetal liver are dependent on erythropoietin in situ and that these cells are separated from the earliest recognizable pro-erythroblast by 1–2 cell divisions. Populations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells change independently of erythroid colony-forming cell numbers.

The microtubule- and PP1-binding activities of Drosophila melanogaster Spc105 control the kinetics of SAC satisfaction.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux R. Audett ◽  
Erin L. Johnson ◽  
Jessica M. McGory ◽  
Dylan M. Barcelos ◽  
Evelin Oroszne Szalai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 1 ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Regulatory Circuit ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Kinetics Of

KNL1 is a large intrinsically disordered kinetochore (KT) protein that recruits spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components to mediate SAC signaling. The N-terminal region (NTR) of KNL1 possesses two activities that have been implicated in SAC silencing: microtubule (MT) binding and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) recruitment. The NTR of D. melanogaster KNL1 (Spc105) has never been shown to bind MTs nor to recruit PP1. Furthermore, the phospho-regulatory mechanisms known to control SAC protein binding to KNL1 orthologues is absent in D. melanogaster. Here, these apparent discrepancies are resolved using in vitro and cell based-assays. A phospho-regulatory circuit, which utilizes Aurora B kinase (ABK), promotes SAC protein binding to the central disordered region of Spc105 while the NTR binds directly to MTs in vitro and recruits PP1-87B to KTs in vivo. Live-cell assays employing an optogenetic oligomerization tag, and deletion/chimera mutants are used to define the interplay of MT- and PP1-binding by Spc105 and the relative contributions of both activities to the kinetics of SAC satisfaction. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]

scholarly journals Determining the Effect of Pterostilbene on Insulin Secretion Using Chemoproteomics

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2885
Author(s):  
Chiara Cassiano ◽  
Daniela Eletto ◽  
Alessandra Tosco ◽  
Raffaele Riccio ◽  
Maria Chiara Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Pterostilbene, the 3,5-dimethoxy derivative of resveratrol, is a well-known polyphenolic compound, mainly found in blueberries, grapevines, and Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, which has recently attracted a great deal of attention due to its wide bio-pharmacological profile. Moreover, pterostilbene is more lipophilic than resveratrol, with a consequently better bioavailability and a more interesting therapeutic potential. In this work, a chemoproteomic approach, based on affinity chromatography, was applied on pterostilbene in the attempt to identify the biological targets responsible for its bioactivity. On this basis, syntaxins, a group of proteins involved in the formation of SNARE complexes mediating vesicles exocytosis, were selected among the most interesting pterostilbene interactors. In vitro and in cell assays gave evidence of the pterostilbene ability to reduce insulin secretion on glucose-stimulated pancreatic beta cells, opening the way to potential applications of pterostilbene as a supplement in the care of insulin-dependent metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals SWATH Differential Abundance Proteomics and Cellular Assays Show In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Arachidonic Acid- and Docosahexaenoic Acid-Based Monoacylglycerols in HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2984 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José González-Fernández ◽  
Dmitri Fabrikov ◽  
Rebeca P. Ramos-Bueno ◽  
José Luis Guil-Guerrero ◽  
Ignacio Ortea
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Theoretical Mass ◽  
Cell Assays

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and mortal types of cancer. There is increasing evidence that some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exercise specific inhibitory actions on cancer cells through different mechanisms, as a previous study on CRC cells demonstrated for two very long-chain PUFA. These were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n6) in the free fatty acid (FFA) form. In this work, similar design and technology have been used to investigate the actions of both DHA and ARA as monoacylglycerol (MAG) molecules, and results have been compared with those obtained using the corresponding FFA. Cell assays revealed that ARA- and DHA-MAG exercised dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative actions, with DHA-MAG acting on cancer cells more efficiently than ARA-MAG. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH)—mass spectrometry massive quantitative proteomics, validated by parallel reaction monitoring and followed by pathway analysis, revealed that DHA-MAG had a massive effect in the proteasome complex, while the ARA-MAG main effect was related to DNA replication. Prostaglandin synthesis also resulted as inhibited by DHA-MAG. Results clearly demonstrated the ability of both ARA- and DHA-MAG to induce cell death in colon cancer cells, which suggests a direct relationship between chemical structure and antitumoral actions.

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