scholarly journals Irregular Bone Defect Repair Using Tissue-Engineered Periosteum in a Rabbit Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-727
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Junli Zhao ◽  
Jia-Jia Yu ◽  
Cangyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: In previous studies, we succeeded in repairing a long bone defect with tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP), fabricated by incorporating rabbit mesenchymal stem cells with small intestinal submucosa. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of allogeneic irregular bone defect repair using TEP. Methods: We performed a subtotal resection of the scapula in 36 rabbits to establish a large irregular bone defect model. The rabbits were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 12 per group) and the defects were treated with TEP (Group 1), allogeneic deproteinized bone (DPB) (Group 2) or a hybrid of TEP and DPB (Group 3). At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the implants were harvested. X-ray radiographic and histological examinations were performed to detect bone healing. Ink-formaldehyde perfusion was introduced to qualitatively analyze vascularization in TEP engineered new bone. Results: The repair of scapular defects was diverse in all groups, shown by radiographic and histological tests. The radiographic scores in Group 1 and Group 3 were significantly higher than Group 2 at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Histological scores further proved that Group 1 had significantly greater new bone formation compared to Group 3 (p < 0.05), while Group 2 had the lowest osteogenesis at all time-points (p < 0.001). Ink-formaldehyde perfusion revealed aboundant microvessels in TEP engineered new bone. Conclusion: We conclude that TEP is promising for the repair of large irregular bone defects. As a 3D scaffold, DPB could provide mechanical support and a shaping guide when combined with TEP. TEP engineered new bone has aboundant microvessels.

scholarly journals Irregular bone defect repair via tissue-engineered periosteum approach in rabbit model.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Jia-Jia Yu ◽  
Cangyu Zhang ◽  
Xiuhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background As an alternative of bone grafts for defect repair, tissue engineering is much promising for clinical application. In previous studies, we have succeeded in repair of long bone defect with homemade tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP), of which is fabraicated by incorporating osteogenically induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of rabbits with a scaffold of small intestinal submucosa (SIS).Methods In this study, we are aimed to discuss the feasibility of allogenic irregular bone defect repair with the TEP. Thirty-six rabbits whose scapulas were subtotally resected to establish large irregular bone defects model in allogenic rabbits. The defects were treat respectively with TEP (Group 1, n=12), allogenic deproteinized bone (DPB) (Group 2, n=12) and hybrid of TEP and DPB (Group 3, n=12). At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the implants were harvested. X-ray radiographic and histological examinations were performed.ResultsThe findings suggested that the radiographic score in TEP-DPB hybrided implantation (Group 3) was higher than TEP or DPB grafting only (p<0.05).But that was inconsistent with histological findings, which Group1 appeared to possess significantly higher bone formation than Group 2 (p<0.05) and Group3 has higher new bone volume than that of Group 2 (p<0.05).Conclusion We conclude that TEP is a promising alternative in repair of large irregular bone defect.DPB served as a 3D scaffold in combining TEP could provide mechanical support and shaping guide, but hinder new bone formation via TEP approach due to retard degradation.

Development of a Segmental Long-bone Defect Model in Sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-07 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Frayssinet ◽  
E. Asimus ◽  
G. Chanoit ◽  
P. Collard ◽  
A. Autefage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Long Bone Defect ◽  
Group 1

SummaryA 10 mm-long (Group #1) or 20 mmlong (Group #2) segmental osteoperiosteal defect was performed on the metatarsus of ten adult ewes (5+5). The goal of the study was to search for a critical size defect model leading to nonunion. The bone gap was maintained for three months with an internal fixation device involving two plates set in orthogonal planes. Radiological and histological examinations were performed on harvested metatarsal bones. Three months after surgery Group #1 animals showed obvious signs of bone healing without achieving complete union in all cases. Evidence of a healing process was not observed in Group #2 animals, and histological examination confirmed the complete failure of bone repair in the 20 mm gaps. These results are comparable to those of other authors who have concluded that a bone gap corresponding to 1.4 times the diaphyseal diameter overshoots physiological bone healing capacities. This long bone defect model showed good biological properties allowing callus settlement with minimal impairment in Group #1 and permitted weightbearing and unrestricted motion in the animals. Such a sheep model would be useful for testing hard tissue biomaterials, bone healing enhancement or further developed as an experimental nonunion model.Metatarsal diaphyseal defects (length: 10 or 20 mm) maintained with plates were performed in sheep in search of nonunion after a three-month period. Radiological and histological examinations showed that 10 mm gaps healed spontaneously while 20 mm gaps did not. These results are comparable to those of other authors who concluded that a diaphyseal defect whose length exceeds 1.4 times its diameter is unable to repair. The good biological properties exhibited by this defect model seem to be convenient for testing bone substitutes or bone healing enhancement techniques.

scholarly journals The combination of microfracture with induction of Wnt / β- Catenin pathway, leads to enhanced cartilage regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikitas P. Schizas ◽  
Olga Savvidou ◽  
Kalliopi Diamantopoulou ◽  
Stamatios Papadakis ◽  
Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction Microfracture does not lead to complete healing of full-thickness cartilage defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modifying Wnt/β-catenin signaling following microfracture, on the restoration of a full-thickness cartilage defect in a rabbit model. The modification of the canonical Wnt pathway was achieved through per os administration of lithium carbonate, which is an intracellular inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (Gsk3-β) and therefore induces Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Materials and methods Full-thickness cartilage defects of 4 mm in diameter were created in the patellar groove of the right femurs of 18 male New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into three groups of six (n = 6) based on post-surgery treatment differences, as follows: microfracture only (group 1), microfracture plus lithium carbonate 7 mM in the drinking water for 1 week (group 2), microfracture plus lithium carbonate 7 mM in the drinking water for 4 weeks (group 3). All animals were sacrificed 9 weeks after surgery. The outcome was assessed histologically, by using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) visual histological scale. Immunohistochemistry for type II collagen was also conducted. Results Statistical analysis of the histological ICRS scores showed that group 3 was significantly superior to group 1 in four out of six ICRS categories, while group 2 was superior to 1 in only two out of six. Conclusion The combination of microfracture and systematic administration of lithium carbonate 7 mM for 4 weeks shows statistically significant superiority in four out of six ICRS categories compared with microfracture only for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects in a rabbit experimental model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Immunosuppressive Therapy Use for Tracheal Transplantation with Trachea-Mimetic Bellows Scaffolds in a Rabbit Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Yeon Lee ◽  
Jeong Hun Park ◽  
Soo Jin Son ◽  
Mina Han ◽  
Gonhyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Tracheal Reconstruction ◽  
Tracheal Transplantation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Group 1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose cyclosporine, high-dose azathioprine, and a combination of low-dose cyclosporine and azathioprine after tracheal reconstruction by using a trachea-mimetic graft of polycaprolactone (PCL) bellows-type scaffold in a rabbit model. Twenty-four healthy New Zealand white rabbits were used in the study. All underwent circumferential tracheal replacement using tissue-engineered tracheal graft, prepared from PCL bellows scaffold reinforced with silicone ring, collagen hydrogel, and human turbinate mesenchymal stromal cell (hTMSC) sheets. The control group (Group 1) received no medication. The three experimental groups were given daily cyclosporine intramuscular doses of 10 mg/kg (Group 2), azathioprine oral doses of 5 mg/kg (Group 3), and azathioprine oral doses of 2.5 mg/kg plus cyclosporine intramuscular doses of 5 mg/kg (Group 4) for 4 weeks or until death. Group 1 had longer survival times compared to Group 2 or Group 3. Each group except for Group 1 experienced decreases in amount of nutrition and weight loss. In addition, compared with the other groups, Group 2 had significantly increased serum interleukin-2 and interferon-γ levels 7 days after transplantation. The results of this study showed that the administration of cyclosporine and/or azathioprine after tracheal transplantation had no beneficial effects. Furthermore, the administration of cyclosporine had side effects, including extreme weight loss, respiratory distress, and diarrhea. Therefore, cyclosporine and azathioprine avoidance may be recommended for tracheal reconstruction using a native trachea-mimetic graft of PCL bellows-type scaffold in a rabbit model.

Effect of intracisternal antithrombin III on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced arterial narrowing

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Vollmer ◽  
Kazuhiro Hongo ◽  
Neal F. Kassell ◽  
Hisayuki Ogawa ◽  
Tetsuya Tsukahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
White Male ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

✓ The ability of antithrombin III, an endogenous plasma glycoprotein, to reverse the arterial narrowing in a rabbit model of cerebral vasospasm was evaluated. The vasodilator activity of antithrombin III on rabbit arteries was first assessed in vitro using a myograph-arterial ring preparation. Antithrombin III (10 IU/ml) induced a 55.4% ± 2.66% (mean ± standard error of the mean) relaxation in basilar artery precontracted with serotonin (5-HT) in five specimens as compared with a 9.8% ± 1.6% relaxation of common carotid artery in six specimens. For in vivo analysis, 21 New Zealand White male rabbits were separated into three groups: Group 1 served as normal controls; Group 2 received a subarachnoid blood injection (SAH) and were sacrificed on Day 3 thereafter; and Group 3 animals were subjected to SAH, then received a 2-hour intracisternal infusion of antithrombin III (100 IU) in saline prior to sacrifice on Day 3. Basilar artery caliber was determined using a morphometric method to analyze perfusion-fixed arterial segments. Control basilar artery diameter in Group 1 was 0.64 ± 0.02 mm. In Group 2 a 27% reduction in arterial caliber to 0.47 ± 0.03 mm was observed by Day 3 post SAH (p < 0.0001). Group 3 animals had a mean basilar artery diameter of 0.68 ± 0.02 mm. This was significantly larger than the untreated SAH rabbits in Group 2 (p < 0.0001), but not different from control artery diameters in Group 1. The findings demonstrate that antithrombin III in saline has a significant ability to reverse delayed narrowing of the rabbit basilar artery after SAH.

scholarly journals Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric neurosurgery: safety and utility

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Giordano ◽  
Amir Samii ◽  
Anna C. Lawson McLean ◽  
Helmut Bertalanffy ◽  
Rudolf Fahlbusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Field ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE The use of high-field intraoperative MRI has been largely studied for the treatment of intracranial tumors in adult patients. In this study, the authors investigated the safety, advantages, and limitations of high-field iMRI for cranial neurosurgical procedures in pediatric patients, with particular attention to craniopharyngiomas and gliomas. METHODS The authors performed 82 surgical procedures in patients under 16 years of age (range 0.8–15 years) over an 8-year period (2007–2014) using iMRI. The population was divided into 3 groups based on the condition treated: sellar region tumors (Group 1), gliomas (Group 2), and other pathological entities (Group 3). The patients' pre- and postoperative neurological status, the presence of residual tumor, the number of intraoperative scans, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS In Group 1, gross-total resection (GTR) was performed in 22 (88%) of the procedures and subtotal resection (STR) in 3 (12%). In Group 2, GTR, STR, and partial resection (PR) were performed, respectively, in 15 (56%), 7 (26%), and 5 (18%) of the procedures. In Group 3, GTR was performed in 28 (93%) and STR in 2 (7%) of the procedures. In cases of craniopharyngioma (Group 1) and glioma (Group 2) in which a complete removal was planned, iMRI allowed localization of residual lesions and attainment of the surgical goal through further resection, respectively, in 18% and 27% of the procedures. Moreover, in gliomas the resection could be extended from partial to subtotal in 50% of the cases. In 17% of the patients in Group 3, iMRI enabled the identification and further removal of tumor remnants. There was no intra- or postoperative complication related to the use of iMRI despite special technical difficulties in smaller children. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the use of iMRI in children proved to be safe. It was most effective in increasing the extent of tumor resection, especially in patients with low-grade gliomas and craniopharyngiomas. The most prominent disadvantage of high-field iMRI was the limitation with respect to operative positioning due to the configuration of the surgical table.

scholarly journals Can fracture healing be accelerated by serum transfer in head trauma cases? An experimental head trauma model in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
Abdülkadir Sarı ◽  
Yaşar Mahsut Dinçel ◽  
Mehmet Ümit Çetin ◽  
Sevda İnan
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Long Bone Fractures ◽  
Serum Transfer ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the positive union effect caused by head trauma could be transferred between individuals. Materials and methods: Seventy-two male rats with an average weight of 375 g were used in this study and divided into four groups including 18 in each group. Group 1 consisted of serum donor rats that were exposed to head trauma, while Group 2 consisted of study rats with long bone fractures that were given the serum obtained from the rats in Group 1, Group 3 included control rats with isolated long bone fractures, and Group 4 included control rats with both head trauma and long bone fractures. For radiological evaluation, the ratio of the width of the callus to the width of the neighboring diaphysis was considered as the callus-to- diaphyseal ratio in the study and control groups. Histopathological and radiological evaluations was made on Days 10, 20, and 30. Results: In evaluation of the radiological data regarding the callus- to-diaphyseal ratio, Group 3 was found to have significantly lower radiological values than Group 4 on Day 10 (p=0.006). Group 2 had significantly higher values than Group 3 (p=0.02). On Day 20, Group 2 exhibited significantly higher radiological values than Group 3 (p=0.004), but lower than Group 4 (p=0.032). As for Day 30, Group 2 exhibited significantly higher radiological values than Group 3, but lower than Group 4 (p=0.001). In the evaluation of the Huo scores obtained for histopathological evaluation, there was no significant difference among the groups on Days 10, 20, and 30 (p=0.295, p=0.569, and p=0.729, respectively). Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the osteoinductive effect after head trauma can be transmitted between individuals by means of serum transfer.

scholarly journals The potential of chitosan combined with chicken shank collagen as scaffold on bone defect regeneration process in Rattus norvegicus

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Fitria Rahmitasari ◽  
Retno Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Elly Munadziroh
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Collagen Scaffold ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chitosan Scaffold ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group 1

Background: In the field of dentistry, alveolar bone damage can be caused by periodontal disease, traumatic injury due to tooth extraction, cyst enucleation, and tumor surgery. One of the ways to regenerate the bone defect is using graft scaffold. Thus, combination of chitosan and collagen can stimulate osteogenesis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the potential of chitosan combined with chicken shank collagen on bone defect regeneration process. Method: Twelve Rattus norvegicus were prepared as animal models in this research. A bone defect was intentionally created at both of the right and left femoral bones of the models. Next, 24 samples were divided into four groups, namely Group 1 using chitosan – collagen scaffold (50:50), Group 2 using chitosan collagen-scaffold (80:20), Group 3 using chitosan scaffold only, and Control Group using 3% CMC-Na. On 14th day, those animals were sacrificed, and histopathological anatomy examination was conducted to observe osteoclast cells. In addition, immunohistochemistry examination was also performed to observe RANKL expressions. Result: There was a significant difference in RANKL expressions among the groups, except between Group 3 using chitosan scaffold only and control group (p value > 0.05). The highest expression of RANKL was found in Group 1 with chitosan – collagen scaffold (50:50), followed by Group 2 with chitosan-collagen scaffold (80:20). Moreover, there was also a significant difference in osteoclast generation, except between Group 1 using chitosan – collagen scaffold (50:50) and Group 2 using chitosan-collagen scaffold (80:20), p value < 0.05; and between Group 3 using chitosan scaffold only and control group, p value > 0.05. Less osteoclast was found in the groups using chitosan – collagen scaffold (Group 1 and Group 2). Conclusion: Combination of chitosan and chicken shank collagen scaffold can improve regeneration process of bone defect in Rattus novergicus animals through increasing of RANKL expressions, and decreasing of osteoclast.

Sustained Delivery of Transforming Growth Factor β1 by Use of Absorbable Alginate Scaffold Enhances Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rabbit Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1441-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Pil Yoon ◽  
Chang-Hwa Lee ◽  
Jae Wook Jung ◽  
Hyun-Joo Lee ◽  
Yong-Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cuff Repair ◽  
Alginate Scaffold ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The failure rate for healing after rotator cuff repair is relatively high. Purpose: To establish a system for sustained release of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) using an alginate scaffold and evaluate the effects of the sustained release of TGF-β1 on rotator cuff healing in a rabbit model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Before the in vivo animal study, a standard MTS assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation and metabolic activity on the alginate scaffold. Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to confirm the capacity of the sustained release of TGF-β1-containing alginate scaffold. Once the in vitro studies were completed, bilateral supraspinatus tendon repairs were performed in 48 rabbits that were allocated to 3 groups (n = 16 each) (group 1, supraspinatus repair only; group 2, supraspinatus repair with TGF-β1 single injection; group 3, supraspinatus repair with TGF-β1 sustained release via an alginate-based delivery system). Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the quality of tendon-to-bone healing at 12 weeks after rotator cuff repair. Results: The cell proliferation rate of the alginate scaffold was 122.30% compared with the control (fresh medium) group, which confirmed that the alginate sheet had no cytotoxicity and enhanced cell proliferation. Additionally, the level of TGF-β1 was found to increase with time on the alginate scaffold. Biomechanically, group 3 exhibited a significantly heightened ultimate failure load compared with groups 1 and 2 (group 1, 74.89 ± 29.82 N; group 2, 80.02 ± 34.42 N; group 3, 108.32 ± 32.48 N; P = .011) and more prevalent midsubstance tear compared with group 1 ( P = .028). However, no statistical differences were found in the cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus tendon (group 1, 32.74 ± 9.38; group 2, 33.76 ± 8.89; group 3, 34.80 ± 14.52; P = .882) and ultimate stress (group 1, 2.62 ± 1.13 MPa; group 2, 2.99 ± 1.81 MPa; group 3, 3.62 ± 2.24 MPa; P = .317). Histologically, group 3 exhibited a significantly heightened modified total Bonar score (group 1, 5.00 ± 1.54; group 2, 6.12 ± 1.85; group 3, 7.50 ± 1.31; P = .001). In addition, the tendon-to-bone interface for group 3 demonstrated better collagen orientation, continuity, and organization, and the area of new fibrocartilage formation was more evident in group 3. Conclusion: At 12 weeks after rotator cuff repair, the authors found improved biomechanical and histological outcomes for sustained release of TGF-β1 using alginate scaffold in a rabbit model. Clinical Relevance: The alginate-bound growth factor delivery system might improve healing after rotator cuff repair in humans.

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