"It's not the combustion engine that's the problem, but the fossil fuel"

MTZ worldwide ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Norbert W. Alt
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine

scholarly journals Solution to Urban Air Pollution – Carbon Free Transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Jānis Kleperis ◽  
Biruta Sloka ◽  
Justs Dimants ◽  
Ilze Dimanta ◽  
Jānis Kleperis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
City Council ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The City

Abstract The analysis of the results of long-term air quality monitoring in Riga is presented, which shows that in city centre throughout the measurement time (2004-2014) according to the guidelines defined by the European Union directives and Latvian laws the limits of small particles PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are exceeded. From the nature of appearance of pollution and from the research of morphology and composition of fine dust particles it was concluded that in the city centre where the monitoring was performed the main air pollutants are caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The measures to reduce air pollution performed by two Action Programs (2004-2009; 2011-2015) of the City Council showed that there were only two possible ways to improve air quality in urban environment ‒ to decrease the number of traffic units and/or to decrease exhaust emissions from vehicles. From the analysis of energy consumption and resources used for it the conclusion was drawn that Latvia is dependent on fossil fuel import, especially in traffic sector (99 %). A new trend has been observed in Latvia ‒ the type of cars is changing: the number of gasoline cars rapidly decreases and number of diesel cars is growing. Both fuels in exhaust gases of second-hand cars are giving high emissions of fine particles (soot) and nitrogen oxides as compared with new cars; 72 % of cars on the roads of Latvia are more than 13 years old. The switch to bio-diesel can improve Latvian statistics according to CO2 reduction target for 2020 but not the concentration of PM10 and NO2 on streets with dense traffic. Therefore, to improve air quality in urban environment and simultaneously reduce the dependence of Latvia from fossil fuel import, a scenario is proposed for the changeover to zero-carbon technologies in transport and energy production. Hydrogen is analyzed from the point of view of availability of resources and commercialized technologies. The research of the public opinion was done because there is little awareness in society about hydrogen as energy carrier and simultaneously as fuel.

scholarly journals Sun, Wind and Waves: EV Fossil Fuel Use and Emissions on an Isolated, Oil-Dependent Hawaiian Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Katherine A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Renewable Power

Electric power grids in remote communities around the world tend to be highly oil-dependent, unlike large, interconnected grids. Consequently, self-contained power grids such as the Hawaiian Islands’ have become testbeds for aggressive renewable energy integration (PV, wind, and ocean energy) and transportation electrification. However, there remains a lack of critical analysis for remote communities to determine the benefits of transitioning from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). This case study examines the impacts of this transition to EVs and renewable power generation on fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions on the oil-dependent Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Average passenger EVs were found to consume seven times less fossil fuel (the equivalent of 66 gallons of gasoline (GGe), than their gasoline-powered counterparts (455 gallons) in 2020. Average EVs also cut emissions in half, (2 MTCO2 versus 4 MTCO2). Several renewable power and EV transition scenarios were modeled to assess impacts out to 2050. Fossil fuel use and emissions plummet with more clean power and increasing EV numbers. By 2045, in the most ambitious scenario, all gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles (passenger and freight) will consume a total of 8.8 billion GGe, and EVs 0.090 billion GGe (1%). ICE CO2 emissions will total 80 MMT, and EVs 4.4 MMT (5.5%). By 2050, the anticipated transition to electric passenger and freight vehicles combined with renewable power will lead to 99% less fossil fuel consumed, and 93% less CO2 emitted.

Effect of Biofuels on Quality of Engine Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Veselá ◽  
Martin Pexa ◽  
Jakub Mařík ◽  
Petr Valášek
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Analysis Engine

EU is heading to efforts to promote the use of biofuels. Biofuels are replaced fossil fuels only partially. They are produced by a mixture of fossil fuels and biofuels. For spark ignition engines, the most widely used biofuel E85, a fuel containing 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. The more biologist is contained in the fuel is thus suffer more from oil charge combustion engine. Therefore, in the paper presented a comparison of the properties of the oil filling when using of fossil fuels (currently contains a small amount of the fuel ethanol) and E85 biofuel. Were monitored passenger vehicle brand Saab 95, namely engine B235 R. From the car was removed a total of 10 samples of engine oil. One part of the samples were removed during operation of the internal combustion engine to the biofuel E85 and the second at operation of the internal combustion engine currently available fossil fuel BA95. The internal combustion engine is used for lubricating motor oil Mobil 1 0W-40th Analysis engine oil are focused on the evaluation of viscosity, density and lubricity.

Private Vehicles for Personal Transportation

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Future Emissions

In the United States, private personal transportation has become dominated by the automobile, a platform supported on four wheels and propelled by an internal combustion engine (ICE). Some of the reasons why this combination has emerged as the preferred choice are reviewed. Since urban air quality has become an issue, the ICE has kept pace with progressively more stringent exhaust-emissions regulations. Future emissions standards will encourage the use of alternative fuels and battery-electric propulsion. Looking far into the future, the depletion of fossil-fuel resources and/or definitive evidence that greenhouse gases are actually changing the global climate would foster a shift toward nuclear and solar energy. The automobile platform is compatible with such a shift. The ICE and the electric motor remain as potential motive sources, although they would face some difficult challenges.

scholarly journals Ocean Powered Hydrogen Oxygen Plant (OPHOP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
P. S. Mithun ◽  
J. Muhammed Sujah ◽  
A. P. Pranav Prathap ◽  
N. Ashik Muhammad ◽  
N. Nadir Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

This paper aims at describing a small scale prototype of ocean energy converter system for hydrogen production, promoting the opportunity of such installation in coastal areas. The process of producing hydrogen from sea-water identifies ocean energy as the most promising solution for electricity generation as well as hydrogen production. Hydrogen is considered as the most promising secondary sources, criticism arises from different sectors of the world since hydrogen production requires energy consumption. Present scenario of utilizing energy from fossil fuel for the production of hydrogen has to be avoided as part of sustainable development. Fuel demanding sectors such as transportation, demand for the increased hydrogen production, which is considered as energy carrier for future applications. Sustainable Engineering suggests utilization of environmentally friendly technologies argued that use of hydrogen to empower internal combustion engine vehicles as well as fuel cell vehicles, can satisfy the energy Thus the dependency on fossil fuel in automobile industry as well as for hydrogen which will contribute in increased hydrogen production. So this paper focuses on the production of hydrogen more economically as well as eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Environmentally Sustainable Wireless Track Recording Vehicle Strategy Towards Improving the Safety Standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry ◽  
Ali Akbar Shah ◽  
Zakir Shaikh ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Uqaili
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Measurement Units

Abstract Transportation is an integral part of modern society as it enhances the function of mobility leading to an important measure of a society’s success. Different modes of transport are used worldwide such as cars, trucks, airplanes, and trains. As much as the other modes of transport have developed over the centuries, the use of rail transport is growing increasingly as well. Debate wise the International Energy Agency have discussed the advantages and the future of railway to be a promising one. The implementation the green technology is becoming more prominent in the marketplace. In response to the existing need of making green products that can serve the green market demands, NCRA CMS Lab MUET has developed a Track Recording Vehicle (TRV) prototype as a substitution to the prevailing Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) operated Track Recording Vehicles. As the traditional Track Recording Vehicles are just mere trains equipped with the Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) which consume gallons of fossil fuel to operate. The developed TRV is an initiation of upcoming trend of portable instrumented TRV that operates with the rechargeable battery and is capable enough to determine track faults like squats and turn out frogs more efficiently than the existing ICE based TRVs using accelerometer module ADXL335 and logistic regression. The developed instrument was validated on an actual railway track. The result shows that the developed instrument can be used to determine the serviceability of the railway track, thus this strategy helps in improving the safety Standards.

Production of Biodiesel From Used Mustard Oil and Its Performance Analysis in Internal Combustion Engine

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljinder Singh ◽  
Jagdeep Kaur ◽  
Kashmir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Crude Oil Prices

Decline in fossil fuel resources along with high crude oil prices generated attention toward the development of fuel from alternate sources. Such fuel should be economically attractive and performance competent in order to replace the fossil fuel. Mustard oil from Indian mustard, Brassica campestris, is commonly used for cooking in Indian households and restaurants. Cooking produces spent mustard oil waste, which is generally drained as garbage. We explored the possibility of using such spent mustard oil for making biodiesel. Transesterification of spent oil was carried out using methanol and sulfuric acid (95%) as catalysts followed by bubble washing. Clear biodiesel was obtained from esterified oil after five bubble washings. Methyl ester formations were calculated by measuring its density at 15°C and viscosity at 40°C and were found to be 89 g/cm3 and 4.83 mm2/s, respectively. Studies on engine performance were conducted using a Prony brake internal combustion (IC) diesel engine using various blending ratios of biodiesel with commercial diesel. The fuel blends were evaluated for parameters such as speed of engine, fuel consumption, and torque against pure diesel. Brake power, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency were also measured. The results indicate that dual fuel with a blend of 8% biodiesel yielded good efficiency in the IC-diesel engines without the need for making any modifications in the engine.

scholarly journals Hybrid Electro Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Electric Propulsion System

Now-a-days, the environmental impact of automobiles is increasingly becoming one of the most important social issues. Major environmental impact is smog producing gases [2]. These gases emitted from the vehicles may pollute the air, water, soil and it results in acid rain, global warming, nausea and also leads to death. To meet current and future regulations with less emission of gases, alternative technologies like Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is being developed. A HEV is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system. These hybrid vehicles reduce the discharge of pollutants from the vehicles powered by fossil fuel. These vehicles are propelled by electric motors which is powered by the energy stored in the batteries [5]. The battery charges when the vehicle is in running condition. HEVs are fuel efficient and is good to the environment. It produces twice as many miles per gallon. The presence of this method is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Masterplan Sistem Smart Green Car Indonesia 2025 Menggunakan Konsep System Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Fran Setiawan ◽  
Syifa Fitriani ◽  
Citrasari Andadari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
System Engineering ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Stakeholder Identification ◽  
Stakeholder Requirement ◽  
Human Need

<p><em>In transportation activity, human need a transportation equipment such as car, motorcycle, plane, train, etc. As the number of urban population increase, the number of vehicle increase also, especially for country which has a big number of urban population like Indonesia. The more vehicle and private vehicle owned by urban population cause some effects. The first effect is air pollution that is caused by internal combustion engine gas emission that can give bad effect to human’s health. Second, the increasing consumption of fossil fuel which is one of unrenewable natural resources that we must keep the level of consumption so that we are not run out of fuel before it can be produced again. Third is the increasing of traffic accident which are caused by human error. Therefore, it is important to make a concept about future vehicle which is not use fossil fuel, environmentally friendly and equipped with smart system to prevent accidents. This research aim is to develop a car system concept which can help to solve this problem in Indonesia in 2025 using system engineering methodology from INCOSE which begin with need identification, stakeholder identification (context diagram), concept of operations (ConOps), stakeholder requirement (core functional matrix and QFD) and system architecting. The result of this research is a smart green car system masterplan in Indonesia in 2025.</em></p>

A Fuzzy Based Propulsion Selection for Fuel Efficiency in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debraj Bhattacharjee ◽  
Prabha Bhola ◽  
Pranab K. Dan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
On The Road

This article proposes a fuzzy based fuel-efficient propulsion selection logic for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in ‘Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET)’ driving cycle. Optimal utilisation of combustion engine, in HEV, reduces the fossil fuel consumption. This can be realized through an electronic control unit, embedded with effective propulsion selection logic that governs the power split device in series-parallel HEV. A propulsion control logic, based on the road gradeability, velocity, torque demand and vehicle battery state of charge (SOC) is presented in this article. A comparison with conventional propulsion selection logic based system shows that the HEV modelled with proposed fuzzy based one, results in better speed tracking with steep road grades, as it provides better torque supply at desired speed points. The analysis indicates a reduction in consumption of both the fossil fuel as well as the electrical fuel (SOC).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document