scholarly journals Pembuatan Masterplan Sistem Smart Green Car Indonesia 2025 Menggunakan Konsep System Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Fran Setiawan ◽  
Syifa Fitriani ◽  
Citrasari Andadari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
System Engineering ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Stakeholder Identification ◽  
Stakeholder Requirement ◽  
Human Need

<p><em>In transportation activity, human need a transportation equipment such as car, motorcycle, plane, train, etc. As the number of urban population increase, the number of vehicle increase also, especially for country which has a big number of urban population like Indonesia. The more vehicle and private vehicle owned by urban population cause some effects. The first effect is air pollution that is caused by internal combustion engine gas emission that can give bad effect to human’s health. Second, the increasing consumption of fossil fuel which is one of unrenewable natural resources that we must keep the level of consumption so that we are not run out of fuel before it can be produced again. Third is the increasing of traffic accident which are caused by human error. Therefore, it is important to make a concept about future vehicle which is not use fossil fuel, environmentally friendly and equipped with smart system to prevent accidents. This research aim is to develop a car system concept which can help to solve this problem in Indonesia in 2025 using system engineering methodology from INCOSE which begin with need identification, stakeholder identification (context diagram), concept of operations (ConOps), stakeholder requirement (core functional matrix and QFD) and system architecting. The result of this research is a smart green car system masterplan in Indonesia in 2025.</em></p>

scholarly journals Unconventionals in Europe: Best Practice vs. Worst Case - The Conflict Between Facts and Public Perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Burri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The World

Abstract In spite of great progress in energy efficiency and in the development of renewable energy the world is likely to need significant amounts of fossil fuel throughout this century and beyond (the share of fossil fuels in the world mix has remained at about 86% of primary energy from 1990 to today). Gas, being the by far cleanest fossil fuel is the ideal bridging fuel to a world with predominantly renewable supplies. Thanks to the recent perfection of unconventional technologies there is no shortage of gas for this bridging function for at least the next 100-200 years. EASAC and several other European Institutions, notably the German Academy of Technical Sciences (acatech) have in the last few years carried out expert studies to assess the alleged environmental risks of unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and production. All these studies have, in agreement with other competent studies worldwide, come to the conclusion that there exists no scientific reason for a ban on hydraulic fracturing. With good practices, clear standards and adequate control the method causes no enhanced risks to the environment or the health of humans. Special attention has to be paid to the surface handling of drilling and fracking fluids. In Europe alone many thousand frac jobs have been carried out by the industry in the last 60 years without any severe accidents. The mishaps in North America have largely been the cause of unprofessional operations and human error. Especially in places with high air pollution, like many megacities of Asia, natural gas has to be seen as a unique chance to achieve a rapid improvement of the air quality and a significant reduction of CO2 emissions. This is also true for Europe where especially the use of domestic natural gas brings important benefits to the environment. The alternative to gas is in many regions of the world an increased consumption of coal, with all negative consequences.

scholarly journals Solution to Urban Air Pollution – Carbon Free Transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Jānis Kleperis ◽  
Biruta Sloka ◽  
Justs Dimants ◽  
Ilze Dimanta ◽  
Jānis Kleperis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
City Council ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The City

Abstract The analysis of the results of long-term air quality monitoring in Riga is presented, which shows that in city centre throughout the measurement time (2004-2014) according to the guidelines defined by the European Union directives and Latvian laws the limits of small particles PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are exceeded. From the nature of appearance of pollution and from the research of morphology and composition of fine dust particles it was concluded that in the city centre where the monitoring was performed the main air pollutants are caused by internal combustion engine vehicles. The measures to reduce air pollution performed by two Action Programs (2004-2009; 2011-2015) of the City Council showed that there were only two possible ways to improve air quality in urban environment ‒ to decrease the number of traffic units and/or to decrease exhaust emissions from vehicles. From the analysis of energy consumption and resources used for it the conclusion was drawn that Latvia is dependent on fossil fuel import, especially in traffic sector (99 %). A new trend has been observed in Latvia ‒ the type of cars is changing: the number of gasoline cars rapidly decreases and number of diesel cars is growing. Both fuels in exhaust gases of second-hand cars are giving high emissions of fine particles (soot) and nitrogen oxides as compared with new cars; 72 % of cars on the roads of Latvia are more than 13 years old. The switch to bio-diesel can improve Latvian statistics according to CO2 reduction target for 2020 but not the concentration of PM10 and NO2 on streets with dense traffic. Therefore, to improve air quality in urban environment and simultaneously reduce the dependence of Latvia from fossil fuel import, a scenario is proposed for the changeover to zero-carbon technologies in transport and energy production. Hydrogen is analyzed from the point of view of availability of resources and commercialized technologies. The research of the public opinion was done because there is little awareness in society about hydrogen as energy carrier and simultaneously as fuel.

scholarly journals IoT and ICT based Smart Water Management, Monitoring and Controlling System: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Hajar Maseeh Yasin ◽  
Subhi R. M. Zeebaree ◽  
Mohammed A. M. Sadeeq ◽  
Siddeeq Y. Ameen ◽  
Ibrahim Mahmood Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
System A ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Human Need

Water is a basic human need in all economic operations. Farmland, renewable energy, the industrial industry, and mining are all critical economic areas. Water supplies are under severe strain. With the population increase, the requirement for water from competing economic sectors is increased. So, there is not enough water left to meet human needs and maintain environmental flows that maintain the integrity of our ecosystems. Underground water is becoming depleted in many sectors, making now and future generations near the point of being deprived of protection from the increasing climate variability. Therefore, the critical role that information technology methods and internet communication technologies (ICT) play in water resources managing to limit the excessive waste of fresh water and to control and monitor water pollution. In this paper, we have to review research that uses the internet of things (IoT) as a communication technology that controls the preservation of the available amount of water and not wastes it by homeowners and farmers. In contrast, they use water, and we have also reviewed some researches that preserve water quality and reduce its pollution.

The Use of Human Factors Principles in Power Plant Design

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
James A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
Generating System

The achievement of maximum electric power plant availability has, in the past decade, become a matter of economic necessity, and recently, a matter of increasing political necessity. It has been estimated by knowledgeable utility personnel that the average fossil fuel steam generating system currently has an availability level of approximately 70 percent and that 50 percent of the lost availability is due to human error. It has further been determined that many of these errors are situation induced. The causitive problem is then the design process.

scholarly journals Sun, Wind and Waves: EV Fossil Fuel Use and Emissions on an Isolated, Oil-Dependent Hawaiian Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Katherine A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Renewable Power

Electric power grids in remote communities around the world tend to be highly oil-dependent, unlike large, interconnected grids. Consequently, self-contained power grids such as the Hawaiian Islands’ have become testbeds for aggressive renewable energy integration (PV, wind, and ocean energy) and transportation electrification. However, there remains a lack of critical analysis for remote communities to determine the benefits of transitioning from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). This case study examines the impacts of this transition to EVs and renewable power generation on fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions on the oil-dependent Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Average passenger EVs were found to consume seven times less fossil fuel (the equivalent of 66 gallons of gasoline (GGe), than their gasoline-powered counterparts (455 gallons) in 2020. Average EVs also cut emissions in half, (2 MTCO2 versus 4 MTCO2). Several renewable power and EV transition scenarios were modeled to assess impacts out to 2050. Fossil fuel use and emissions plummet with more clean power and increasing EV numbers. By 2045, in the most ambitious scenario, all gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles (passenger and freight) will consume a total of 8.8 billion GGe, and EVs 0.090 billion GGe (1%). ICE CO2 emissions will total 80 MMT, and EVs 4.4 MMT (5.5%). By 2050, the anticipated transition to electric passenger and freight vehicles combined with renewable power will lead to 99% less fossil fuel consumed, and 93% less CO2 emitted.

Effect of Biofuels on Quality of Engine Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Veselá ◽  
Martin Pexa ◽  
Jakub Mařík ◽  
Petr Valášek
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Analysis Engine

EU is heading to efforts to promote the use of biofuels. Biofuels are replaced fossil fuels only partially. They are produced by a mixture of fossil fuels and biofuels. For spark ignition engines, the most widely used biofuel E85, a fuel containing 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. The more biologist is contained in the fuel is thus suffer more from oil charge combustion engine. Therefore, in the paper presented a comparison of the properties of the oil filling when using of fossil fuels (currently contains a small amount of the fuel ethanol) and E85 biofuel. Were monitored passenger vehicle brand Saab 95, namely engine B235 R. From the car was removed a total of 10 samples of engine oil. One part of the samples were removed during operation of the internal combustion engine to the biofuel E85 and the second at operation of the internal combustion engine currently available fossil fuel BA95. The internal combustion engine is used for lubricating motor oil Mobil 1 0W-40th Analysis engine oil are focused on the evaluation of viscosity, density and lubricity.

Private Vehicles for Personal Transportation

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Future Emissions

In the United States, private personal transportation has become dominated by the automobile, a platform supported on four wheels and propelled by an internal combustion engine (ICE). Some of the reasons why this combination has emerged as the preferred choice are reviewed. Since urban air quality has become an issue, the ICE has kept pace with progressively more stringent exhaust-emissions regulations. Future emissions standards will encourage the use of alternative fuels and battery-electric propulsion. Looking far into the future, the depletion of fossil-fuel resources and/or definitive evidence that greenhouse gases are actually changing the global climate would foster a shift toward nuclear and solar energy. The automobile platform is compatible with such a shift. The ICE and the electric motor remain as potential motive sources, although they would face some difficult challenges.

scholarly journals Understanding the Multi-Faceted Drivers of Increasing Coal Consumption in Indonesia

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Robi Kurniawan ◽  
Gregory P. Trencher ◽  
Achmed S. Edianto ◽  
Imam E. Setiawan ◽  
Kazuyo Matsubae
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Urban Population Growth

To meet the Paris Agreement’s climate mitigation objectives, there is an urgent global need to reduce coal combustion. Yet coal usage, particularly in the power sector, is rising in many developing countries. Indonesia is a notable example. While government policy is widely considered as the principle driver of Indonesia’s increasing coal consumption, studies have largely overlooked the influence of socioeconomic forces. To understand these effects, we utilize a decomposition analysis to capture the individual effect of five drivers of coal consumption in Indonesia over 1965 to 2017: (1) the energy mix, (2) energy intensity of GDP, (3) population, (4) urbanization, and (5) urban incomes. Results show the energy mix has exerted the largest effect on coal consumption. In addition, by accounting for other socio-economic influences, we found that other less appreciated factors have contributed to rising coal consumption. In order of contribution these were the urban economic effect, the growing relative share of urban population, and the population increase itself in absolute terms. We thus demonstrate that the drivers of growing coal consumption are multi-faced, complex and intertwined. Our findings show that developing nations such as Indonesia share a need to decouple urban population growth and increasing per capita wealth from fossil fuel (and coal) emissions.

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