scholarly journals Factors Contributing to the Efficacy-Effectiveness Gap in the Case of Orphan Drugs for Metabolic Diseases

Drugs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 1461-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Schuller ◽  
C. E. M. Hollak ◽  
C. C. Gispen-de Wied ◽  
V. Stoyanova-Beninska ◽  
M. Biegstraaten
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Orphan Drugs

scholarly journals Clinical experience with orphan drugs for rare metabolic diseases

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Caso-González ◽  
Jesica Núñez-Rodríguez ◽  
María-José Nebot-Villacampa ◽  
Yared González-Pérez ◽  
Raquel Marín-Gorricho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Orphan Drugs

Mitochondria microcrystals deposition in some inherited diseases of lipid metabolism.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
S. Laoussadi ◽  
A. Kahan ◽  
G. Aubouy ◽  
F. Delbarre
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Lipid Storage Disease ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Mean Size

Several patients with Fabry's, Gaucher's diseases and hyperlipoproteinemia type II and with arthropatic manifestations were observed.As no histological explanation for these symptoms was available,an ultrastructural study of synovial tissue was done to establish an anatomoclinical relation.Material and Methods :synovial membrane samples were obtained by needle biopsies of the knee from three patients with arthropatic manifestations of each disease.They were fixed in 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% osmium tetraoxyde and embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections coloured by uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with an Elmiskop I Siemens electron microscope.Two important phenomena were observed in synovial tissue:Specific patterns of each lipid storage disease,which are now well known.In all the three metabolic diseases, hydroxyapatite-like crystals were found. They are characterized by their intramitochondrial localization, without any relation with cristae,an anarchic disposition and a mean size of 550 A.Crystals may be found also free in the cytoplasm of synoviocytes Some micrographs suggest an evolution in four steps :a. mitochondria with only a few microcrystalsb. mitochondria stuffed with these structuresc. disruption of mitochondria membranesd. microcrystals appear free in the cytoplasm

Investigation analysis of metabolic diseases-associated indexes in Chongqing children

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S70-S70
Author(s):  
Xiaoping WEI ◽  
Lan LIU ◽  
Jie CHEN ◽  
Youxue LIU ◽  
Yang BI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases

Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Muin Fardoun ◽  
Dina Maaliki ◽  
Nabil Halabi ◽  
Rabah Iratni ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

Adipokines as key players in β cell function and failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2317-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Banoy ◽  
James C. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

Abstract The growing prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2D), has increased the interest in adipose tissue (AT) and its role as a principal metabolic orchestrator. Two decades of research have now shown that ATs act as an endocrine organ, secreting soluble factors termed adipocytokines or adipokines. These adipokines play crucial roles in whole-body metabolism with different mechanisms of action largely dependent on the tissue or cell type they are acting on. The pancreatic β cell, a key regulator of glucose metabolism due to its ability to produce and secrete insulin, has been identified as a target for several adipokines. This review will focus on how adipokines affect pancreatic β cell function and their impact on pancreatic β cell survival in disease contexts such as diabetes. Initially, the “classic” adipokines will be discussed, followed by novel secreted adipocyte-specific factors that show therapeutic promise in regulating the adipose–pancreatic β cell axis.

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

Erfordernisse, Defizite und Gelingensbedingungen patientenzentrierter Versorgungsforschung bei Seltenen Erkrankungen

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Nowak ◽  
A. Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Orphan Drugs ◽  
Seltene Erkrankungen ◽  
Therapeutische Optionen ◽  
Ca 50

ZusammenfassungAls selten werden Erkrankungen mit einer Prävalenz < 5/10 000 bezeichnet. In Deutschland leben ca. 4 Millionen Menschen mit einer der ca. 7 000–9 000 Seltenen Erkrankungen (SE). Patienten brauchen z. T. Jahre bis zur richtigen Diagnose. Es fehlen kompetente und strukturierte Behandlungseinrichtungen, qualitätsgeprüfte Informationen und meist auch kurative therapeutische Optionen. Ca. 80 % der Erkrankungen haben eine genetische Pathogenese, ca. 50 % manifestieren früh oder – aufgrund der hohen Sterblichkeit – sogar ausschließlich im Kindesalter. Die Versorgung verlangt regelhaft einen interdisziplinären, multiprofessionellen und sektorenübergreifenden Ansatz. Das Nationale Aktionsbündnis für Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen (NAMSE) hat die Versorgungsforschung (VF) bei SE als eine wichtige Maßnahme identifiziert. Prioritär sollten allerdings Fragestellungen untersucht werden, die sowohl hochspezifisch für SE als auch von hoher Versorgungsrelevanz sind. Hierzu gehören die Umsetzung des NAMSE-Zentrenmodells und die Anwendung von Orphan Drugs. VF bei SE muss sich mit besonderen komplexen Herausforderungen, u. a. der geringen Zahl von Clustern, auseinandersetzen. Deshalb sind geeignete VF-Ressourcen an Zentren für Seltene Erkrankungen unabdingbar.

Stiripentol, Eslicarbazepinacetat & Co.

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
M. Landgraf ◽  
S. Syrbe ◽  
A. Merkenschlager ◽  
M. K. Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Kinder Und Jugendliche ◽  
Orphan Drugs

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen sechs Jahren wurden in Deutschland sechs neue Antikonvulsiva zugelassen: Pregabalin, Rufinamid, Zonisamid, Lacosamid, Stiripentol und Eslicarbazepin-acetat. Teilweise handelt es sich um Substanzen, die über neue Mechanismen ihre erregungshemmende Wirkung entfalten, teilweise um die Weiterentwicklung bestehender Antikonvulsiva. Diese neuen Medikamente sind bislang entweder nur bei Erwachsenen oder als sogenannte Orphan Drugs nur sehr eingeschränkt zugelassen.Im Folgenden werden die genannten neuen Antikonvulsiva hinsichtlich ihrer Zulassungen, Wirkmechanismen und Nebenwirkungsprofile kurz charakterisiert. Die vor allem für Kinder und Jugendliche relevanten bisherigen Studiendaten werden genannt.Diese neuesten Antikonvulsiva dürften vor allem als Zusatztherapie auch in der Pädiatrie künftig vielversprechende Therapieoptionen bieten.

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