Association of socio-economic status and dietary habits with early childhood caries among 3- to 5-year-old children of Belgaum city

Background: We have recently shown that there is a positive correlation between severe caries and developing psychomotor deficiency in preschool children. To fully re-assess such a relationship, we embarked on a 3-year longitudinal follow-up study of kindergarteners, where we aimed to: (i) confirm whether early childhood caries is causally related to the development of psychomotor deficiency as proposed, and (ii) address any significant role or contribution of socio-economic status associated with caries–psychomotor interactions in the preschooler family cohorts studied, over time. Methods: A longitudinal study was designed where the total sum of 159 kindergarteners aged 3–6 from the central and southern regions of Taiwan were randomly selected and recruited for clinical examination of caries, together with questionnaires for personal, demographic and dietary information, socio-economic status, and the children’s psychomotor development scales which were collected and analyzed over time. Student’s t test, chi-squared test, correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis with R2 determinants were employed to assess any attributable differences (of 0~1) between SES vs. psychomotor manifests and caries measured among all variables computed. Results: The results of our preliminary analyses show that: (i) there was likely a causal relationship between caries activities and aspects of general development scale via the Chinese Child Development Inventory over time (4.01 ± 3.47 vs. 5.88 ± 2.58, respectively) in the 3–6-year-old preschoolers, and (ii) there was significantly more attributable influence (via higher R-squared values) from SES and psychomotor manifests than that of caries and the Chinese Child Development Inventory counterparts, as detected over time. Conclusion: Collectively, the resulting analyses support our previous findings and confirm that there is likely a causal relationship between severe caries and psychomotor deficiency in growing preschoolers; the resulting analyses revealed that such causally related interactions may be attributably explainable by a content-reliant association via socio-economic status analyzed in the kindergartener family cohorts studied. Thus, the socio-economic status or its constituents/factors will have a much broader influence not only associated with developing early childhood caries (a biologic trait), but also for psychomotor deficiency (a social trait) in vulnerable children at risk.

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Fine-Mapping of Xq25.1–27.2 Shows Association of Early Childhood Caries with Genetic Variants Depending on Dietary Habits, Protecting Children Who Drink Milk before Going to Bed

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000495975 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 333-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zerrin Abbasoğlu ◽

Diego G. Bussaneli ◽

İlknur Tanboğa ◽

Indiara W. Henn ◽

Adriana Modesto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Chromosome Region ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Design Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic, infectious disease that affects the primary dentition of young children. It is the result of unequal contributions of risk factors and protective factors that influence the disease. The aim of this study was to assess if the X chromosome region previously linked to caries was associated with ECC. Two hundred and fifty-nine unrelated children with no chronic illnesses from 2 to 5 years of age who had no systemic fluoride consumption were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Data on oral habits were obtained through a questionnaire, and caries experience data were collected by clinical examination. Twenty-three markers in ten genes were studied. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Regression analyses were performed comparing individuals with and without caries experience. Of 259 subjects, 123 were caries free. The markers in Xq25.1–27.2 were associated with ECC when children were using milk bottle for longer times (p = 0.01) and had more snacks over the course of a day (p = 0.05). Conversely, the markers in the X chromosome studied here were protective for ECC (p = 0.008) in children consuming milk before going to sleep. The genes located in the X chromosome possibly contribute to ECC and have an impact on ECC depending on the dietary habits.

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CARIES STATUS EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES IN INDONESIAN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS : Study In SDLB Central Java

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.2.2.4-10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sandy Christiono ◽

R Rama Putranto

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Special Needs ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Economic Status ◽

World Health ◽

Children With Special Needs ◽

Central Java ◽

Correlation Result ◽

Health Organization ◽

Childhood Caries

Background: The prevalence of ECC (Early Childhood Caries) is still problem in Indonesian, especially in children with special needs. Unstable economic development leads to a poorer economic situation and may have an impact on increasing the prevalence of ECC. This study aimed to investigate the Caries Status of ECC in children with special needs and its association with sociodemografi and parental socioeconomic circumstances in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesian.Method: This research was conducted in SDLB using questionnaire and Using World Health Organization for diagnosis of caries. Informed consent from parents was obtained. The study sample was 21 children aged 3-6 years which consisted of 12 boys and 9 girls. Data were tested by Spearman correlation. Result: The result showed that 85.7% of the children had ECC. The result also showed significant association between ECC in the child and the age of the mother (r= 0.453, p=0.018), education level of the mother (r=0.741, p=0.0001), social status (r=0.807, p=0.0061) and other income (r=0.527, p=0.050). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there was a significant association between caries status of a young child and the age of the mother, the socio-economic status and other income.

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Early childhood caries among premature children enrolled in WIC: A retrospective case - Controlled study

Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports ◽

10.52768/2766-7820/1079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Alison R Christensen ◽

◽

Fang Qian ◽

Karin Weber-Gasparoni ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Full Term ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Childhood Caries

Purpose: To investigate the association between premature birth and Early Childhood Caries (ECC) experience, while secondarily evaluating factors that may influence development of caries. Methods: Data collected from patients enrolled at the University of Iowa’s Infant Oral Health Program consisted of prenatal history, child’s demographics, neonatal history, oral hygiene, dietary habits, and clinical findings (visible plaque, enamel defects, and caries). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were utilized (alpha=0.05). Results: Four hundred and ninety eight randomly matched premature and full-term subjects were included (mean age=21 months [range: 6-71 months]; 51.4% males and 38.9% African Americans). Bivariate analysis revealed no significant differences existed regarding cavitated and non-cavitated caries experience between full-term and premature subjects. Additionally, compared to their counterparts, premature subjects were more likely to eat cariogenic snacks between meals (P=0.028), drink cariogenic beverages >2 times per day (P=0.027), not have their teeth brushed daily (P<0.001), and less likely to have seen a dentist (P=0.04). Logistic regression analysis showed that showed number of teeth present (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.10-1.39 ; P<0.001) and visible plaque on maxillary incisors (OR=5.69, 95% CI: 2.22-14.55; p<0.001) to be significantly associated with ECC in premature subjects. Conclusions: While there was no evidence that prematurity was associated with ECC, premature subjects had cariogenic dietary behaviors and high-risk oral hygiene behaviors.

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Stages, risk factors and prevention of early childhood caries

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220049 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Ameera Ibrahim Amer ◽

Kholoud Saeed Almohammadi ◽

Omar Sami Al-Majed ◽

Sultan Hasan Al Harbi ◽

Rahmah Mutlaq Aljohani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Health It ◽

Poor Oral Hygiene ◽

Young Infants ◽

Health Related ◽

Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries is a common condition that affects children and young infants. In addition to the effect of the condition on the child's oral health, it has been furtherly shown that many systemic consequences are usually associated. Therefore, it has been reported that these conditions can significantly impair the quality of life of corresponding families based on economic and health-related burdens. Affected children usually present with variable degrees of the condition, and some complications might be associated. Many risk factors have been reported in the literature for developing the condition in children. These include the presence of certain bacterial pathogens (especially through vertical transmission), dietary habits, and poor oral hygiene. Evidence indicates that these risk factors significantly contribute to the development of early childhood caries and the importance of the child's socioeconomic status and his caregivers. Targeting these factors would significantly reduce the risk of developing the condition, in addition to fluoridation as suggested by various relevant investigations.

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Trends in caries experience and background factors in 3-year-old children in Poland: evidence from epidemiological surveys during 2002-2017

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Anna Turska-Szybka ◽

Urszula Kaczmarek ◽

Dariusz Gozdowski ◽

Jacek Tomczyk ◽

Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Fluoride Toothpaste ◽

Behavioural Changes ◽

Sugary Beverages ◽

Childhood Caries

Abstract The prevalence of early childhood caries and its level varies. The present study was to establish the trends in dental caries and the impact of behavioural changes on the prevalence of caries in three-yearolds in Poland within a fifteen-year period. The results of a cross sectional survey carried out on 3439 three-year-olds in 2002, 2009, and 2017 using WHO criteria for dental caries (dmft, dmft=0, dmft≥4) and the results of a questionnaire filled by their parents with data on sociodemographics, oral hygiene and dietary habits, especially their sugar intake, were assessed. The dmft/dmfs index is applied to the primary dentition and is expressed as the total number of teeth/surfaces that are decayed, missing, or filled. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to assess the fraction changes in time. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the changes in dmft trends and the correlations between behavioural changes, awareness levels, and the prevalence of caries. Within the fifteen-year period minimal changes in the prevalence of early childhood caries (15% down), dmft≥4 (11.4% down) and a lower dmft (36% down) were accompanied by a better parent awareness about the causes of caries and better oral hygiene routines. Sugary beverages were no longer drank at least once a day, however sweetened milk, cake, doughnuts, and sweet rolls were consumed more often. Being female, living in an urban area, having parents more aware about caries, consuming sugary beverages less frequently, brushing teeth twice a day, and using a fluoride toothpaste promoted lower early childhood caries. Gradually healthier teeth are linked to an increased awareness of the parents and healthier routines. A too frequent exposure to sugar promotes early childhood caries. Should the changes of dietary habits be insufficient, brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste becomes crucial.

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CARIOGENIC EFFECT OF DIETARY HABITS AMONG CARIES FREE AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES CHILDREN

Alexandria Dental Journal ◽

10.21608/adjalexu.2017.57858 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

Reham S. Soliman ◽

Ahmed Abdel Rahman ◽

Karin ML Dowidar

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Childhood Caries

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Early Childhood Caries in 3 to 5 Year Old Children in Trinidad and Tobago

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7010016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Tricia Percival ◽

Julien Edwards ◽

Salvacion Barclay ◽

Bidyadhar Sa ◽

Md Anwarul Azim Majumder

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Trinidad And Tobago ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Childhood Caries

Background: This study was done to evaluate the prevalence and contributory factors of early childhood caries (ECC) and severe ECC (S-ECC) among preschool children of Kindergartens and Early Childhood Centres in Trinidad and Tobago. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 342 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. The school staff distributed a structured questionnaire to the children to be completed by the mother. Clinical examinations were conducted by calibrated examiners. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 in all analyses. Results: The prevalence of ECC and S-ECC was 50.3% and 52.3%, respectively. Dietary and oral hygiene factors particularly with bottle feeding and high plaque levels were major contributors to dental caries in this population. Conclusion: ECC and S-ECC are significant issues that occur in preschool children in Trinidad and Tobago. The development of ECC and S-ECC can be attributed to certain environmental factors like dietary habits and oral hygiene practices. Early dental assessment, broad-based oral health education programmes, increased parental/guardian engagement during oral hygiene practices and greater access to facilities for early childhood caries prevention and management can help alleviate the problems of ECC and S-ECC in this population.

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Changes in Oral Health Behaviors Associated With a Nursing Intervention in Primary Care

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x19845923 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 2333794X1984592

Author(s):

Jennifer K. Cheng ◽

Abiola Faniyan ◽

Jenny Chan Yuen ◽

Tracy Myers ◽

Michelle Fleck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Oral Health ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Care Practice ◽

Oral Health Behaviors ◽

Childhood Caries

Objective. To describe changes in oral health behaviors following implementation of a nursing intervention targeting children at risk for early childhood caries at an urban 2-site primary care practice. Methods. Nurses used a proprietary Nursing Caries Assessment Tool (N-CAT) to identify behaviors associated with early childhood caries risk, then provided brief focused dental education, fluoride varnish applications, and dental referrals to children without a dental home. We used generalized estimating equation logistic regression models, adjusted for age at visit, to analyze changes in oral health behaviors over time including the following: (1) tooth brushing frequency, (2) use of fluoride toothpaste, and (3) adult help with brushing among children younger than 5 years of age who had at least 2 N-CATs documented during well care visits between April 2013 and June 2015. We also evaluated dietary habits including going to bed with a bottle or sippy cup and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, as secondary study outcomes during the same time frame. Results. A total of 2097 children with a mean age of 15.8 (SD 7.6) months at the initial visit were included in the analysis; 51% were boys; 28% were black, 36% Hispanic/Latino, 5% white, 2% Asian, and 19% other; 75% were publicly insured. During the study period, significant ( P < .05) improvements were noted across the 3 oral health behaviors studied among children younger than 18 months. Conclusion. Nursing interventions show promise for promoting preventive dental care in primary care settings and deserve further study.

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