scholarly journals The Impact of Educational Attainment on Black Women’s Obesity Rate in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenetta Denise Curry
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOver the last two decades, Black women have been disproportionately impacted by the obesity epidemic in the USA. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 56.6% of Black women are overweight or obese compared with 44.4% Hispanic and 32.8% of white women. Social scientists and public health researchers have argued that increasing educational attainment would lead to overall improvements in health outcomes. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, Cycles 1999–2010, I examined how educational attainment impacts Black women’s rate of obesity and C-reactive protein levels (N = 2685). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between body mass index (BMI) and educational attainment. C-reactive protein, inflammation response, was used to measure the body’s reaction to being exposed to stress. The results demonstrated that educational attainment among Black women does not decrease their risk of being obese or levels of C-reactive protein. This article provides evidence to support a need to increase awareness of health disparities that disproportionately impact Black women.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian women in teleworking

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Cláudia Aparecida Avelar Ferreira ◽  
Camila Álvares dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Public Management ◽  
White Women ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the personal, professional, and academic routines of female Brazilian teleworkers. This study aims to analyze the impact of teleworking on the lives of Brazilian women amid the pandemic. The method was a quantitative and exploratory approach, and an online cross-sectional survey conducted with 478 women. The results showed a positive correlation between academic routines and teleworking (p < 0.05; r > 0.00) and a significant association between emotional health and academic routines (p < 0.001). Black women were shown to expend more effort toward academic activities than White women (p < 0.044). The study results contribute to the social sciences by demonstrating the impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian women in teleworking and indicate potential implications for policy formulation and public management in Brazil.

scholarly journals Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and C reactive protein among middle-aged community residents: a cross-sectional survey

Thorax ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Muraki ◽  
T. Tanigawa ◽  
K. Yamagishi ◽  
S. Sakurai ◽  
T. Ohira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Community Residents

scholarly journals Use of C-reactive protein level in diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Subash Pant ◽  
Sanjeet Krishna Shrestha ◽  
Lucky Sharma ◽  
Bibechana Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein

Background: C-reactive protein in both pleural fluid and serum has been found to be higher in tubercular pleural effusion than in other causes of pleural effusion. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to find out the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein in patients withlymphocytic pleural effusion. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 90 patients with pleural effusion who underwent thoracocentesis at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. The complete biochemical tests of pleural fluid and serum were performed. The C-reactive protein concentrations of both pleural fluid and serum were then measured from samples from patients with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion. Results: Ninety patients with exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion were included. Male patients were 56 (62.2%) and female were 34 (37.8%) with the male to female ratio of 1.64. Mean age of the patients was 51±21.54 (Mean ± Standard Deviation). The pleural fluid C-reactive protein levels in tubercular pleural effusion were higher (48.87±24.19 mg/dl) compared to non-tubercular group (38.30±17 mg/dl; p<0.001). Similarly, the serum fluid C-reactive protein levels in tubercular pleural effusion were higher (29.60±13mg/dl) compared to non-tubercular group (18.14±9.2mg/dl; p< 0.001). The sensitivity of pleural fluid C-reactive protein level in diagnosing tubercular pleural effusion was 86%. Conclusion: Simple and inexpensive test like C-reactive protein is useful in the diagnostic workup of lymphocytic pleural effusions. High C-reactive protein levels are very suggestive of tubercular pleural effusion.

scholarly journals The impact of C-reactive protein levels on headache frequency in the HUNT study 2006–2008

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Lars Jacob Stovner ◽  
Kristian Bernhard Nilsen ◽  
Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen ◽  
Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Increased high sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels have been found in many earlier studies on migraine, and recently also in persons with migraine and insomnia. The aim of this study was to see whether these findings could be reproduced in a large-scale population-based study. Methods A total of 50,807 (54%) out of 94,194 invited aged ≥20 years or older participated in the third wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study study performed in 2006–2008. Among these, 38,807 (41%) had valid measures of hs-CRP and answered questions on headache and insomnia. Elevated hs-CRP was defined as > 3.0 mg/L. The cross-sectional association with headache was estimated by multivariate analyses using multiple logistic regression. The precision of the odds ratio (OR) was assessed with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In the fully adjusted model, elevated hs-CRP was associated with migraine (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25) and migraine with aura (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.29). The association was strongest among individuals with headache ≥15 days/month for any headache (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08–1.48), migraine (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21–2.17), and migraine with aura (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.27–2.67). No clear relationship was found between elevated hs-CRP and headache less than 7 days/month or with insomnia. Conclusions Cross-sectional data from this large-scale population-based study showed that elevated hs-CRP was associated with headache ≥7 days/month, especially evident for migraine with aura.

scholarly journals Unequal Associations between Educational Attainment and Occupational Stress across Racial and Ethnic Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related

Background: Although other mechanisms are also involved, at least one reason high educational attainment (EA) is associated with better health is lower employment stress in individuals with high EA. Minorities’ Diminished Returns, however, refer to the smaller protective health effects of EA for racial- and ethnic-minority individuals, particularly African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics, as compared to Whites. We are, however, not aware of many studies that have explored differential associations between EA and work-related stress across racial and ethnic groups. Aims: We aimed to compare racial and ethnic groups for the association between EA and occupational stress in a national sample of American adults. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS 2015), a cross-sectional survey, included 15,726 employed adults. Educational attainment was the independent variable. Occupational stress was the outcome. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. Age, gender, number of jobs, and years in the job were the covariates. Results: Overall, higher EA was associated with lower levels of occupational stress. Race and ethnicity both interacted with EA, suggesting that the association between high EA and reduced occupational stress is systemically smaller for AAs and Hispanics than it is for Whites. Conclusions: In the United States, race and ethnicity limit the health gains that follow EA. While EA helps individuals avoid environmental risk factors, such as occupational stress, this is more valid for non-Hispanic Whites than AAs and Hispanics. The result is additional physical and mental health risks in highly educated AAs and Hispanics. The results are important, given racial and ethnic minorities are the largest growing section of the US population. We should not assume that EA is similarly protective across all racial and ethnic groups. In this context, EA may increase, rather than reduce, health disparities.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in C-Reactive Protein Concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Kelley-Hedgepeth ◽  
Donald M Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Alicia Colvin ◽  
Karen A Matthews ◽  
Janet Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein

Abstract Background: Limited data exist regarding the ethnic differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, an inflammatory marker associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that known CVD risk factors, including anthropometric characteristics, would explain much of the observed ethnic variation in CRP. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3154 women, without known CVD and not receiving hormone therapy, enrolled in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a multiethnic prospective study of pre- and perimenopausal women. Results: The study population was 47.4% white, 27.7% African-American, 8.5% Hispanic, 7.7% Chinese, and 8.6% Japanese; mean age was 46.2 years. African-American women had the highest median CRP concentrations (3.2 mg/L), followed by Hispanic (2.3 mg/L), white (1.5 mg/L), Chinese (0.7 mg/L), and Japanese (0.5 mg/L) women (all pairwise P &lt; 0.001 compared with white women). Body mass index (BMI) markedly attenuated the association between ethnicity and CRP. After adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, BMI, and other risk factors, African-American ethnicity was associated with CRP concentrations &gt;3 mg/L (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.07–1.75), whereas Chinese and Japanese ethnicities were inversely related (0.58, 0.35–0.95, and 0.43, 0.26–0.72, respectively). Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors, particularly BMI, account for much but not all of the ethnic differences in CRP concentrations. Further study is needed of these ethnic differences and their implications for the use of CRP in CVD risk prediction.

scholarly journals Impact of inflammation on the biomarkers of iron status in a cross-sectional survey of Lao women and children

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Knowles ◽  
David I. Thurnham ◽  
Bounthom Phengdy ◽  
Keonakhone Houamboun ◽  
Khamseng Philavong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Status ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
National Nutrition Survey ◽  
Women And Children

Anaemia is prevalent in South East Asia and Fe deficiency (ID) is considered to be the main cause, but the role of subclinical inflammation in the aetiology is uncertain. In the present study, we determined the influence of inflammation on the biomarkers of Fe status in women and children, and herein, we discuss the proportion of anaemia associated with ID. As part of the 2006 Lao People's Democratic Republic (The Lao PDR) National Nutrition Survey, blood collected from 482 young children and 816 non-pregnant women was analysed. Plasma ferritin, transferrin receptor (sTfR), Hb, C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations were measured. ID was assessed using ferritin concentrations ( < 12 (children) or < 15 (adults) μg/l), sTfR concentrations (>8·3 mg/l) and body Fe stores (BIS < 0). Elevated CRP (>5 mg/l) and/or AGP (>1 g/l) concentrations were used to categorise inflammation status in order to correct the Fe biomarkers for inflammation. Inflammation was present in 14 % of adults and 43 % of children. Anaemia was present in 37·6 % of both women (Hb concentrations < 120 g/l) and children (Hb concentrations < 110 g/l). Correcting ferritin concentrations for inflammation increased the prevalence of ID from 24·3 to 26 % for women and from 18 to 21 % for children (P< 0·001 for both). Ferritin concentrations were more helpful in detecting ID than sTfR concentrations or BIS, but regression analysis found that sTfr concentrations explained more of the variance in Hb concentrations in both women (20 %) and children (17 %) than ferritin concentrations (5 and 1·4 %, respectively). Nevertheless, the total variance in Hb concentrations explained was only 26 and 18 % in women and children, respectively, and other factors may be more important than ID in contributing to anaemia in The Lao PDR.

scholarly journals Does insomnia modify the association between C-reactive protein and migraine? The Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Laila A Hopstock ◽  
Anne Elise Eggen ◽  
Ellisiv B Mathiesen ◽  
Kristian Bernhard Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Migrainous Headache

Background The relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and migraine is unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to investigate the association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and types of headache, and to evaluate the impact of insomnia on this association. Methods A total of 20,486 (63%) out of 32,591 invited, aged ≥40 years or older, participated in the seventh wave of the Tromsø study conducted in 2015–2016 and had valid information on headache, insomnia and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. The influence of insomnia on the association between questionnaire-based diagnoses of headache and elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein defined as >3.0 mg/L was assessed using multiple logistic regression, estimating prevalence odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 6290 participants (30.7%) suffered from headache during the last year. Among these, 1736 (8.5%) fulfilled the criteria of migraine, 991 (4.8%) had migraine with aura, 746 (3.6%) migraine without aura (3.8%), and 4554 (22.2%) had non-migrainous headache. In the final multi-adjusted analysis, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein was associated with headache (odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.20), migraine (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.35), and migraine with aura (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.53). No association was found between elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein and migraine without aura or non-migrainous headache. The association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and migraine was strongly dependent on insomnia status. Among individuals with insomnia, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein was associated with migraine (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.02–2.17), and migraine with aura (odds ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.45), whereas no such relationship was found among those without insomnia. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, participants with migraine, in particular migraine with aura, were more likely to have elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, evident only among those with insomnia.

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