scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae isolates affecting stone fruits and almond in Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Popović ◽  
Jelena Menković ◽  
Anđelka Prokić ◽  
Nevena Zlatković ◽  
Aleksa Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genomic Species

AbstractIn Montenegro, stone fruit species are grown on intensive and semi-intensive commercial plantations. However, almond production is mainly organized on family gardens and for household consumption. During two seasons (2017–2018), we surveyed apricot, peach, nectarine, sweet cherry, Japanese plum, and almond orchards for the presence of bacterial diseases at different geographical locations in Montenegro. From leaf, petiole and fruit lesions, branch or twig cankers, and necrotizing buds, a total of 29 isolates were obtained and subjected to identification based on their morphological, pathogenic, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by reproducing the symptoms on leaves, fruits, and twigs of the corresponding host plants. The biochemical tests indicated that the isolates belong to Pseudomonas syringae. However, isolates’ characterization showed variation in their phenotypic and molecular features. The presence of the syrB gene and ice nucleation activity grouped most of the isolates within pathovar syringae. The results of rep-PCR using the BOX primer revealed high genetic diversity of isolates. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), using four housekeeping genes, showed that 27 isolates belong to the genomic species 1, P. syringae sensu stricto, corresponding to P. syringae phylogroup 2. However, isolates from the same phylogroup 2 did not form a monophyletic group. One strain isolated from apricot was most distinct and similar to members of genomic species 2, phylogroup 3. All tested isolates showed significant levels of resistance to copper sulfate and high level of sensitivity to streptomycin sulfate in vitro.

scholarly journals Clinical, Hematologic, Biologic and Molecular Characteristics of Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and a Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-Like Phenotype

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Sonja Heibl ◽  
Bettina Gisslinger ◽  
Eva Jäger ◽  
Agnes Barna ◽  
Michael Gurbisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm ◽  
Jak2 V617f ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Patients with a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) sometimes show a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)-like phenotype but, according to the 2016 WHO classification, a documented history of an MPN excludes the diagnosis of CMML. Forty-one patients with an MPN (35 polycythemia vera (PV), 5 primary myelofibrosis, 1 essential thrombocythemia) and a CMML-like phenotype (MPN/CMML) were comprehensively characterized regarding clinical, hematologic, biologic and molecular features. The white blood cell counts in MPN/CMML patients were not different from CMML patients and PV patients. The hemoglobin values and platelet counts of these patients were higher than in CMML but lower than in PV, respectively. MPN/CMML patients showed myelomonocytic skewing, a typical in vitro feature of CMML but not of PV. The mutational landscape of MPN/CMML was not different from JAK2-mutated CMML. In two MPN/CMML patients, development of a CMML-like phenotype was associated with a decrease in the JAK2 V617F allelic burden. Finally, the prognosis of MPN/CMML (median overall survival (OS) 27 months) was more similar to CMML (JAK2-mutated, 28 months; JAK2-nonmutated 29 months) than to PV (186 months). In conclusion, we show that patients with MPN and a CMML-like phenotype share more characteristics with CMML than with PV, which may be relevant for their classification and clinical management.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Burkholderia gladioli from Orchids in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Keith ◽  
Kelvin T. Sewake ◽  
Francis T. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Gene Testing ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Burkholderia Gladioli

Bacterial diseases of orchids continue to be serious problems. Bacterial strains were isolated from orchid plants exhibiting disease symptoms in Hawaii. Small to large leaf spots with or without water-soaking or soft rots were observed on various orchid genera, including Dendrobium, Oncidium, and Miltonia spp. and hybrids. Bacteria isolated and cultured from the lesions were tentatively identified using analytical profile index (API) strips and standard physiological and biochemical tests, and confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The variation in pathogenic, morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics of the orchid isolates also was evaluated. In our studies, a gramnegative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that produced pale yellow, opaque, round colonies with entire margins on nutrient broth yeast extract agar (NBY) was isolated consistently from diseased orchid plants. On yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar, the isolates produced brownishyellow, nonmucoid colonies, with the majority of the strains secreting a diffusible yellow or tan pigment into the media. The bacterium was identified as Burkholderia gladioli. Molecular analysis indicated very little diversity in the 16S rDNA gene. Testing B. gladioli isolates using media containing copper or streptomycin indicated varying levels of resistance (copper resistant = Cur; streptomycin resistant, Smr), with approximately 75% of the strains resistant to copper and 94% of the strains resistant to streptomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cupric sulfate among Cur strains ranged from 50 to 1,000 μg/ml and the MIC of streptomycin was 50 to 100 μg/ml for all Smr B. gladioli strains tested. Field and laboratory data suggest the frequent use of these chemicals in nurseries may have inadvertently resulted in the development of copper and streptomycin resistance in B. gladioli from orchids.

scholarly journals Factors Determining the Susceptibility of Bacteria to Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rapacka-Zdończyk ◽  
Agata Woźniak ◽  
Klaudia Michalska ◽  
Michał Pierański ◽  
Patrycja Ogonowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Light Delivery ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Excellent Method

Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (aPDI) is an excellent method to destroy antibiotic-resistant microbial isolates. The use of an exogenous photosensitizer or irradiation of microbial cells already equipped with endogenous photosensitizers makes aPDI a convenient tool for treating the infections whenever technical light delivery is possible. Currently, aPDI research carried out on a vast repertoire of depending on the photosensitizer used, the target microorganism, and the light delivery system shows efficacy mostly on in vitro models. The search for mechanisms underlying different responses to photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is an essential issue in aPDI because one niche (e.g., infection site in a human body) may have bacterial subpopulations that will exhibit different susceptibility. Rapidly growing bacteria are probably more susceptible to aPDI than persister cells. Some subpopulations can produce more antioxidant enzymes or have better performance due to efficient efflux pumps. The ultimate goal was and still is to identify and characterize molecular features that drive the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. To this end, we examined several genetic and biochemical characteristics, including the presence of individual genetic elements, protein activity, cell membrane content and its physical properties, the localization of the photosensitizer, with the result that some of them are important and others do not appear to play a crucial role in the process of aPDI. In the review, we would like to provide an overview of the factors studied so far in our group and others that contributed to the aPDI process at the cellular level. We want to challenge the question, is there a general pattern of molecular characterization of aPDI effectiveness? Or is it more likely that a photosensitizer-specific pattern of molecular characteristics of aPDI efficacy will occur?

Epigenetic Mechanisms of Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. SCI-44-SCI-44
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Rando
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Functional Features

Abstract For most tissues, stem cell numbers decline negligibly with age; nevertheless, there is an age-dependent decline in stem cell functionality. Many molecular, biochemical, and functional features of stem cells have been characterized across a broad range of tissues, and these changes have been assumed to be largely irreversible and inevitable accompaniments of aging. However, in studies both in vivo and in vitro we have demonstrated a reversibility of the functional and, in some cases, molecular characteristics of aged stem cells. Supported by compelling data from studies of heterochronic parabiotic pairings of mice, it is clear that the aged phenotype can be modified when aged cells are exposed to a youthful systemic milieu. These findings challenge the fundamental tenet of aging as an irreversible process and raises the question of whether, or to what extent, the aged phenotype is epigenetically determined. We have begun to examine the epigenetic profiles of young, old, and “rejuvenated” old stem cells to attempt to define youthfulness and aging in epigenetic terms. To the extent that aging can be “reprogrammed” back to youthfulness in somatic tissues, it has parallels to the resetting of the aging clock that occurs with somatic cell nuclear transfer. Elucidating the underlying molecular features, both genetic and epigenetic, of aged stem cells will provide a framework for understanding the fundamental molecular mechanisms of aging and the mechanisms by which environmental influences, such as those that occur in the setting of heterochronic parabiosis, can reverse the mechanisms of aging. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Effects of gamma ray on some molecular characteristics of in vitro regenerated Gerbera jamesonii Bolus

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Nazma Akter ◽  
RH Sarker ◽  
MI Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii

DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7490Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(2): 207-214, 2010 (December)

THE ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM SPECIES AND INTERSPECIES HYBRIDS OF THE Mentha GENUS AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Tomasz M. Staniek ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Beata Dasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Interspecies Hybrids

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.

Utilization of Different Seedling Explants for in Vitro Propagation of Hibiscus syriacus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 478e-479
Author(s):  
M.M. Jenderek ◽  
A.J. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Adventitious Bud Formation ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus is a difficult species in micropropagation due to its endogenous contamination and recalcitrant shoot formation; therefore, studies on using explants other than shoot tip or axillary buds of growing shrubs were initiated. Three different seedling fragments (root, hypocotyl, and leaf petiole) from aseptically germinated seedlings of hibiscus (var. Aphrodite) were evaluated for adventitious bud formation, shoot and leaf development. The explants were cultured on McCown's woody plant basal salt medium supplemented with KNO3 (800 mg/L), adenine sulfate (80 mg/L) and MS vitamins containing BA or 2iP or TDZ at 0.5, 1.0, 2.2, 4.4 and 10 mM. Adventitious buds were present on all of the three different explants grown on medium containing TDZ; however, the most abundant bud formation, with many small leaves originating from callus was observed on hypocotyl explants cultured on medium with 1 mM of TDZ. Petiole explants were the most frequent to develop short shoots (≈15 mm) and one to nine leaves without callus formation, where 70% of hypocotyl and the root explants formed leaves originating from callus. Callus was induced on all explant types regardless of the level or type of cytokinin used. However, the number of shoots produced by any explant type was low, petioles cultured on 0.5 and 1mM of TDZ were the most suitable material for non-callus shoot development in H. syriacus. Hypocotyl explants proved to be an excellent source for adventitious bud formation but their ability to develop shoots needs to be investigated.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI SELEKSI IN VITRO BERULANG (REPEAT CYCLING–IN VITRO SELECTION) TOLERAN STRES KEKERINGAN UNTUK PERBAIKAN MUTU GENETIK DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI BERMIKORIZA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Ahmad Riduan ◽  
Rainiyati Rainiyati ◽  
Yulia Alia
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Single Spore Culture ◽  
Spore Culture ◽  
Glomus Sp

Every plant rhizospheres in any ecosystem there are various living microorganisms including Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF).  An isolation and characterization is required to investigate the species or type of the AMF. This research was aimed at studying the isolation and characterization of AMF sporulation in soybean rhizospheres in Jambi Province. The results of evaluation on soil samples before trapping showed that there are spores from three genus of AMF twelve types Glomus , two types Acaulospora and one type of Enthrophospora.  Following single spore culture in soybean rhizosphere, 5 spore types were obtained:  Glomus sp-1, Glomus sp-4, Glomus sp-7, Glomus sp-8 Glomus sp-10.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sotelo ◽  
M. Lema ◽  
P. Soengas ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
P. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

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