scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Burkholderia gladioli from Orchids in Hawaii

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Keith ◽  
Kelvin T. Sewake ◽  
Francis T. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cupric Sulfate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Gene Testing ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Burkholderia Gladioli

Bacterial diseases of orchids continue to be serious problems. Bacterial strains were isolated from orchid plants exhibiting disease symptoms in Hawaii. Small to large leaf spots with or without water-soaking or soft rots were observed on various orchid genera, including Dendrobium, Oncidium, and Miltonia spp. and hybrids. Bacteria isolated and cultured from the lesions were tentatively identified using analytical profile index (API) strips and standard physiological and biochemical tests, and confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The variation in pathogenic, morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics of the orchid isolates also was evaluated. In our studies, a gramnegative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that produced pale yellow, opaque, round colonies with entire margins on nutrient broth yeast extract agar (NBY) was isolated consistently from diseased orchid plants. On yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar, the isolates produced brownishyellow, nonmucoid colonies, with the majority of the strains secreting a diffusible yellow or tan pigment into the media. The bacterium was identified as Burkholderia gladioli. Molecular analysis indicated very little diversity in the 16S rDNA gene. Testing B. gladioli isolates using media containing copper or streptomycin indicated varying levels of resistance (copper resistant = Cur; streptomycin resistant, Smr), with approximately 75% of the strains resistant to copper and 94% of the strains resistant to streptomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cupric sulfate among Cur strains ranged from 50 to 1,000 μg/ml and the MIC of streptomycin was 50 to 100 μg/ml for all Smr B. gladioli strains tested. Field and laboratory data suggest the frequent use of these chemicals in nurseries may have inadvertently resulted in the development of copper and streptomycin resistance in B. gladioli from orchids.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas syringae isolates affecting stone fruits and almond in Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Popović ◽  
Jelena Menković ◽  
Anđelka Prokić ◽  
Nevena Zlatković ◽  
Aleksa Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genomic Species

AbstractIn Montenegro, stone fruit species are grown on intensive and semi-intensive commercial plantations. However, almond production is mainly organized on family gardens and for household consumption. During two seasons (2017–2018), we surveyed apricot, peach, nectarine, sweet cherry, Japanese plum, and almond orchards for the presence of bacterial diseases at different geographical locations in Montenegro. From leaf, petiole and fruit lesions, branch or twig cankers, and necrotizing buds, a total of 29 isolates were obtained and subjected to identification based on their morphological, pathogenic, biochemical, and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by reproducing the symptoms on leaves, fruits, and twigs of the corresponding host plants. The biochemical tests indicated that the isolates belong to Pseudomonas syringae. However, isolates’ characterization showed variation in their phenotypic and molecular features. The presence of the syrB gene and ice nucleation activity grouped most of the isolates within pathovar syringae. The results of rep-PCR using the BOX primer revealed high genetic diversity of isolates. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), using four housekeeping genes, showed that 27 isolates belong to the genomic species 1, P. syringae sensu stricto, corresponding to P. syringae phylogroup 2. However, isolates from the same phylogroup 2 did not form a monophyletic group. One strain isolated from apricot was most distinct and similar to members of genomic species 2, phylogroup 3. All tested isolates showed significant levels of resistance to copper sulfate and high level of sensitivity to streptomycin sulfate in vitro.

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacillus subtilis WD23 Exhibiting Laccase Activity from Forest Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Lei Wang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
De Bin Li ◽  
Dai Zong Cui ◽  
Hong Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The strain Bacillus sp. WD23 exhibiting laccase activity was screened from forest soil. The M9 medium containing Cu2+ was used for enriching and isolating bacterial strains capable of oxidizing syringaldazine (SGZ). One isolated strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis WD23 based on the results of physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The strain WD23 could grow at temperatures ranging from 20 to 55°C and showed optimum growth temperature and pH at 25°C and 7.0, respectively. The sporulation rate of the strain clearly correlated well with the laccase activity. The temperature half-life of the spore laccase was 2.5 h at 80°C and the pH half-life was 15 d at pH 9.0. Its spore laccase could decolorized 50~90% of Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR), alizarin red, congo red, methyl orange and methyl violet, which suggests the potential application of spore laccase in dyestuff treatment.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Heidarrezaei ◽  
Hoofar Shokravi ◽  
Fahrul Huyop ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Halogenated Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Halogenated Compound

Halogenated compounds are an important class of environmental pollutants that are widely used in industrial chemicals such as solvents, herbicides, and pesticides. Many studies have been carried out to explore the biodegradation of these chemicals. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is one of the main halogenated compounds that are carcinogenic to humans and animals. The bacterium was isolated from the northern coastline of Johor Strait. In this study, the ability of strain MH2 to biodegrade TCA was evaluated by a growth experiment and dehalogenase enzyme assay. The growth profile of the isolated strain was examined. The doubling time for L. boronitolerans MH2 was found to be 32 h. The release of chloride ion in the degradation process was measured at 0.33 × 10−3 ± 0.03 mol∙L−1 after 96 h when the growth curve had reached its maximum within the late bacterial exponential phase. The results showed that the strain had a promising ability to degrade TCA by producing dehalogenase enzyme when cell-free extracts were prepared from growth on TCA as the sole carbon source with enzyme-specific activity, 1.1 ± 0.05 µmolCl−min−1∙mg−1 protein. Furthermore, the morphological, and biochemical aspects of the isolated bacterium were studied to identify and characterize the strain. The morphological observation of the isolated bacterium was seen to be a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile, heterotrophic, and spore-forming bacterium. The amplification of the 16S rRNA and gene analysis results indicated that the isolated bacterium had 98% similarity to Lysinibacillus boronitolerans. The morphological and biochemical tests supported the 16S rRNA gene amplification. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of this genus of bacteria to degrade this type of halogenated compound.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RELEVANT BACTERIA FROM MARINE ENVIRONMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganthi Thevarajoo ◽  
Chitra Selvaratnam ◽  
Kian Mau Goh ◽  
Fazilah Abd. Manan ◽  
Zaharah Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Marine environment remained as largely unexplored source for researchers to discover marine microorganisms with novel properties. This study aims to isolate marine bacteria from the seashore of Desaru, Malaysia. Totally, six bacterial strains were successfully obtained and were identified by complete 16S rRNA sequencing. The characterizations of bacterial strains were performed based on morphological tests, Gram-staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity. The 16S rRNA sequence of D-2, D-4, D-7, D-15, D-31, and D-33 revealed a high identity of 97 to 99% with taxa belong to genera of Pseudomonas, Marinomonas, Exiquobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, and Shewanella respectively. Strain D-31 exhibited higher tolerance towards antibiotics kanamycin, ampicillin, and erythromycin while the growth of other strains were retarded by at least two of these antibiotics. We further characterized strain D-4 and D-31 that belonged to Marinomonas sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp.. Both genera are interesting as earlier researchers have discovered new antibacterial substances, industrial enzymes and unique secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Predominant Effect of Host Genetics on Levels of Lactobacillus johnsonii Bacteria in the Mouse Gut

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 6531-6538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Buhnik-Rosenblau ◽  
Yael Danin-Poleg ◽  
Yechezkel Kashi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Mouse Genetics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lactobacillus Johnsonii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Mouse Lines

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota is strongly associated with the well-being of the host. Its composition is affected by environmental factors, such as food and maternal inoculation, while the relative impact of the host's genetics have been recently uncovered. Here, we studied the effect of the host genetic background on the composition of intestinal bacteria in a murine model, focusing on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as an important group that includes many probiotic strains. Based on 16S rRNA gene genotyping, variation was observed in fecal LAB populations of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mouse lines.Lactobacillus johnsonii, a potentially probiotic bacterium, appeared at significantly higher levels in C57BL/6J versus BALB/c mouse feces. In the BALB/c gut, theL. johnsoniilevel decreased rapidly after oral administration, suggesting that some selective force does not allow its persistence at higher levels. The genetic inheritance ofL. johnsoniilevels was further tested in reciprocal crosses between the two mouse lines. The resultant F1 offspring presented similarL. johnsoniilevels, confirming that mouse genetics plays a major role in determining these levels compared to the smaller maternal effect. Our findings suggest that mouse genetics has a major effect on the composition of the LAB population in general and on the persistence ofL. johnsoniiin the gut in particular. Concentrating on a narrow spectrum of culturable LAB enables the isolation and characterization of such potentially probiotic bacterial strains, which might be specifically oriented to the genetic background of the host as part of a personalized-medicine approach.

scholarly journals Hydrotalea flava gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the phylum Bacteroidetes and allocation of the genera Chitinophaga, Sediminibacterium, Lacibacter, Flavihumibacter, Flavisolibacter, Niabella, Niastella, Segetibacter, Parasegetibacter, Terrimonas, Ferruginibacter, Filimonas and Hydrotalea to the family Chitinophagaceae fam. nov.

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kämpfer ◽  
N. Lodders ◽  
E. Falsen
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
The Family

Three bacterial strains, designated CCUG 51397T, CCUG 53736 and CCUG 53920, isolated from water samples taken at different locations in southern Sweden were studied to determine their taxonomic position using a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these bacteria had <93 % sequence similarity to all described species of the genera Sediminibacterium, Lacibacter, Flavihumibacter, Flavisolibacter, Niabella, Niastella, Segetibacter, Parasegetibacter, Terrimonas, Ferruginibacter, Filimonas and Chitinophaga. The three organisms grouped most closely with Sediminibacterium salmoneum NJ-44T but showed only 92.5 % sequence similarity to this strain, the only recognized species of this genus. The fatty acid profiles showed large amounts of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G with smaller amounts of iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH and other fatty acids, which differentiated the novel strains from related genera. Biochemical tests performed on strains CCUG 51397T, CCUG 53736 and CCUG 53920 also gave different results from those of Sediminibacterium salmoneum NJ-44T and other related genera. Based on this evidence, strains CCUG 51397T, CCUG 53736 and CCUG 53920 represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Hydrotalea flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Hydrotalea flava is CCUG 51397T (=CCM 7760T). A formal allocation of the genera Sediminibacterium, Lacibacter, Flavihumibacter, Flavisolibacter, Niabella, Niastella, Segetibacter, Parasegetibacter, Terrimonas, Ferruginibacter, Filimonas and Chitinophaga to the family Chitinophagaceae fam. nov. is also proposed.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Nocardiopsis species from Didwana dry salt lake of Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Khushbu Parihar ◽  
Alkesh Tak ◽  
Praveen Gehlot ◽  
Rakesh Pathak ◽  
Sunil Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The genus Nocardiopsis is well known to produce secondary metabolites especially antibacterial bioactive compound. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds producing novel isolates from unusual habitats are crucial. The present study was aimed to explore Didwana dry salt lake of Rajasthan state in India for the isolation and characterization of actinomycetes. The isolated actinomycetes isolates were characterized based on culture characteristics, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that all the five isolates inhabiting soil of the said dry salt lake of Didwana, Rajasthan belonged to four species of Nocardiopsis viz., N. synnemataformans, N. potens, N. prasina and N. dassonvillei subsp. albirubida. The molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was found accurate and robust. The phylogram generated through multiple sequence alignment of all the test isolates of Nocardiopsis revealed that the isolates aroused from a single branch and validated monophyletic association. The present study is the first report of exploring Nocardiopsis isolates from the dry salt lake. These characterized Nocardiopsis isolates isolated from Didwana dry salt lake habitat are novel stains and can be of significance in the detection and utilization of novel bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Pedobacter glucosidilyticus sp. nov., isolated from dry riverbed soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Luo ◽  
Zhang Wang ◽  
Jun Dai ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Major Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Two Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strains, 1-2T and 1-4 were isolated from dry riverbed soil collected from the Xietongmen area of Tibet, China. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the novel strains were shown to belong to the genus Pedobacter, sharing <95 % sequence similarity with all recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). The DNA G+C contents were 37.2–37.6 mol%. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of the two new isolates to the genus Pedobacter and the results of physiological and biochemical tests confirmed that the new strains differed significantly from the recognized species of the genus Pedobacter. Therefore, the new isolates represent a novel species within the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter glucosidilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1-2T (=CCTCC AB 206110T=KCTC 22438T).

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Sulfur-Oxidizing Chemolithotroph Growing on Crude Oil under Anaerobic Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Kodama ◽  
Kazuya Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Inorganic Medium ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions

ABSTRACT Molecular approaches have shown that a group of bacteria (called cluster 1 bacteria) affiliated with the ε subclass of the class Proteobacteria constituted major populations in underground crude-oil storage cavities. In order to unveil their physiology and ecological niche, this study isolated bacterial strains (exemplified by strain YK-1) affiliated with the cluster 1 bacteria from an oil storage cavity at Kuji in Iwate, Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that its closest relative was Thiomicrospira denitrificans (90% identity). Growth experiments under anaerobic conditions showed that strain YK-1 was a sulfur-oxidizing obligate chemolithotroph utilizing sulfide, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, and hydrogen as electron donors and nitrate as an electron acceptor. Oxygen also supported its growth only under microaerobic conditions. Strain YK-1 could not grow on nitrite, and nitrite was the final product of nitrate reduction. Neither sugars, organic acids (including acetate), nor hydrocarbons could serve as carbon and energy sources. A typical stoichiometry of its energy metabolism followed an equation: S2− + 4NO3 − → SO4 2− + 4NO2 − (ΔG 0 = −534 kJ mol−1). In a difference from other anaerobic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, this bacterium was sensitive to NaCl; growth in medium containing more than 1% NaCl was negligible. When YK-1 was grown anaerobically in a sulfur-depleted inorganic medium overlaid with crude oil, sulfate was produced, corresponding to its growth. On the contrary, YK-1 could not utilize crude oil as a carbon source. These results suggest that the cluster 1 bacteria yielded energy for growth in oil storage cavities by oxidizing petroleum sulfur compounds. Based on its physiology, ecological interactions with other members of the groundwater community are discussed.

Isolation and characterization of glycerol-fermenting bacteria from the rumen of red deer

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme N. Jarvis ◽  
Jürgen H. Thiele ◽  
Carsten Strömpl ◽  
Edward R. B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Glycerol Fermentation ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria

The rumen contents of juvenile red deer (Cervus elaphus) were used as a source for the enrichment of obligately anaerobic glycerol-fermenting bacteria. Three bacterial strains were isolated from the 10−4 dilution (isolates DR6A and DR6B) and 10−9 dilution (isolate DR7) of the deer rumen contents. The isolates DR6A, DR6B, and DR7 produced ethanol (42 mM) and acetate (5 mM), propionate (31 mM) and acetate (42 mM), and formate (25 mM) and ethanol (38 mM), respectively, as the major glycerol fermentation products. Interestingly, acetate, propionate, and formate were observed to be the major glycerol fermentation products in mixed cultures obtained from the deer rumen. The three isolates were all shown to be related phylogenetically to the ruminal species Clostridium clostridiiforme, Clostridium celerecrescens, and Clostridium aerotolerans within the clostridial taxonomic cluster XIVa, on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons. But, because of phenotypic differences, each isolate is considered to be a new species within the genus Clostridium, which has not been previously described or isolated from the rumen ecosystem.Key words: red deer, ecology, glycerol fermentation, Clostridium, rumen, 16S rRNA.

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