scholarly journals Examining NEET situations in Spain: Labour Market, Discourses and Policies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Strecker ◽  
Joffre López ◽  
M. Àngels Cabasés
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Employment Training ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Static Group ◽  
The Eu

AbstractNot in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET) and its Spanish equivalent ‘nini’ (Ni estudia, Ni trabaja) have dominated youth policy discourses in recent years. Within the European Union, Spain is one of the countries with the highest proportion of young people in NEET situations. In this article, it is argued that the idea of NEET has been weaponised to stigmatise youth, by evoking the phantom of a demotivated young person with scarce training. This stigmatisation has little to do with the reality of many young Spaniards who can find themselves in different situations, such as unemployment, precarious employment, training and education in a matter of days. Thus, there is a need to consider the different experiences and structural circumstances of so-called NEETs rather than viewing them as a homogenous and static group. Using documentary analysis and secondary data, this article examines the diversity of NEET situations for the youth in Spain, which is generally not captured in large national statistics data-sets and policies. Furthermore, it analyses the EU Youth Guarantee and its application in Spain, highlighting where official objectives have not been met, and includes an overview of the current effects of the coronavirus crisis. Ultimately, the paper shows that public discourses centred on an artificially created social group (NEET) legitimise and produce policies that do not respond to young people’s actual needs and problems, especially for the most vulnerable among them.

In View of Ratification: Governmental Preferences and Domestic Constraints at the Amsterdam Intergovernmental Conference

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hug ◽  
Thomas König
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Amsterdam Treaty ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Domestic Constraints ◽  
Draft Proposal ◽  
The Eu

The bargaining product of the Amsterdam Intergovernmental Conference—the Amsterdam Treaty—dwindled down the draft proposal to a consensus set of all fifteen member states of the European Union (EU). Using the two-level concept of international bargains, we provide a thorough analysis of how this consensus set was reached by issue subtraction with respect to domestic ratification constraints. Drawing on data sets covering the positions of all negotiating actors and ratifying national political parties, we first highlight the differences in the Amsterdam ratification procedures in the fifteen member states of the EU. This analysis allows us to compare the varying ratification difficulties in each country. Second, our empirical analysis of the treaty negotiations shows that member states excluded half of the Amsterdam bargaining issues to secure a smooth ratification. Because member states with higher domestic ratification constraints performed better in eliminating uncomfortable issues at the Amsterdam Intergovernmental Conference, issue subtraction can be explained by the extent to which the negotiators were constrained by domestic interests.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Health Systems in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the EU Countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Tamara Rađenović ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Radivojević ◽  
Bojan Krstić ◽  
Tanja Stanišić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
International Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the insufficient capacities and capabilities of countries around the world to deal with global infectious diseases and stressed the need to improve the international health security frame-work. An efficient and comprehensive health system that is able to cope with public health emergencies is an essential prerequisite for strengthening health security. The paper analyzes the efficiency of health systems in the European Union (EU) countries and their responsiveness to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research covers 27 EU countries and it is based on the secondary data contained in the 2019 Global Health Security Index Re-port. The aim of the paper is to identify key determinants for improving the efficiency of health systems in the EU, as well as to examine the interdependence between health expenditures and the efficiency of health system in this sample of countries. The research is conducted through descriptive statistics and correlation and regression analysis. The conclusions can be useful for the EU policy makers in formulating a strategy to improve the efficiency of Member States’ health systems and preparedness for possible new pandemics.

scholarly journals Impacts of EVFTA on exportation of Vietnamese footwear products to EU market

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1499-1508
Author(s):  
Hoang Tien Nguyen ◽  
Hanh Thi Bich Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
International Integration ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Eu

The European Union - Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA), which officially came into play on August 1, 2020, is one of the latest endeavors of Vietnam regarding the international integration process and is expected to create a great boost for Vietnamese exports to the EU. Footwear, one of the Vietnamese key export products, is also inevitably affected by this agreement. This study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of the EVFTA on the growth of Vietnam footwear exportation to the EU market by quantitative analysis method through the SMART model based on the database of trade and tariffs between Vietnam - EU and under a scenario in which tariffs are reduced to 0% once the EVFTA comes into force. The authors have collected, synthesized, and analyzed secondary data from trustworthy sources, and conducted in-depth interviews with professional experts who have been working for several years in the international integration field. Results from the study show that the EU's removal of import tariffs on Vietnamese footwear products under EVFTA not only increases Vietnamese export value but also makes these products more competitive than those of competitors, even domestic manufacturers in the EU. Some implications, therefore, are suggested to promote Vietnamese footwear exportation to the EU market in the coming time.

scholarly journals The Development of the Health and Social Care Sector in the Regions of the Czech Republic in Comparison with other EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Urbánková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Given ◽  
Nurses And Midwives ◽  
The Eu

In this paper, the quantitative status of employees in the Health and Social Care sector in the Czech Republic is assessed, and the future development of the sector is predicted both for the Czech Republic as a whole, and for individual regions according to the NUTS3 classification. At present, labor market prognoses are created using the ROA-CERGE model, which includes the main professions in the Health and Social Care sector. This article expands the predictions by adding the regional level and using extrapolation of time series, and it identifies the regions important for the given sector and the labor force. The position of the Czech Republic with regard to selected professions in comparison with other countries of the European Union, i.e., its qualitative status, is also assessed in the paper. The following professions are assessed: general nurses and midwives (both with and without a specialization), physicians, and professional assistants. Healthcare workers do not manifest geographical mobility between regions and work primarily in the region where they live. Since the Czech Republic’s accession to the EU, staff working in key professions have been able to work under comparable conditions in any of the member states. The workforce flow depends, among other things, on its qualitative representation in the given country. To find groups of European countries with similar characteristics of quantitative coverage in selected professions in the Health and Social Care sector, cluster analysis is used to identify homogeneous clusters of countries, as of 2016. Secondary data was obtained from the Czech Statistical Office (CZSO) and the Information System (ISA+) of the National Institute of Education (NIE).

scholarly journals Governing of young people ‘at risk’ with the alliance of employability and precariousness in the EU youth policy steering

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Mertanen ◽  
Karen Pashby ◽  
Kristiina Brunila
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Young People ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Political Rationality ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on neoliberal governing by the European Union of cross-sectoral youth policies directed at young people ‘at risk’. The aim is to show how the alliance of discourses of employability and precariousness in these policies has emerged and how these discourses operate in policy. In the article, we analyse European Council and European Commission policy documents from 2000 to 2016 by drawing on the idea of discourses and governing with neoliberal political rationality. Our results show that the financial crisis and policy initiatives launched to mitigate its consequences made it possible to mainstream the neoliberal rationality of individual competition and flexibility as an inseparable part of youth policy steering.

scholarly journals Progress in Implementing the Sustainable Development Concept into Socioeconomic Development in Poland Compared to other Member States

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
Implementation Level ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Sustainable development-related issues have been discussed in the public discourse worldwide since the 1960’s. The socioeconomic development theme is one of the key themes in sustainable development singled out by the European Union with a special attention paid to three crucial areas, namely: economic development, competitiveness, innovation and eco-efficiency as well as employment. Therefore, the aim of this article is to assess the implementation level of the sustainable development concept in the area of socioeconomic development in Poland compared to other Member States. In order to achieve the articles aim the following two research tasks were performed: sustainable development in terms of socioeconomic development in the EU strategic documents has been described and the sustainable development concept in the area of socioeconomic concept in Poland compared to other Member States has been analysed. The analysis showed that the gap between Poland and the ‘old’ EU has been narrowed since 2004; however, the progress in implementing the sustainable development concept into socioeconomic development was still slow comparing to both the EU-10 and EU-15. This article is based on the available reference, government documents and the analysis was conducted on the basis of secondary data provided by Eurostat.

Zapobieganie wystąpieniu kryzysu finansowego według zaleceń organów Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Noga ◽  
Iwona Gulba
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
The One ◽  
Prudential Policy ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In ◽  
Credit Institutions

The latest global economic crisis showed inconsistencies in the implementation of micro-prudential policy by credit institutions and investment firms in the EU and outside it on the one hand, and on the other hand the lack of regulation in the field of macro-prudential policy. It was only in 2013 that decisions were made in the Capital Requirements Directive IV and Capital Requirement Regulation package. In the article we verify the research hypothesis that the prevention of the financial crisis depends on the proper construction and consistent implementation in practice of micro-prudential and macro-prudential policy as a part of institutional systemic risk management in the European Union. The verification of this hypothesis was carried out using methods of statistical analysis of secondary data, published by the European Commission and through the analysis of prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms included in the EU directives. The research hypothesis was confirmed.

Regulatory issues in blockchain technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

Purpose This paper aims to examine the key regulatory challenges impacting blockchains, innovative distributed technologies, in the European Union (EU) and the USA. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative perspective underpins the study. This paper relies on primary data from applicable statutes and secondary data from the public domain including relevant case study insights. Findings The smart regulatory hands-off approach adopted in the EU and the USA to a large extent bodes well for future innovative contributions of blockchains in the financial services and related sectors and toward enhanced financial inclusiveness. Practical implications The paper’s findings provide support for blockchain technology to advance with minimum regulatory brakes for greater value-adding and efficiency advancement, especially for financial services, thereby expanding accessibility and therefore financial inclusiveness. Originality/value This paper helps to draw greater attention to the technology underpinning virtual currencies. It also highlights other economic potentials flowing from blockchain advancement.

The European Union–West African sea border: Anti-immigration strategies and territoriality

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Vives
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
West African ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The fight against unwanted sea migration in Southern Europe has triggered the territorial redefinition of European Union (EU) borders and transformed the relationship between sending and receiving countries in the region. This paper focuses on the strategies that the EU and Spain adopted to seal the maritime border around the Canary Islands between 2005 and 2010. According to the primary and secondary data used here, the closure of the Atlantic route that happened in this period was the result of the combination of defensive and preventative measures along and beyond this section of the EU border. Initiatives aimed at promoting economic development, creating jobs at origin, and temporary migration programs paved the way for cooperation among governments, thus making possible the deployment of military resources along the border, the return/deportation of unwanted EU-bound migrants, and the externalization of migration control responsibilities. Cooperation and the mixture of proactive and reactive initiatives seen in this case study are likely to become the hallmark of a new kind of global anti-immigration border that extends beyond the territory of the state.

scholarly journals The Rise of Euroscepticism in Times of Crisis. Evidence from the 2008–2013 Eurobarometers

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Bârgăoanu ◽  
Loredana Radu ◽  
Elena Negrea-Busuioc
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
The Eu

<p>The financial and economic turmoil within the European Union has significantly impacted upon the way in which the European citizens assess the advantages of EU membership and the future of the integration process. Intensely preoccupied with the economic problems, the EU leadership has lost sight of the constant decrease of public support and the increasing lack of citizens’ confidence in the Union. This paper seeks to show the dynamics of public opinion between 2008 and 2013 with a special focus on the rise of Euroscepticism, using secondary data analysis of standard Eurobarometers. Our longitudinal analysis reveals the dynamics of EU-related attitudes and perceptions before, during, and after most of events that are usually labeled under the rather generic term “crisis”.</p>

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