scholarly journals Responsible AI and moral responsibility: a common appreciation

AI and Ethics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Tigard
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
To Come ◽  
Incorrect Usage ◽  
And Robotics

Abstract Responsibility is among the most widespread buzzwords in the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. Yet, the term often remains unsubstantiated when employed in these important technological domains. Indeed, notions like ‘responsible AI’ and ‘responsible robotics’ may sound appealing, for they seem to convey a sense of moral goodness or ethical approval, thereby inciting psychological connections to self-regulation, social acceptance, or political correctness. For AI and ethics to come together in truly harmonious ways, we will need to work toward establishing a common appreciation. In this commentary, I breakdown three varieties of the term and invoke insights from the analytic ethics literature as a means of offering a robust understanding of moral responsibility in emerging technology. While I do not wish to accuse any parties of incorrect usage, my hope is that together researchers in AI and ethics can be better positioned to appreciate and to develop notions of responsibility for technological domains.

Intellectual Difficulty and Moral Responsibility

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the relationship between intellectual difficulty and moral responsibility. It focuses on this question: if it is difficult for us to come to believe the truth about some matter, and we do not in fact come to believe it, so that we are ignorant of that matter, does that affect our responsibility if we then act from our ignorance? Answering this question requires getting clearer on both intellectual difficulty and moral responsibility for actions done from ignorance. This chapter takes up both tasks, distinguishing three different kinds of intellectual difficulty—skill-related difficulty in performing, effort-related difficulty in performing, and difficulty in trying—and two different families of views regarding moral responsibility: agential control views and agential revelation views. The chapter then considers the interaction between these different kinds of intellectual difficulty and these different views of moral responsibility, focusing particularly on the familiar case of the Ancient Slaveholder.

Examination and international comparison of effectiveness of techno-animism concept in social acceptance of AI and robots

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Osamu Sakura
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Cultural Impacts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
Comparison Of Effectiveness ◽  
The University

Technology is shaped by its builders and research efforts are now underway to make sure that technology works for societies and all of its members with a focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Professor Osamu Sakura is heading up a project at the Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies at the University of Tokyo, to address this, his team are researching the social and cultural impacts on emerging technology.

Public Perception of Immigration

2019 ◽  
Vol 696 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Andrzej Soboń ◽  
Marzena Pietruniak
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Come ◽  
Negative Balance

Uncontrolled migration is one of the internal threats to the state that also manifests itself as a civilization problem. It illustrates the growing lack of social acceptance for this phenomenon. It is the result of not only geopolitical changes, but also the sequence of social dependencies. According to data from the census, over 99.8% are citizens of the Republic of Poland, and persons without citizenship amount to 57 thousand. It should be emphasized that in recent years more and more foreigners have come to Poland in search of a better life. Despite the influx of immigrants, Poland is a country with a negative balance, which proves that more people from Poland emigrate than to come to it. Accurate estimation of the scale of the phenomenon is not easy due to the adoption of the illegal dimension and that the Central Statistical Office and the Office for Foreigners otherwise collect and present information on foreigners. There are lot of intercultural differences connected with religion, tradition, customs and social behaviour. Often the barrier between the world of immigrants and the local society is so great that it creates conflicts in the places where immigrants reside, including anti-refugee protests, inclusive.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CIVIC IDENTITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Inha Petrovska
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
The State ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Wide Range

Aim. The aim of the research is to determine the psychological peculiarities of citizens with various types of civic identity. Methods. 190 Ukrainian citizens were interviewed about their relations with parents (or guardians) in the childhood , features of family upbringing, priority values of the parents' family, experience of interpersonal relationships with peers, participation in school/student activities, lifestyle, etc. The following psycho-diagnostic techniques were also used: questionnaire "Level and Type of Civic Identity" (Petrovska, 2018); "World Assumptions Scale" (Janoff-Bulman, adapted by Padun & Kotelnikova, 2008); "Portrait Values Questionnaire" (Schwartz, adapted by Semkiv, 2013); "Interpersonal Trust Scale" (Rotter, adapted by Dostovalov, 2000); questionnaire "Level of Social Frustration" (Vasserman, 2004); "Social Activity Scale" (Lewicka, adapted by Cholij, 2010). Results. The typology of citizens ("devoted", "moderate", "disappointed", "indifferent" and "alienated") was created in accordance with the specificity of the formation of civic identity components (cognitive, value, affective, behavioral). Significance (value)/insignificance, positive/negative attitude towards belonging to the state and community of citizens and forms of activity/inactivity in relation to the state and citizens made up the basis of the classification. Also, psychological peculiarities of citizens with foregoing types of civic identity were determined. Conclusions. The main factors in the formation of a certain type of civic identity are basic beliefs (in particular, the justice of the world, the ability to control the events of one's life and self-value); civic behavioral patterns of reference persons (including civic attitudes of reference persons); social integration and social acceptance (experience of interpersonal relationships with peers); subjectness activity (defending own position, wide range of interests, initiative, active participation in many events); value-semantic orientations (in particular, universalism, self-regulation, safety, tradition); prosocial focus (focus of activity on socially useful affairs); social trust; the fact of meeting the needs of physical and social existence in the state (level of social frustration); experience of interaction with the state in the form of its various agencies.

Future Generations and Business Ethics

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Jeurissen ◽  
Gerard Keijzers
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come

Abstract:Companies have a share in our common responsibility to future generations. Hitherto, this responsibility has been all but neglected in the business ethics literature. This paper intends to make up for that omission. A strong case for our moral responsibility to future generations can be established on the grounds of moral rights theory, utilitarianism and justice theory. The paper analyses two practical cases in environmental policy, in order to come to grips with the complicated ethical issues involved in the responsibility to future generations. The cases deal with the management of finite energy sources and of vulnerable resources of biodiversity. The ethical issues involved in these cases have an important bearing on business ethics: future generations should be included among the stakeholders of the firm. The paper concludes with a plea to institutionalize a “third arena” for debate and deliberation on the protection of the interests of future generations, next to the arenas of the government and the market. Companies should participate in this third arena, led by a participatory ethics.

scholarly journals Kant on Moral Freedom and Moral Slavery

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Forman
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
Moral Freedom

AbstractKant's account of the freedom gained through virtue builds on the Socratic tradition. On the Socratic view, when morality is our end, nothing can hinder us from attaining satisfaction: we are self-sufficient and free since moral goodness is (as Kant says) ‘created by us, hence is in our power’. But when our end is the fulfilment of sensible desires, our satisfaction requires luck as well as the cooperation of others. For Kant, this means that happiness requires that we get other people to work for our ends; and this requires, in turn, that we gain control over the thingsotherpeople value so as to have influence over them. If this plan for happiness is not subordinated to morality, then what is most valuable to us will be precisely whatothersvalue. This is the root of the ‘passions’ that make us evil and make us slaves whose satisfaction depends on others. But, significantly, this dependence is amoralslavery and hence does not signal a loss, or even diminishment of the kind of freedom required for moral responsibility.

scholarly journals Dimensi moral dalam kekuasaan politik

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchson AR
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
Religious Concept ◽  
Moral Legitimation

The oldest legitimation of authority is religious legitimation, a doctrine of the Middle Ages. The King is believed as the figure manifested of God authority. like the religious concept, the Javanese mystical concepts believe that the King authority comes from the supernatural power, not from people support. Although that opinion is considered as religious legitimation, but Islam is not like it. The Holy Qur'an more emphasizes for justice and morality in political system. In the Javanese mystical perception, King is looked as a microcosm who can reserves the power of a macrocosm and then emanates it. The King's character should indicate natural power, such as power of the sun, moon, star, etc. The other side of harmony with whole world, the King must be able to create a social harmony.  Political ethics in democracy political system based on Pancasila also emphasizes that the legitimation of authority comes from people mandate, as a principle of democracy. Even though, the authority's moral and moral responsibility of authority must be appreciated and respected. The opinion that authority is not a moral legitimation and the authority is not personification of moral goodness should be rejected 

Moral Agents of Protection and Supplementary Responsibilities to Protect

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Erskine
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Institutional Agents ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Mass Atrocity ◽  
To Come

This chapter takes seriously the prevalent assumption that the responsibility to protect populations from mass atrocity represents a moral imperative. It highlights tensions between how R2P is articulated and arguments for its legitimate implementation. The chapter maintains that identifying a range of ‘moral agents of protection’ and ‘supplementary responsibilities to protect’ is fundamental to any attempt to realize R2P. It offers an account of the loci of moral responsibility implicit in prominent articulations of R2P that both supports and extends this argument. Taken to its logical conclusion, this account demands that hitherto unacknowledged moral agents of protection step in when the host state and the UN are unwilling or unable to act. The chapter examines which bodies can discharge this residual responsibility to protect and proposes that, in certain urgent circumstances, institutional agents have a shared responsibility to come together and act in concert, even without UN Security Council authorization.

scholarly journals Engagement and social acceptance in genome editing for human benefit: Reflections on research and practice in a global context

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Sebastián Barbosa ◽  
Léa Paré Toé ◽  
Delphine Thizy ◽  
Manjulika Vaz ◽  
Lucy Carter
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The Face ◽  
Public Engagement In Science ◽  
To Come ◽  
Community Decision

While there are both practical and ethical reasons for public engagement in science and innovation, real-world detailed examples of engagement practice and the lessons to come from these are still hard to find. This paper showcases three contextually diverse case studies of engagement practice. Case 1 recounts the experiences of a government-funded initiative to involve scientists and policy makers as science communicators for the purpose of engaging the Argentine public on gene editing. Case 2 describes the research methodologies used to elicit diverse stakeholder views in the face of political uncertainty and institutional distrust in India. Finally, case 3 unpacks the tensions and gaps with existing international guidelines for ensuring local voices are respected in community decision-making in Burkina Faso. Each case shares its own compelling rationale for selecting the engagement method chosen and details the challenges encountered along the way. Each case shares its vision for creating legitimate opportunities for broader societal involvement in the planning, conduct and delivery of responsible science. These cases demonstrate the nuances, sensitivities and challenges of engaging with publics and broader stakeholders in discussions about genome editing for human benefit.

scholarly journals SELF-REGULATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE: A HARBINGER OF PEACE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paromita Das
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
The People ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Basic Life Skills ◽  
Or Organization

Peace for a common man indicates the existing condition in his/her surroundings. Everyone expects peace to come from the external sources to the extent that can fulfil one’s satisfactory level. Man is not separate from his society. So, if s/he has expectations of a peaceful environment there are duties/skills which he himself or herself should develop and follow. It can be started from one to many and vice-versa and in harmony. For this there is a need of self-regulation in everyday life which can foreshadow peace in gradual steps. This is possible only when one understands his/her Self. Peace is each one’s responsibility in every simple manner one can. We should not depend on the Government or any authority or organization to grant peace. This attitude has to be changed because Government is of the people, by the people and for the people. One of the biggest reasons of conflict, violence and unrest is that we try to think for ourselves first, our own needs and desires too. There are ways to peace if we all are willing. First of all, the goal and then our efforts with mutual trust and respect can make everyday life better. To know about other people, their way of life is necessary for a better communication and to maintain healthy relationships. Even the stranger in a remote place, though harmful, is our responsibility, to prevent him/her from disturbing peace and to know the root cause of his/her inner conflict or state of mind. It is the self-regulation strategies which everyone should follow and practise in his/her immediate environment such as home, neighbourhood, institution and workplace. This can start from the local to the global level. This paper is a humble attempt to reflect on our everyday life, how we lead it, our thinking, feeling and doing that not only affects ourselves but also the surroundings and society. Health factor both physiological and mental has a role to play in inner peace and the peace to be built all around us. Several other causes as obstacles to inner peace, how to deal with them and self-regulation in various ways are included in this paper. Also to be aware of the basic life skills which will help to maintain our inner peace and our peaceful co-existence with the living and non-living around.

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