Sodium-lithium countertransport activity is not affected by short-term insulin exposure in vivo or in a physiologic medium in vitro

The preparation of a polymer of urea and furfural containing 23.2% nitrogen is described. This product was converted by rumen microorganisms in vitro to ammonia at a rate approximately one-seventh that of conversion of urea to ammonia. Use of the polymer as a dietary supplement in a feeding trial with lambs improved nitrogen retention over that of unsupplemented controls by 3.45 g of nitrogen retained per day, while an isonitrogenous quantity of supplemental urea improved nitrogen retention by 0.51 g of nitrogen retained per day. The blood urea pattern, throughout the day, of lambs adapted to control, urea-supplemented and urea–furfural polymer-supplemented rations indicated a slow, prolonged production of ammonia from the latter supplement and very rapid, short-term degradation of urea in vivo.

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Azathioprine, a clastogen in human somatic cells? Analysis of chromosome damage and SCE in lymphocytes after exposure in vivo and in vitro

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/0165-1218(81)90090-2 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 61-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

F. Apelt ◽

J. Kolin-Gerresheim ◽

M. Bauchinger

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cells ◽

Chromosome Damage ◽

Exposure In Vivo

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Studies on the functional activity of organotypically cultured mouse ovary

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.15.2.133 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

T. N. Chapekar ◽

G. V. Nayak ◽

Kamal J. Ranadive

Keyword(s):

Functional Activity ◽

Synthetic Medium ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Short Term ◽

Plasma Clot ◽

Rat Ovary ◽

Old Mice ◽

Term Maintenance

Short-term maintenance of mouse and rat ovary in organotypic culture system is no longer a problem (Martinovitch, 1938; Gaillard, 1953; Trowell, 1959). Gaillard (1953) cultivated ovaries from 7- to 8-day-old and 21-day-old mice for a week on the plasma clot. Trowell (1959) maintained ovaries of 8-day-old mice on a synthetic medium in an O2-CO2 atmosphere for 9 days. He observed no histological differentiation in the tissues of the ovary. What needs confirmation and further investigation is the possibility of maintenance of functional activity of the ovary under culture conditions. A study was therefore undertaken to investigate if an ovary, cultivated in vitro for some time, shows hormonal activity when transplanted in vivo. In the present work cultured ovaries were grafted in the anterior eye-chamber of spayed female mice and the development of secondary sex organs such as mammary glands and uterus was studied.

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IgG modulation in male mice with reproductive failure after prenatal inflammation

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-20-0386 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Izvolskaia ◽

Vasilina Ignatiuk ◽

Ayshat Ismailova ◽

Viktoria Sharova ◽

Liudmila Zakharova

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Peritoneal Macrophages ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Male Mice ◽

Prenatal Inflammation ◽

Exposure In Vivo

Sexual performance in adult male rats is highly sensitive to prenatal stress which can affect the functionality of the reproductive system and various brain structures involved in modulating sexual behavior. The immunomodulatory effect of mouse IgG on reproductive maturity in male offspring after LPS exposure in vivo and in vitro was studied. Prenatal IgG injection (20 µg / mouse) had a positive impact on the puberty of male mice whose mothers were exposed to LPS (100 µg / kg) on the 12th day of pregnancy. The number of Sertoli cells were increased, whereas the body weight and the number of symplastic spermatids were decreased in offspring as compared to LPS-treated animals. Besides, IgG had a positive effect on altered hormone levels: reduced estradiol level on the 5th and 14th postnatal days and increased testosterone level on the 30th postnatal day in blood that led to an increased number of mounting attempts in sexually mature males. The cAMP-dependent pathway may be involved in the regulation of the LPS-induced inflammation. IgG reduced the increased level of cAMP in mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by LPS in vitro. IgG is able to modulate inflammation processes, but its exposure time is important.

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Evaluation of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam in vitro and in vivo

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502014000200003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 251-256

Author(s):

Igor Vivian de Almeida ◽

Giovana Domingues ◽

Lilian Capelari Soares ◽

Elisângela Düsman ◽

Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Treatment ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test

Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is a sedative benzodiazepine prescribed for the short-term treatment of insomnia. However, there are concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or genotoxic effects of this medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects of FNZ in hepatoma cells from Rattus norvegicus (HTC) in vitro and in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats in vivo. These effects were examined in vitro following treatment with 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 or 10 μg/mL FNZ using a micronucleus test with a cytokinesis block or in vivo using a chromosomal aberration test following treatment with 7, 15 or 30 μg/mL/kg body weight. The results showed that the benzodiazepine concentrations tested were not cytotoxic, aneugenic or clastogenic. However, considering the adverse effects of using this benzodiazepine, more studies are required.

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Safety Evaluation of Multiple Strains ofLactobacillus plantarumandPediococcus pentosaceusin Wistar Rats Based on the Ames Test and a 28-Day Feeding Study

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/928652 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cheng-Chih Tsai ◽

Sew-Fen Leu ◽

Quan-Rong Huang ◽

Lan-Chun Chou ◽

Chun-Chih Huang

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Short Term ◽

Mutagenic Potential ◽

Multiple Strains

Three lactic acid bacterial strains,Lactobacillus plantarum, HK006, and HK109, andPediococcus pentosaceusPP31 exhibit probiotic potential as antiallergy agents, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the safety of these new strains requires evaluation when isolated from infant faeces or pickled cabbage. Multiple strains (HK006, HK109, and PP31) were subject to a bacterial reverse mutation assay and a short-term oral toxicity study. The powder product exhibited mutagenic potential inSalmonellaTyphimurium strains TA98 and TA1535 (with or without metabolic activation). In the short-term oral toxicity study, rats received a normal dosage of 390 mg/kg/d (approximately9×109 CFU/kg/d) or a high dosage of 1950 mg/kg/d (approximately4.5×1010 CFU/kg/d) for 28 d. No adverse effects were observed regarding the general condition, behaviour, growth, feed and water consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry indices, organ weights, or histopathologic analysis of the rats. These studies have demonstrated that the consumption of multiple bacterial strains is not associated with any signs of mutagenicity ofS.Typhimurium or toxicity in Wistar rats, even after consuming large quantities of bacteria.

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