Production and turnover rates of fatty acids in marine particulate matter through phytoplankton photosynthesis

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Hama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Phytoplankton Photosynthesis

scholarly journals Prominent bacterial heterotrophy and sources of <sup>13</sup>C-depleted fatty acids to the interior Canada Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7065-7080 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Shah ◽  
D. R. Griffith ◽  
V. Galy ◽  
A. P. McNichol ◽  
T. I. Eglinton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Canada Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria

Abstract. In recent decades, the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean has experienced rapidly decreasing summer sea ice coverage and freshening of surface waters. It is unclear how these changes translate to deeper waters, particularly as our baseline understanding of organic carbon cycling in the deep basin is quite limited. In this study, we describe full-depth profiles of the abundance, distribution and carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids from suspended particulate matter at a seasonally ice-free station and a semi-permanently ice-covered station. Fatty acids, along with suspended particulate organic carbon (POC), are more concentrated and 13C-enriched under ice cover than in ice-free waters. But this influence, apparent at 50 m depth, does not propagate downward below 150 m depth, likely due to the weak biological pump in the central Canada Basin. Branched fatty acids have δ13C values that are similar to suspended POC at all depths and are more 13C-enriched than even-numbered saturated fatty acids at depths above 3000 m. These are likely to be produced in situ by heterotrophic bacteria incorporating organic carbon that is isotopically similar to total suspended POC. Below surface waters, there is also the suggestion of a source of saturated even-numbered fatty acids which could represent contributions from laterally advected organic carbon and/or from chemoautotrophic bacteria. At 3000 m depth and below, a greater relative abundance of long-chain (C20–24), branched and unsaturated fatty acids is consistent with a stronger influence of re-suspended sedimentary organic carbon. At these deep depths, two individual fatty acids (C12 and iso-C17) are significantly depleted in 13C, allowing for the possibility that methane oxidizing bacteria contribute fatty acids, either directly to suspended particulate matter or to shallow sediments that are subsequently mobilized and incorporated into suspended particulate matter within the deep basin.

scholarly journals Minimizing Contamination from Plastic Labware in the Quantification of C16 and C18 Fatty Acids in Filter Samples of Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Their Utility in Apportioning Cooking Source Contribution to Urban PM2.5

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Yuk Ying Cheng ◽  
Jian Zhen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
New Method ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Plastic Syringe ◽  
Syringe Filter

Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are among the most abundant products in cooking emission, and thus could serve as potential molecular tracers in estimating the contributions of cooking emission to particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in the atmosphere. Organic tracer analysis in filter-based samples generally involves extraction by organic solvents, followed by filtration. In these procedures, disposable plastic labware is commonly used due to convenience and as a precaution against sample-to-sample cross contamination. However, we observed contamination for both C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids, their levels reaching 6–8 ppm in method blanks and leading to their detection in 9% and 42% of PM2.5 samples from Hong Kong, indistinguishable from the blank. We present in this work the identification of plastic syringe and plastic syringe filter disc as the contamination sources. We further demonstrated that a new method procedure using glass syringe and stainless-steel syringe filter holder offers a successful solution. The new method has reduced the contamination level from 6.6 ± 1.2 to 2.6 ± 0.9 ppm for C16:0 and from 8.9 ± 2.1 to 1.9 ± 0.8 ppm for C18:0 fatty acid. Consequently, the limit of detection (LOD) for C16:0 has decreased by 57% from 1.8 to 0.8 ppm and 56% for C18:0 fatty acid from 3.2 to 1.4 ppm. Reductions in both LOD and blank variability has allowed the increase in quantification rate of the two fatty acids in ambient samples and thereby retrieving more data for estimating the contribution of cooking emission to ambient PM2.5. With the assistance of three cooking related tracers, palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and cholesterol, positive matrix factorization analysis of a dataset of PM2.5 samples collected from urban Hong Kong resolved a cooking emission source. The results indicate that cooking was a significant local PM2.5 source, contributing to an average of 2.2 µgC/m3 (19%) to organic carbon at a busy downtown roadside location and 1.8 µgC/m3 (15%) at a general urban site.

Nascent and remnant lipoprotein turnover in rats: experimental design and simulation

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R386-R395
Author(s):  
N. Baker ◽  
H. J. Rostami ◽  
J. Elovson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Kinetic Behavior ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Apoprotein B ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

We have attempted to predict the kinetic behavior of the complex very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; d less than 1.006) fraction in blood plasma of rats in the steady state. Specifically we proposed a simple model with two different kinds of nascent VLDL particles derived from the liver, one containing apoprotein B (PI/II) [apoB(PI/II)], the high-molecular-weight apoB, and the other, apoprotein B (PIII) [apoB(PIII)], the low-molecular-weight apoB. Two other particles, the corresponding remnants derived from the nascent VLDL particles were also included. Then a number of feasible in vivo tracer experiments were considered in which VLDL labeled in the apoB and/or triglyceride (TG) moieties would be injected into recipient rats and the kinetic behavior of the various compartments predicted by simulation analysis. In addition the kinetic behavior of products such as free fatty acids formed during hydrolysis of labeled TG fatty acids and liver TG derived from labeled circulating remnants was considered. Both the relative sizes of nascent and remnant particles and the extent of average hydrolysis of nascent VLDL-TG (before formation of a remnant particle) were considered in our analysis. On the basis of these predictions we have suggested a number of experimental approaches that should be helpful in defining the relative pool sizes and the turnover rates of each kind of particle in vivo.

Composition of fatty acids from suspended particulate matter in southern South China Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
刘华雪 LIU Huaxue ◽  
柯常亮 KE Changliang ◽  
李纯厚 LI Chunhou ◽  
廖秀丽 LIAO Xiuli ◽  
黄洪辉 HUANG Honghui
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
South China ◽  
Southern South China Sea ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Suspended Particulate

scholarly journals 116: Comparative turnover rates of free fatty acids /FFA/ and free glycerol in blood of newborn rabbits

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 889-889
Author(s):  
H Schenk ◽  
T Heim ◽  
C Kabus ◽  
é Keleman ◽  
H Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Glycerol ◽  
Turnover Rates

scholarly journals Mitigation of Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation and Vasoactivity in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Jaya Sriram ◽  
Olorunfemi Adetona ◽  
Tonya Orchard ◽  
Chieh-Ming Wu ◽  
James Odei
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Formulation

Airborne particulate matter (PM) exposure remains the leading environmental risk factor for disease globally. Interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of PM are required, since there is no discernible threshold for its effects, and exposure reduction approaches are limited. The mitigation of PM (specifically diesel exhaust particles (DEP))-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) after 24 and 48 h of exposure by pre-treatment with individual pure, combined pure, and an oil formulation of two fish oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were all tested at an equivalent concentration of 100 µM in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The PUFAs and fish oil formulation completely mitigated or diminished the DEP-induced release of IL-6, IL-8, and ET-1 by 14–78%. DHA was more effective in reducing the levels of the DEP-induced release of the cytokines, especially IL-6 after 48 h of DEP exposure in comparison to EPA (p < 0.05), whereas EPA seemed to be more potent in reducing ET-1 levels. The potential of fish ω-3 PUFAs to mitigate PM-induced inflammation and vasoactivity was demonstrated by this study.

Turnover Rates of Fatty Acids of Plasma Triglyceride, Cholesterol Ester and Phospholipid in the Postabsorptive Dog

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Turnover Rates

The half-life times of plasma phospholipid and nonphospholipid fatty acids were determined in postabsorptive dogs using C14-carboxyl-labeled palmitic acid. Labeled plasma lipids were introduced into the blood of a recipient dog by cross-circulation with a donor dog that had been fed the radioactive palmitic acid 24 hours previously. Blood samples were taken at various time intervals after the cross-circulation was completed. When the specific activity of the nonphospholipid fatty acids was plotted against time, a semilogarithmic curve was obtained that was resolved into two exponential components with mean half-life times of 22.3 ± 21.9 (S.D.) and 905 ± 182 (S.D.) minutes. A half-life time of 327 ± 81 (S.D.) minutes was found for the phospholipid fatty acids. In one experiment the nonphospholipid fat was further fractionated chromatographically into triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The half-life times of the fatty acids of these two fractions were comparable to the values obtained for the fast and slow components, respectively, found in the preceding experiments. The turnover rate of the triglyceride fatty acids was 1502 ± 505 (S.D.) mg/hr. The rate of appearance of the cholesterol ester fatty acids into the plasma was 29.0 ± 32.7 (S.D.) mg/hr.; the rate of disappearance, 63.4 ± 38.0 (S.D.) mg/hr. A turnover rate of 125.2 ± 49.2 (S.D.) mg/hr. was found for the phospholipid fatty acids in the earlier experiments. The large turnover rate of the plasma triglyceride fatty acids strongly suggests that this fraction is important in the transport of fatty acids in the postabsorptive dog.

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