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2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1800-1807
Author(s):  
Sandy Suryady ◽  
Eko Aprianto Nugroho ◽  
Abdul Muchlis

The Community Health Center (Puskesmas) does not yet have special facilities for treating medical waste such as hospitals. Hospital/Puskesmas waste and waste generated by hospital activities and other supporting activities. Make a machine that destroys waste injection equipment equipped with a knife made of SKD as a plastic syringe destroyer. Design of a syringe crushing machine in the form of needles and syringes, Analyze the von misses stress received by the frame structure of the syringe crusher, Analyze the displacement by the load received by the frame structure of the syringe crusher, Analyze the safety factor of the frame structure of the crusher syringe. Analyzing using solidworks 2016 software, the results obtained are the maximum value of von misses, displacement, and safety of factor from the lower frame of the syringe waste crusher machine. Von misses stress obtained in the analysis using Solidworks 2016 gets a value of 48.54 Mpa in software calculations, while in theoretical calculations it is 48.01 Mpa. The percentage of errors calculated by software and theory is 1%. The displacement obtained in the analysis using Solidworks 2016 software is 0.34 mm in theoretical calculations of 0.35 mm. The percentage of errors calculated by software and theory is 2%. The safety factor obtained in the solidwork analysis gets a value of 4.7 ul (upper limit), while the theoretical calculation is 5.2 ul (upper limit) which means this frame is declared safe when the engine is operating.


Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Yuk Ying Cheng ◽  
Jian Zhen Yu

Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) are among the most abundant products in cooking emission, and thus could serve as potential molecular tracers in estimating the contributions of cooking emission to particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in the atmosphere. Organic tracer analysis in filter-based samples generally involves extraction by organic solvents, followed by filtration. In these procedures, disposable plastic labware is commonly used due to convenience and as a precaution against sample-to-sample cross contamination. However, we observed contamination for both C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids, their levels reaching 6–8 ppm in method blanks and leading to their detection in 9% and 42% of PM2.5 samples from Hong Kong, indistinguishable from the blank. We present in this work the identification of plastic syringe and plastic syringe filter disc as the contamination sources. We further demonstrated that a new method procedure using glass syringe and stainless-steel syringe filter holder offers a successful solution. The new method has reduced the contamination level from 6.6 ± 1.2 to 2.6 ± 0.9 ppm for C16:0 and from 8.9 ± 2.1 to 1.9 ± 0.8 ppm for C18:0 fatty acid. Consequently, the limit of detection (LOD) for C16:0 has decreased by 57% from 1.8 to 0.8 ppm and 56% for C18:0 fatty acid from 3.2 to 1.4 ppm. Reductions in both LOD and blank variability has allowed the increase in quantification rate of the two fatty acids in ambient samples and thereby retrieving more data for estimating the contribution of cooking emission to ambient PM2.5. With the assistance of three cooking related tracers, palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and cholesterol, positive matrix factorization analysis of a dataset of PM2.5 samples collected from urban Hong Kong resolved a cooking emission source. The results indicate that cooking was a significant local PM2.5 source, contributing to an average of 2.2 µgC/m3 (19%) to organic carbon at a busy downtown roadside location and 1.8 µgC/m3 (15%) at a general urban site.


Author(s):  
Ennie Luana Melo Cunha ◽  
Roberta Duarte Sales ◽  
Zênia Trindade Souto Araújo ◽  
Girlene Camilo Gomes ◽  
Ciro Leite Mendes ◽  
...  

Introduction: The cuff pressure is measured in industrial equipment, however, be valid in the craft equipment is still questioned. Objective: To evaluate the reliability of the measurement methods of cuff pressure endotracheal tubes with industrialized and handmade equipment. Method: Were analyzed 40 endotracheal tubes, two brands (Solidor and Ruschelit) and different diameter (8,0 mm and 8,5mm), inflated 20mL of air in the pilot balloon with plastic syringe and 20 mL, followed by pressure measurement device with industrial (cmH2 O) and handmade device (mmHg). After the conversion of cmH2O values for mmHg, the reliability and agreement of measurements were performed by intra-class correlation (ICC) and Bland-Altman tests, respectively, using SPSS (version 15.0) and adopting a significance level of 5% for all comparisons. Results: The data showed similarity between the different pressure equipment, brands and diameter, and demonstrated strong correlation and agreement between the methods. Tube Rus8,0mm industrial versus handmade (28.2±5.8 vs 28.4±6.2 mmHg: ICC=0.998; bias=0.20); Tube Solidor8.0mm industrial versus handmade (75.9±1.1 vs 76.4±1.2 mmHg: ICC=0.878; bias=0.40); Tube Rus8.5mm industrial versus handmade (17.1±8.8 vs 17.8±8.9 mmHg: ICC=0.999; bias=0.67); Tube Sol8.5mm industrial versus handmade (78.7±4.7 vs 78.6±4.6 mmHg: ICC=0.996; bias=-0.1). Conclusion: The high reliability and agreement presented in this study suggest that the cuff pressure gauge handmade can be used safely to evaluate the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube.


2019 ◽  
pp. 089719001986785
Author(s):  
Harsh S. Shah ◽  
Rochelle F. Rubin ◽  
Gargi R. Lakhwani ◽  
Robert DiGregorio ◽  
Rutesh H. Dave

Purpose: To assess the stability of insulin detemir at controlled room temperature (RT) at 25°C in different packaging systems over 7 days. Methods: The degradation characteristics of insulin detemir were determined based on the assay results in different packaging systems (pinhole glass vial, closed glass vial, glass syringe, and plastic syringe) at RT using a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method for insulin injection. Each packaging system was compared to insulin detemir stored in the original packaged closed glass vial at 2°C to 8°C. Results: Insulin detemir stored in a closed glass vial and a glass syringe showed minor degradation at the end of day 7 (98.96% ± 1.49% and 99.78% ± 0.10%, respectively). Insulin detemir stored in plastic syringe decreased to 94.90% ± 2.50% by day 3 and to 93.52% ± 0.29% by day 7. Storage in pin-hole glass vial showed an increase in the assay (152.13% ± 0.12%) by day 7. Conclusion: Stability studies in different packaging systems demonstrated that insulin detemir remained stable for at least 7 days in a closed glass vial or glass syringe, but for only 3 days in a plastic syringe at RT. This study will allow pharmacists in the hospital setting to deliver patient-specific insulin doses into an insulin syringe with confidence in the stability.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Amitabh Jena ◽  
GajjalaVenkata Sivanath Reddy ◽  
NaruRamana Reddy ◽  
Rashmi Patnayak ◽  
Banoth Manilal
Keyword(s):  

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Matthieu Tubino ◽  
Luís Francisco Bianchessi ◽  
Marta Maria Duarte Carvalho Vila

This article reports a microgravimetric method for the quantitative determination of metformin in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations. The analysis is simple and relatively rapid. A complete analysis can be performed in only an hour and thirty minutes due to the drying procedure of the precipitate. However a sample can be treated every each five minutes. The method is based on the reaction of nickel (II) with metformin that in basic medium forms an orange precipitate. The reaction is performed in a plastic syringe. The filtration was done in a glass tube containing a sintered glass disk or in Millipore® syringe filters, with posterior weighing after drying. The analytical results were statistically compared with that obtained with a HPLC and with the titrimetric method suggested by the United States and by the Japanese pharmacopoeias.


RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 12071-12077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenming Wu ◽  
Kieu The Loan Trinh ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Nae Yoon Lee

A strategy for realizing self-actuated pumping with uniform flow rate over a long distance is introduced using hands-on operation of disposable syringe, and was applied for on-chip flow-through PCR inside a serpentine PMMA microchannel.


2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gedikli ◽  
Şeyda Ceylan ◽  
Mahmut Erzengin ◽  
Mehmet Odabaşı

A novel 1-naphthylamine (NA) coupled poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-methacryloyl-(L)-histidine methyl ester) [NA-PHEMAH] supermacroporous monolithic hydrophobic cryogel was prepared via covalent coupling of NA to PHEMAH for adsorption of lysozyme from aqueous solution. Firstly, PHEMAH monolithic cryogel was prepared by radical cryocopolymerization of HEMA with MAH as a functional comonomer and N,N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBAAm) as a crosslinker directly in a plastic syringe, and then NA molecules were covalently attached to the imidazole rings of MAH groups of the polymeric structure. The prepared, NA-PHEMAH, supermacroporous monolithic hydrophobic cryogel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of initial lysozyme concentration, pH, salt type, temperature and flow rate on the adsorption efficiency of monolithic hydrophobic cryogel were studied in a column system. The maximum amount of lysozyme adsorption from aqueous solution in phosphate buffer was 86.1 mg/g polymer at pH 8.0 with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. It was observed that lysozyme could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with the NA-PHEMAH monolithic hydrophobic cryogel without significant loss of the adsorption capacity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Indriasari . ◽  
Remy E.P. Mangindaan ◽  
Inneke F.M. Rumengan

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Efektifitas polisakarida yang diekstrak dari alga, Euchema cottonii, terhadap respon imun ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus)This study was aimed to test the effectiveness of polysaccharide extracts of algae, Eucheuma cottonii, in increasing the nonspecific immune response and to get an extract with best efficacy on the immune response of the tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The design used completely randomized design (CRD) using 4 treatments, 0 mg/kg of saline material (A), 10 mg/kg of E. cottonii extract (B), 10 mg/kg of Iota (C), and 100 cells/ml of formaline killed vaccine (FKV), Aeromonas hydrophilla, each of which were with 3 (three) replications. The fish were acclimated for 2 weeks, and then treated for 4 weeks. Test animals were vaccinated through intraperitoneal injection 2 times at one week interval as much as 0.2 ml FKV taken with disposable plastic 1 ml syringe. The vaccination was done injecting the bacteria, A. hydrophilla, previously killed in 0.4% formaldehyde FKV at the density of 109 cells / ml. Then the test fish were injected with the test material extract solution. E. cottonii as much as 0.2 ml / fish. Injection point was between the pelvic fins and the lateral line near the anus. The results showed that administration of the polysaccharide extracted from algae in tilapia gave significant effect on nonspecific immune response increment of the fish (total leukocytes and phagocytic activity). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan ekstrak polysakarida alga laut, Eucheuma cottonii, dalam meningkatkan respons kebal non-spesifik dan untuk mendapatkan suatu ekstrak dengan kualitas terbaik terhadap respons kebal ikan nila, Oreochromis niloticus.  Penelitian ini mengguna-kan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah A = 0 mg.kg-1 untuk bahan uji saline; B = 10 mg.kg-1 ekstrak alga E. cottonii; C = 10 mg.kg-1 untuk iota; D = FKV A. hydrophilla 109 sel/ml. Ikan nila pertama-tama dipelihara dalam kolam (2 x 1 m) selama 2 minggu untuk proses aklimatisasi dan kemudian diberi perlakuan selama 4 minggu. Hewan uji divaksinasi dengan injeksi secara intraperitoneal (IP) dilakukan 2 kali dengan selang waktu seminggu sebanyak 0,2 ml FKV yang diambil dengan plastic syringe disposable 1 ml. Vaksinasi dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan bakteri A. hydrophilla yang telah dimatikan dengan formalin 0,4% FKV pada kepadatan 109 sel/ml. Kemudian ikan uji disuntik dengan bahan uji larutan ekstrak E. cottonii dengan dosis penyuntikan 0,2 ml larutan/ikan. Titik suntik diantara sirip perut dan lateral line dekat anus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian polisakarida yang diekstrak dari alga pada ikan nila memberi pengaruh yang nyata terhadap peningkatan respon imun nonspesifik ikan (total leukosit dan aktivitas fagositosis).


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