A comparative study of free radicals in vertebrates—II. Non-enzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 105 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. López-Torres ◽  
R. Pérez-Campo ◽  
S. Cadenas ◽  
C. Rojas ◽  
G. Barja
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

Relationship between atherogenic index and oxidative stress among patients presented with coronary artery disease in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2807-2813
Author(s):  
Resmi C R ◽  
Kedari G S R ◽  
Deepa P K
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Lipid Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

CAD is recognized as a multifactorial disease that is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of lipid parameters, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in subjects with CAD compared to their age & sex matched controls and to analyze the relationship between atherogenic Index and oxidative stress among them 62 clinically proved CAD patients and 62 healthy age and sex matched subjects without CAD were selected for this study. 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects and investigations such as FPG, lipid profile, oxidative markers Malondialdehyde (MDA), F2 isoprostanes (F2iso) and antioxidants glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin-C, vitamin-E were performed. This study showed that levels of lipid parameters total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and AI were significantly higher whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly low in CAD patients compared to normal controls. Oxidative stress markers MDA and F2 Isoprostanes level were significantly high, whereas enzymatic antioxidants GST and SOD and non-enzymatic antioxidants Vitamin-C and Vitamin-E levels were significantly low in CAD patients. Oxidative stress markers were found to significantly influence the AI. Results of this study showed that oxidative stress markers F2iso and MDA and antioxidants GST, VIT-C and VIT-E are found to influence the atherogenic index significantly.

scholarly journals Free Radicals, Metal Ions and Oxidative Stress: Chemical Mechanisms of Damage and Protection in Living Systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rotilio ◽  
L. Rossi ◽  
A. de Martino ◽  
Ana Maria da Costa Ferreira ◽  
M.R. Ciriolo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Antioxidant system in Uromastyx philbyi during hibernation and activity periods

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-868
Author(s):  
Mohamed Afifi ◽  
Ali Alkaladi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Group I ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractHibernation is an extreme physiological state characterized by profound decreases in oxidative metabolism and body temperature during bouts of prolonged torpor, interrupted by brief periods of arousal with sudden increases in oxidative metabolism, with alterations in antioxidant defenses. We monitored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress during hibernation and activity in Uromastyx philbyi. 20 animals were used, 10 of which were collected in the hibernation season (group I) and the other 10 collected during the active period (group II). Blood, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and brain samples were used to determine free radical and antioxidant levels. The results indicated a significant decrease of free radicals and increase of vitamin C, especially in serum during hibernation. In contrast, during the active period free radicals, enzymatic antioxidants as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidants as reduce glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E increased in all studied tissues. It can be concluded that Uromastyx philbyi has a strong antioxidant defense system that protects it from the injurious effects of free radicals either at the periods of arousal or during activity periods.

scholarly journals In vitro toxic evaluation of two gliptins and their main impurities of synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila F. A. Giordani ◽  
Sarah Campanharo ◽  
Nathalie R. Wingert ◽  
Lívia M. Bueno ◽  
Joanna W. Manoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mtt Reduction ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background The presence of impurities in some drugs may compromise the safety and efficacy of the patient’s treatment. Therefore, establishing of the biological safety of the impurities is essential. Diabetic patients are predisposed to tissue damage due to an increased oxidative stress process; and drug impurities may contribute to these toxic effects. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the toxicity, in 3 T3 cells, of the antidiabetic agents sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and their two main impurities of synthesis (S1 and S2; V1 and V2, respectively). Methods MTT reduction and neutral red uptake assays were performed in cytotoxicity tests. In addition, DNA damage (measured by comet assay), intracellular free radicals (by DCF), NO production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM) were evaluated. Results Cytotoxicity was observed for impurity V2. Free radicals generation was found at 1000 μM of sitagliptin and 10 μM of both vildagliptin impurities (V1 and V2). A decrease in NO production was observed for all vildagliptin concentrations. No alterations were observed in ΔψM or DNA damage at the tested concentrations. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the presence of impurities might increase the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of the pharmaceutical formulations at the concentrations studied.

scholarly journals Biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in Tunisian patients with periodontal disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gharbi ◽  
Ali Hamila ◽  
Adel Bouguezzi ◽  
Azza Dandana ◽  
Salima Ferchichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Oxidative stress is involved in many diseases including diabetes and cancer. Numbers of studies have suggested its involvement in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in plasma of healthy and chronic periodontitis patients. Methods One hundred thirty subjects were divided into two groups; patients (mean age = 42 ± 13.6 y.o) and control (mean age = 44.8 ± 12.6 y.o). Patients and healthy subjects were free from any infection, coronary or heart disease, diabetes or liver failure. Total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, Triglycerides (TG), creatinine, uric acid (UA), glucose and urea levels as well as the activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, glutathione reductase (GR) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), were measured in plasma samples using colorimetric assays. Statistical differences between groups were determined by Student’s t-test and p ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Periodontitis patients exhibited significant decrease in the activities of catalase, TAOC, GR and TG, cholesterol, LDLc, glucose, HDLc, uric acid levels in plasma samples in comparison with healthy subjects. However, no statistically significant differences in the levels of creatinine and urea were observed between the two groups. Conclusion The reduction of plasma antioxidant activities (Catalase, TAOC, GR) may have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Our findings suggest a decrease in the host capacity to control the damage caused by oxidative stress. Therefore, therapeutic strategies, aiming at modulating the oxidative stress could be considered as potential tools for the prevention or treatment of periodontal diseases and their potential systemic effects on the general health.

Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress

2004 ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Mach ◽  
Jean T. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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