How much of the human disease burden is attributable to environmental chemicals?

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Tomatis
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Environmental Chemicals

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Toxicity: Connecting the Environment and Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Tu ◽  
Liang Chi ◽  
Wanda Bodnar ◽  
Zhenfa Zhang ◽  
Bei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Environmental Agents

The human gut microbiome can be easily disturbed upon exposure to a range of toxic environmental agents. Environmentally induced perturbation in the gut microbiome is strongly associated with human disease risk. Functional gut microbiome alterations that may adversely influence human health is an increasingly appreciated mechanism by which environmental chemicals exert their toxic effects. In this review, we define the functional damage driven by environmental exposure in the gut microbiome as gut microbiome toxicity. The establishment of gut microbiome toxicity links the toxic effects of various environmental agents and microbiota-associated diseases, calling for more comprehensive toxicity evaluation with extended consideration of gut microbiome toxicity.

scholarly journals Throw out the Map: Neuropathogenesis of the Globally Expanding California Serogroup of Orthobunyaviruses

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa B. Evans ◽  
Karin E. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
La Crosse Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
California Serogroup

The California serogroup (CSG) comprises 18 serologically and genetically related mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses. Of these viruses, at least seven have been shown to cause neurological disease in humans, including the leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the USA, La Crosse virus. Despite the disease burden from these viruses, much is still unknown about the CSG viruses. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the CSG viruses, including human disease and the mechanisms of neuropathogenesis.

scholarly journals Evidence of human infection by a new mammarenavirus endemic to Southeastern Asia

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R Blasdell ◽  
Veasna Duong ◽  
Marc Eloit ◽  
Fabrice Chretien ◽  
Sowath Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diverse Species

Southeastern Asia is a recognised hotspot for emerging infectious diseases, many of which have an animal origin. Mammarenavirus infections contribute significantly to the human disease burden in both Africa and the Americas, but little data exists for Asia. To date only two mammarenaviruses, the widely spread lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and the recently described Wēnzhōu virus have been identified in this region, but the zoonotic impact in Asia remains unknown. Here we report the presence of a novel mammarenavirus and of a genetic variant of the Wēnzhōu virus and provide evidence of mammarenavirus-associated human infection in Asia. The association of these viruses with widely distributed mammals of diverse species, commonly found in human dwellings and in peridomestic habitats, illustrates the potential for widespread zoonotic transmission and adds to the known aetiologies of infectious diseases for this region.

scholarly journals Attributing the Human Disease Burden of Foodborne Infections to Specific Sources

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Pires ◽  
Eric G. Evers ◽  
Wilfrid van Pelt ◽  
Tracy Ayers ◽  
Elaine Scallan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Foodborne Infections

Use of Protein a Conjugated to Peroxidase to Localize Immunoglobulin G in SSPE Ferret Brain

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Anthony F. Nostro ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Sspe Virus ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Brain

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressing disease of the CNS in children which is caused by measles virus. Ferrets immunized with measles virus prior to inoculation with the cell associated, syncytiogenic D.R. strain of SSPE virus exhibit characteristics very similar to the human disease. Measles virus nucleocapsids are present, high measles antibody titers are found in the sera and inflammatory lesions are prominent in the brains. Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) is present in the brain,and IgG/ albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS.

Spectroscopic imaging of human disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D.J. Meyerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tissue Water

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) observes tissue water in the presence of a magnetic field gradient to study morphological changes such as tissue volume loss and signal hyperintensities in human disease. These changes are mostly non-specific and do not appear to be correlated with the range of severity of a certain disease. In contrast, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), which measures many different chemicals and tissue metabolites in the millimolar concentration range in the absence of a magnetic field gradient, has been shown to reveal characteristic metabolite patterns which are often correlated with the severity of a disease. In-vivo MRS studies are performed on widely available MRI scanners without any “sample preparation” or invasive procedures and are therefore widely used in clinical research. Hydrogen (H) MRS and MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI, conceptionally a combination of MRI and MRS) measure N-acetylaspartate (a putative marker of neurons), creatine-containing metabolites (involved in energy processes in the cell), choline-containing metabolites (involved in membrane metabolism and, possibly, inflammatory processes),

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