Biological effects of aging on bone and the central nervous system

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuo Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Effects Of Aging

scholarly journals Bacopa monnieri: Historical aspects to promising pharmacological actions for the treatment of central nervous system diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-155
Author(s):  
Andreia Fuentes Santos ◽  
◽  
Marilia Moraes Queiroz Souza ◽  
Karoline Bach Pauli ◽  
Gustavo Ratti da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Bacopa monnieri(L.) Wettst. (Plantaginaceae), also known as Brahmi, has been used to improve cognitive processes and intellectual functions that are related to the preservation of memory. The objective of this research is to review the ethnobotanical applications, phytochemical composition, toxicity and activity of B. monnieriin the central nervous system. It reviewed articles on B. monnieriusing Google Scholar, SciELO, Science Direct, Lilacs, Medline, and PubMed. Saponins are the main compounds in extracts of B. monnieri. Pharmacological studies showed that B. monnieriimproves learning and memory and presents biological effects against Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. No preclinical acute toxicity was reported. However, gastrointestinal side effects were reported in some healthy elderly individuals. Most studies with B. monnierihave been preclinical evaluations of cellular mechanisms in the central nervous system and further translational clinical research needs to be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the plant.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo track structure simulation in studies of biological effects induced by accelerated charged particles in the central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munkhbaatar Batmunkh ◽  
Lkhagvaa Bayarchimeg ◽  
Aleksandr N. Bugay ◽  
Oidov Lkhagva
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Simulating the biological damage induced by charged particles trajectories (tracks) in the central nervous system (CNS) at different levels of its organization (molecular, cellular, and tissue) is a challenge of modern radiobiology studies. According to the recent experimental studies at particle accelerators, the most radiation-sensitive area of the CNS is the hippocampus. In this regards, the development of measurement-based Monte Carlo simulation of radiation-induced alterations in the hippocampus is of great interest to understand the radiobiological effects on the CNS. The present work investigates the influence of charged particles on the hippocampal cells of the rat brain using the Geant4 Monte Carlo radiation transport code. The applied computer simulation provides a method to simulate physics processes and chemical reactions in the developed model of the rat hippocampus, which contains different types of neural cells - pyramidal cells, mature and immature granular cells, mossy cells, and neural stem cells. The distribution of stochastic energy depositions has been obtained and analyzed in critical structures of the hippocampal neurons after irradiation with 600 MeV/u iron particles. The computed energy deposition in irradiated hippocampal neurons following a track of iron ion suggests that most of the energy is accumulated by granular cells. The obtained quantities at the level of molecular targets also assume that NMDA and GABA receptors belong to the most probable targets in the irradiated neural cells.

Effects of aging on the content, composition and synthesis of sphingomyelin in the central nervous system

Lipids ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 835-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma M. Giusto ◽  
Marta E. Roque ◽  
Monica G. Ilincheta de Boschero
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Biological effects of stannous chloride, a substance that can produce stimulation or depression of the central nervous system

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R Silva ◽  
M.B.N Oliveira ◽  
S.F Melo ◽  
F.J.S Dantas ◽  
J.C.P de Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Effects of Mulberry on The Central Nervous System: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-219
Author(s):  
Dao Ngoc Hien Tam ◽  
Nguyen Hai Nam ◽  
Mohamed Tamer Elhady ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
Osama Gamal Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Mulberry, including several species belonging to genus Morus, has been widely used as a traditional medicine for a long time. Extracts and active components of mulberry have many positive neurological and biological effects and can become potential candidates in the search for new drugs for neurological disorders. Objectives: We aimed to systematically review the medical literature for evidence of mulberry effects on the central nervous system. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in nine databases. We included all in vivo studies investigating the effect of mulberry on the central nervous system with no restrictions. Results: We finally included 47 articles for quality synthesis. Our findings showed that mulberry and its components possessed an antioxidant effect, showed a reduction in the cerebral infarct volume after stroke. They also improved the cognitive function, learning process, and reduced memory impairment in many animal models. M. alba and its extracts ameliorated Parkinson's disease-like behaviors, limited the complications of diabetes mellitus on the central nervous system, possessed anti-convulsant, anti-depressive, and anxiolytic effects. Conclusion: Mulberry species proved beneficial to many neurological functions in animal models. The active ingredients of each species, especially M. alba, should be deeper studied for screening potentially candidates for future treatments

scholarly journals Focused Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles in Central Nervous System Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Ko-Ting Chen ◽  
Kuo-Chen Wei ◽  
Hao-Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts ◽  
Capillary Endothelial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from invasive pathogens and maintains the homeostasis of the brain. Penetrating the BBB has been a major challenge in the delivery of therapeutic agents for treating CNS diseases. Through a physical acoustic cavitation effect, focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles achieves the local detachment of tight junctions of capillary endothelial cells without inducing neuronal damage. The bioavailability of therapeutic agents is increased only in the area targeted by FUS energy. FUS with circulating microbubbles is currently the only method for inducing precise, transient, reversible, and noninvasive BBB opening (BBBO). Over the past decade, FUS-induced BBBO (FUS-BBBO) has been preclinically confirmed to not only enhance the penetration of therapeutic agents in the CNS, but also modulate focal immunity and neuronal activity. Several recent clinical human trials have demonstrated both the feasibility and potential advantages of using FUS-BBBO in diseased patients. The promising results support adding FUS-BBBO as a multimodal therapeutic strategy in modern CNS disease management. This review article explores this technology by describing its physical mechanisms and the preclinical findings, including biological effects, therapeutic concepts, and translational design of human medical devices, and summarizes completed and ongoing clinical trials.

Experimental Radiobiological Investigations into Radiosurgery: Present Understanding and Future Directions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Niranjan ◽  
Glenn T. Gobbel ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
John C. Flickinger ◽  
L. Dade Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Radiobiological Effects

Abstract LARS LEKSELL BEGAN radiobiological investigations to study the effect of high-dose focused radiation on the central nervous system more than 5 decades ago. Although the effects of radiosurgery on the brain tumor microenvironment are still under investigation, radiosurgery has become a preferred management modality for many intracranial tumors and vascular malformations. The effects and the pathogenesis of biological effects after radiosurgery may be unique. The need for basic research concerning the radiobiological effects of high-dose, single-fraction, ionizing radiation on nervous system tissue is crucial. Information from those studies would be useful in devising strategies to avoid, prevent, or ameliorate damage to normal tissue without compromising treatment efficacy. The development of future applications of radiosurgery will depend on an increase in our understanding of the radiobiology of radiosurgery, which in turn will affect the efficacy of treatment. This article analyzes the current state of radiosurgery research with regard to the nature of central nervous system effects, the techniques developed to increase therapeutic efficacy, investigations into the use of radiosurgery for functional disorders, radiosurgery as a tool for investigations into basic central nervous system biology, and the additional areas that require further investigation.

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