Biological Effects of Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields on the Central Nervous System

1983 ◽  
pp. 359-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ross Adey
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Bacopa monnieri: Historical aspects to promising pharmacological actions for the treatment of central nervous system diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-155
Author(s):  
Andreia Fuentes Santos ◽  
◽  
Marilia Moraes Queiroz Souza ◽  
Karoline Bach Pauli ◽  
Gustavo Ratti da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bacopa Monnieri ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Bacopa monnieri(L.) Wettst. (Plantaginaceae), also known as Brahmi, has been used to improve cognitive processes and intellectual functions that are related to the preservation of memory. The objective of this research is to review the ethnobotanical applications, phytochemical composition, toxicity and activity of B. monnieriin the central nervous system. It reviewed articles on B. monnieriusing Google Scholar, SciELO, Science Direct, Lilacs, Medline, and PubMed. Saponins are the main compounds in extracts of B. monnieri. Pharmacological studies showed that B. monnieriimproves learning and memory and presents biological effects against Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. No preclinical acute toxicity was reported. However, gastrointestinal side effects were reported in some healthy elderly individuals. Most studies with B. monnierihave been preclinical evaluations of cellular mechanisms in the central nervous system and further translational clinical research needs to be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the plant.

Counteracting Psychological Fatigue Effects by Stimulus Change

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corwin A. Bennett ◽  
Frederick S. Marcellus ◽  
James F. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Over Time

Psychological fatigue effects, while they presumably result from some changes in the central nervous system, may best be defined today as performance loss over time when respiratory, circulatory and musculature disfunctioning are not involved. Most research recently on psychological fatigue has been under the rubric of “vigilence” where the worker is generally passive. Much procedural work (repetitive with low energy expenditure) involves activity which over a period of time may have fatigue performance effects as well as being boring. Two experiments were carried out on thirty and twenty subjects performing arithmetic for three hours. In one study three groups of matched subjects had no rest periods, passive rest or active rest periods. Active rest was superior to the other conditions. In the other study no rest was used, but one of two groups of matched subjects was rotated to a non-arithmetic clerical task briefly. This change-of-task produced reduced fatigue effects.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo track structure simulation in studies of biological effects induced by accelerated charged particles in the central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munkhbaatar Batmunkh ◽  
Lkhagvaa Bayarchimeg ◽  
Aleksandr N. Bugay ◽  
Oidov Lkhagva
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Simulating the biological damage induced by charged particles trajectories (tracks) in the central nervous system (CNS) at different levels of its organization (molecular, cellular, and tissue) is a challenge of modern radiobiology studies. According to the recent experimental studies at particle accelerators, the most radiation-sensitive area of the CNS is the hippocampus. In this regards, the development of measurement-based Monte Carlo simulation of radiation-induced alterations in the hippocampus is of great interest to understand the radiobiological effects on the CNS. The present work investigates the influence of charged particles on the hippocampal cells of the rat brain using the Geant4 Monte Carlo radiation transport code. The applied computer simulation provides a method to simulate physics processes and chemical reactions in the developed model of the rat hippocampus, which contains different types of neural cells - pyramidal cells, mature and immature granular cells, mossy cells, and neural stem cells. The distribution of stochastic energy depositions has been obtained and analyzed in critical structures of the hippocampal neurons after irradiation with 600 MeV/u iron particles. The computed energy deposition in irradiated hippocampal neurons following a track of iron ion suggests that most of the energy is accumulated by granular cells. The obtained quantities at the level of molecular targets also assume that NMDA and GABA receptors belong to the most probable targets in the irradiated neural cells.

scholarly journals Facilitating drug delivery in the central nervous system by opening the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier with a single low energy shockwave pulse

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Kung ◽  
Kuan-Yu Chen ◽  
Wei-Hao Liao ◽  
Yi-Hua Hsu ◽  
Chueh-Hung Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Energy Flux Density

Abstract Background The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) is critically important to the pathophysiology of the central nervous system (CNS). However, this barrier prevents the safe transmission of beneficial drugs from the blood to the CSF and thus the spinal cord and brain, limiting their effectiveness in treating a variety of CNS diseases. Methods This study demonstrates a method on SD rats for reversible and site-specific opening of the BCSFB via a noninvasive, low-energy focused shockwave (FSW) pulse (energy flux density 0.03 mJ/mm2) with SonoVue microbubbles (2 × 106 MBs/kg), posing a low risk of injury. Results By opening the BCSFB, the concentrations of certain CNS-impermeable indicators (70 kDa Evans blue and 500 kDa FITC-dextran) and drugs (penicillin G, doxorubicin, and bevacizumab) could be significantly elevated in the CSF around both the brain and the spinal cord. Moreover, glioblastoma model rats treated by doxorubicin with this FSW-induced BCSFB (FSW-BCSFB) opening technique also survived significantly longer than untreated controls. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate and validate a method for noninvasively and selectively opening the BCSFB to enhance drug delivery into CSF circulation. Potential applications may include treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, CNS infections, brain tumors, and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

Biological effects of stannous chloride, a substance that can produce stimulation or depression of the central nervous system

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R Silva ◽  
M.B.N Oliveira ◽  
S.F Melo ◽  
F.J.S Dantas ◽  
J.C.P de Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Oxidative stress effects on the central nervous system of rats after acute exposure to ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amâncio R. Ferreira ◽  
Fernanda Bonatto ◽  
Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali ◽  
Manuela Polydoro ◽  
Felipe Dal-Pizzol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Ultra High Frequency ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Effects of Mulberry on The Central Nervous System: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-219
Author(s):  
Dao Ngoc Hien Tam ◽  
Nguyen Hai Nam ◽  
Mohamed Tamer Elhady ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
Osama Gamal Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Mulberry, including several species belonging to genus Morus, has been widely used as a traditional medicine for a long time. Extracts and active components of mulberry have many positive neurological and biological effects and can become potential candidates in the search for new drugs for neurological disorders. Objectives: We aimed to systematically review the medical literature for evidence of mulberry effects on the central nervous system. Methods: We conducted a systematic search in nine databases. We included all in vivo studies investigating the effect of mulberry on the central nervous system with no restrictions. Results: We finally included 47 articles for quality synthesis. Our findings showed that mulberry and its components possessed an antioxidant effect, showed a reduction in the cerebral infarct volume after stroke. They also improved the cognitive function, learning process, and reduced memory impairment in many animal models. M. alba and its extracts ameliorated Parkinson's disease-like behaviors, limited the complications of diabetes mellitus on the central nervous system, possessed anti-convulsant, anti-depressive, and anxiolytic effects. Conclusion: Mulberry species proved beneficial to many neurological functions in animal models. The active ingredients of each species, especially M. alba, should be deeper studied for screening potentially candidates for future treatments

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