Effect of Rice Carbohydrate Malabsorption on Child Growth

Background: The appropriate assessment of nutritional status in children is an essential aspect of health supervision. Currently, there are two references used for growth assessment in Thailand. The WHO child growth standard, which has been widely used since 2007, and the Thai growth reference developed by the Ministry of Public Health, which has been used since 1998. However, there were very few studies that made a direct comparison between both tools. Objective: To compare the nutritional status of healthy pediatric patients in Ramathibodi Hospital assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standard and the Thai growth reference. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The data were collected from all pediatric patients registered in the outpatient department (OPD) of Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital between January 2013 and December 2018. All healthy children (aged 0 to 15 years) were included. Exclusion criteria of possibly chronically ill children were defined by those who were 1) visiting subspecialty clinics, 2) OPD and emergency room (ER) visits more than ten times per year, 3) having ICD-10 of chronic conditions, or 4) had been admitted in the hospital during the study. The weight and height or length data were extracted from the Electronic Medical Record system. All data were analyzed by the Stata Statistical Software focusing on age and sex-specific Z-scores, which references the WHO child growth standard and the Thai growth reference. Results: Sixty-two thousand one hundred four OPD visits were divided into 31,662 OPD visits for boys and 30,442 OPD visits for girls. Percent of weight for age and height or length for age more than +2 Z-score of both boys and girls when using the Thai growth reference was greater than that using the WHO child growth standard, especially for children aged 0 to 12 months. The Thai growth reference classified as overweight were approximately 10.26% to 31.12% more than using the WHO child growth standard. There was no difference in classification of height by both standards. Conclusion: There was a difference in classification of nutritional status between the Thai growth reference and the WHO child growth standard. Keywords: Nutritional status, Pediatric growth reference, Assessment tool, Overweight

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Refrigeration and Child Growth: What Is the Connection?

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3464412 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Martinez ◽

Juan Manuel Murguia ◽

Brisa Rejas ◽

Solis Winters

Keyword(s):

Child Growth

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See How They Grow: Testing the Feasibility of a Mobile App to Support Parents' Understanding of Child Growth Charts

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3572910 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gayl Humphrey ◽

Rosie Dobson ◽

Varsha Parag ◽

Marion Hiemstra ◽

Stephen Howie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Growth ◽

Mobile App ◽

Growth Charts

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Malnutrition pathway for the impact of in utero drought shock on child growth indicators in rural households

Environment and Development Economics ◽

10.1017/s1355770x20000571 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Olukorede Abiona

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

In Utero ◽

Child Growth ◽

Potential Interaction ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

Growth Indices ◽

Short Term ◽

Gestational Period ◽

The Impact ◽

Level Reduction

Abstract This paper evaluates the short-term health effects of in utero drought shock using repeated cross-section household data on Malawi. The main finding reveals that the effects of in utero harvest variability caused by rainfall shocks on child growth indices are driven by the deleterious effects of negative rainfall deviations, namely droughts. Negative rainfall deviation during the agricultural season prior to the gestational period of a child leads to a 21.8 per cent average local level reduction in age-standardized height scores, with the counterpart positive rainfall deviation having no apparent effect. The paper also uses harvest and consumption patterns to establish an important link between early-life malnutrition and growth serving as a precursor for the fetal period programming hypothesis in the literature. The direct impact of embryonic period shocks on growth provides supportive evidence on potential interaction between nutritional and environmental pathways.

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Relationships of Resource Strategies, Family Composition, and Child Growth in Two Rural Timor-Leste Communities

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10070273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Phoebe R. Spencer ◽

Debra S. Judge

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Principal Component ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Child Growth ◽

Household Composition ◽

Large Animal ◽

Family Composition ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Pension Income ◽

Timor Leste

Subsistence and economic activities undertaken by households in the context of transition from subsistence farming to cash economies are sometimes seen as substitutable with only minimal reference to the households themselves. We use data from in-depth interviews of 190 householders in Ossu (mountains) and Natarbora (coastal plains), Timor-Leste, to query relationships of family composition, resource strategies, and their relationships to children’s growth. Principal component analyses of six household composition variables reveal “grandparent and fostered-in children”, “two generational households with numerous adults and children”, and “smaller households with few adults and fostered-out children”, explaining 72% of the variance. A similar procedure with 11 resource variables produced four components explaining 56% of resource variance. Households with grandparents have a pension income and engage in large animal husbandry, and are associated with better standardized BMI for resident children. Households with numerous members (but not grandparents) are more invested in subsistence gardening and are negatively associated with child stature. Salaried income is not associated with household composition, but children in these households are taller than their peers. Consistent differences between the two communities are partially a result of differences in socioecology, but there remain unexplained differences that may relate to cultural practices.

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Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Relation to Child Malnutrition in Gauteng, South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis

Children ◽

10.3390/children8020133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Perpetua Modjadji ◽

Mpinane Pitso

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Child Growth ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

World Health ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Growth Standards ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Current Tobacco

Tobacco and alcohol use among mothers is associated with numerous adverse consequences for affected offspring, including poor growth and development. This study determined the association between maternal tobacco and alcohol use, and malnutrition, among infants aged ≤ 12 months (n = 300), in selected health facilities situated in Gauteng, South Africa. Data on alcohol and tobacco use were collected using a validated questionnaire, in addition to mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history. Stunting (low height/length-for-age), underweight (low weight-for-age) and thinness (low body mass index-for-age) were calculated using z-scores based on the World Health Organization child growth standards. The association of tobacco and alcohol use with stunting, underweight and thinness was analysed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed a mean age of 29 years (24.0; 35.0) for mothers and 7.6 ± 3 months for infants, and over half of the mothers were unemployed (63%). Approximately 18.7% of mothers had used tobacco and 3% had used alcohol during pregnancy. The prevalence of current tobacco and alcohol use among mothers were estimated at 14.3% and 49.7%, respectively, and almost three-quarters (67.3%) of them were still breastfeeding during the study period. Stunting (55%) was the most prevalent malnutrition indicator among infants, while underweight was 41.7%, and thinness was 22%. Current tobacco use was associated with increased odds of being thin [OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.09–5.45), and after adjusting for confounders, current alcohol use was associated with the likelihood of being underweight [AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06–3.63] among infants. Future prospective cohort studies that examine growth patterns among infants who are exposed to maternal tobacco and alcohol use from the intrauterine life to infancy are necessary to inform, partly, the public health programmes, to reduce malnutrition among children.

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Growth and development of children under 5 years of age with tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93726-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Li ◽

Jin Zhu ◽

Jun An ◽

Yuqing Wang ◽

Yili Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Body Height ◽

Child Growth ◽

The Body ◽

Early Age ◽

Local Conditions

AbstractCongenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are associated with different patterns of malnutrition and growth retardation, which may vary worldwide and need to be evaluated according to local conditions. Although tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the first described CHDs, the etiology outcomes in growth and development of TOF in early age child is still unclear in most cases. This study was designed to investigate the growth retardation status of Chinese pediatric TOF patients under 5 years old. The body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) of 262 pediatric patients (138 boys and 124 girls) who underwent corrective surgery for TOF between 2014 and 2018 were measured using conventional methods. The average body height, body weight and BMI of the patients were significantly lower than WHO Child Growth Standards, while the most affected was body height. Meanwhile, higher stunting frequency and greater deterioration of both the body height and weight happened in elder age (aged 13–60 months) rather than in infant stage (aged 0–12 months) among these patients. Our results confirmed that intervention should be given at early age to prevent the growth retardation of TOF patients getting severer.

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Free and Total Amino Acids in Human Milk in Relation to Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Infant Health Outcomes: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2009

Author(s):

Joris H.J. van Sadelhoff ◽

Linda P. Siziba ◽

Lisa Buchenauer ◽

Marko Mank ◽

Selma P. Wiertsema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Human Milk ◽

Infant Development ◽

Infant Health ◽

Child Growth ◽

Health Study ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Total Amino Acids

Free amino acids (FAAs) are important regulators of key pathways necessary for growth, development, and immunity. Data on FAAs in human milk (HM) and their roles in infant development are limited. We investigated the levels of FAAs and total amino acids (TAA, i.e., the sum of conjugated amino acids and FAAs) in HM in relation to infant and maternal characteristics and immunological conditions. FAA and TAA levels in HM sampled at 6 weeks (n = 671) and 6 months (n = 441) of lactation were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Child growth was ascertained at 4–5 weeks and at 6–7 months of age. Child allergy and lower respiratory tract infections were assessed in the first years of life. Associations of amino acid (AA) levels in HM with child growth and health outcomes were determined by Spearman correlation and modified Poisson regression, respectively. Free glutamine, glutamate, and serine in 6-week HM positively correlated with infant weight gain in the first 4–5 weeks of age. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) were negatively correlated with free glutamine and asparagine in 6-week and 6-month HM and positively correlated with the sum of TAAs in 6-month HM, but significance was lost following confounder adjustment. Free glutamine was lower in 6-month HM of mothers with an allergy (either active or non-active). No consistent associations were found between FAAs in HM and child health outcomes. However, potential negative associations were observed between specific FAAs and the risk of food allergy. These results suggest that specific FAAs play a role in infant growth. Moreover, these findings warrant further investigations into the relation of FAAs in HM with infant health outcomes and maternal allergy.

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