Nutritional Status of Pediatric Patients in Ramathibodi Hospital Using the WHO Child Growth Standard and the Thai Growth Reference

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Growth Standard ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Child Growth Standard

Background: The appropriate assessment of nutritional status in children is an essential aspect of health supervision. Currently, there are two references used for growth assessment in Thailand. The WHO child growth standard, which has been widely used since 2007, and the Thai growth reference developed by the Ministry of Public Health, which has been used since 1998. However, there were very few studies that made a direct comparison between both tools. Objective: To compare the nutritional status of healthy pediatric patients in Ramathibodi Hospital assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standard and the Thai growth reference. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. The data were collected from all pediatric patients registered in the outpatient department (OPD) of Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital between January 2013 and December 2018. All healthy children (aged 0 to 15 years) were included. Exclusion criteria of possibly chronically ill children were defined by those who were 1) visiting subspecialty clinics, 2) OPD and emergency room (ER) visits more than ten times per year, 3) having ICD-10 of chronic conditions, or 4) had been admitted in the hospital during the study. The weight and height or length data were extracted from the Electronic Medical Record system. All data were analyzed by the Stata Statistical Software focusing on age and sex-specific Z-scores, which references the WHO child growth standard and the Thai growth reference. Results: Sixty-two thousand one hundred four OPD visits were divided into 31,662 OPD visits for boys and 30,442 OPD visits for girls. Percent of weight for age and height or length for age more than +2 Z-score of both boys and girls when using the Thai growth reference was greater than that using the WHO child growth standard, especially for children aged 0 to 12 months. The Thai growth reference classified as overweight were approximately 10.26% to 31.12% more than using the WHO child growth standard. There was no difference in classification of height by both standards. Conclusion: There was a difference in classification of nutritional status between the Thai growth reference and the WHO child growth standard. Keywords: Nutritional status, Pediatric growth reference, Assessment tool, Overweight

Using the WHO 2006 child growth standard to assess the growth and nutritional status of rural south Indian infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Johnson ◽  
Shahnaz Vazir ◽  
Sylvia Fernandez-Rao ◽  
Vijaya R. Kankipati ◽  
Nagalla Balakrishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Growth Standard ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Child Growth Standard

scholarly journals Child Development and Nutritional Status in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1882194
Author(s):  
Lourdes Huiracocha-Tutiven ◽  
Adriana Orellana-Paucar ◽  
Victoria Abril-Ulloa ◽  
Mirian Huiracocha-Tutiven ◽  
Gicela Palacios-Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Nutrient Density

We assessed the development, nutritional status, and complementary feeding of 12- to 23-month-old children from Cuenca, Ecuador in 2013. Ecuador, an upper-middle-income country, developed a child policy in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. We collected cross-sectional survey data. Child development was assessed using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guide–2011. The nutritional status was defined with WHO Child Growth Standards−2006. We investigated nutrient density, WHO Infant and Young Child Feeding Indicators, and nutrient supplementation intake of the complementary feeding. In all, 11.7% of children had “possible developmental delay,” stunting was identified in 29.4% of the children, and 25.3% faced overnutrition (overweight risk/overweight/obesity). The complementary feeding composition can be summarized as having adequate fat, high energy (MJ/day) and protein, and low iron and zinc. Children with “possible developmental delay” received less iron ( P < .05) than children with normal development. Overall, 30.4% of children had minimum dietary diversity. A total of 47.7% of children received nutrient supplementation. This epidemiological profile of infants remains a challenge for Ecuador’s health programs.

World Health Organization 2006 Child Growth Standards and 2007 Growth Reference Charts

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Turck ◽  
Kim F. Michaelsen ◽  
Raanan Shamir ◽  
Christian Braegger ◽  
Cristina Campoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Health Organization

scholarly journals A study to assess the nutritional status of children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and its correlation with breast feeding at a tertiary health care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Sampagar ◽  
Bhavana Lakhkar ◽  
Ashok Sampagar ◽  
Jayanth Wagha
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Background: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies. In 2008, the World Health Organization included cleft lip and palate in their Global Burden of Disease initiative. The incidence of cleft lip and palate in India is enormous: one in 781 live births. The growth of children with these deformities is often impaired in comparison to healthy children. Several studies describe a growth lag in either weight or height of cleft children. The objective of the study was to observe the nutritional status of children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and its correlation with breastfeeding.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics, AVBRH Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha for the period of two years from August 2010 to March 2012. All children below 15 years with cleft lip and/or palate admitted in the pediatric ward, NICU or postnatal ward were included in the study. A Total  of 200 children were included in the study and analyzed.Results: Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The commonest type of defect was both the defects present together (62%) which was significantly more than individual defects (א2=23.98, p<0.0001). It was followed by isolated cleft lip (25.5%) and isolated cleft palate (12.5%). Malnutrition was more common in children who were deprived of breast milk (χ2=22.61, Significant). Significantly more children (69.6%) below the age group of 5 yrs were malnourished. (χ2=16. Significant).Conclusions: Our results confirm that, malnutrition is more prevalent in children with orofacial clefts. Lack of breast feeding is a significant contributor to severe malnutrition and recurrent infections in these children.

scholarly journals Growth and Nutritional Status of Adolescent School Girls in a Food Insecure Rural Area of Bangladesh: An Anthropometric Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Md Azizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Rural Adolescent

The present study explored the growth and nutritional status among rural adolescent school girls of food insecure Berasub district of Pabna district in Bangldesh. The study was carried out in rural adolescent school girls of 21 government approved High schools of Berasu district of Pabna district, Bangladesh. Anthropometric and socio-demographic information from 2196 adolescent girls were collected during 2011-2012 academic session. Height and weight were measured using standard procedure and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BMI was compared to 2007 WHO growth reference. Height- for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and BMI-for-age (BMIZ) were used to evaluate stunting, underweight and thinness respectively, based on the National Centre of Heath Statistics (NCHS) < - 2 Z score values. Classification of severity of malnutrition was done based on WHO recommendation. Mean BMI-for-age were less than those of 2007 WHO growth reference for girls at all ages. The overall rate of stunting, underweight and thinness was 33.13%, 28.06% and 17.92% respectively. Based on WHO classification of severity of malnutrition, the overall prevalence of stunting was high (30-39%), whereas those of underweight (≥ 30) and thinness (≥ 15) were very high. The study explores that poor health and nutritional status among the adolescents indicating a major public health problem in food insecure rural areas of Bangladesh. An intensive and comprehensive approach is required to improve the nutritional status of rural adolescent girls of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10691   Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 103-111

scholarly journals Comparison of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards and the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO international growth reference: implications for child health programmes

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes de Onis ◽  
Adelheid W Onyango ◽  
Elaine Borghi ◽  
Cutberto Garza ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Programmes

AbstractObjectivesTo compare growth patterns and estimates of malnutrition based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards (‘the WHO standards’) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO international growth reference (‘the NCHS reference’), and discuss implications for child health programmes.DesignSecondary analysis of longitudinal data to compare growth patterns (birth to 12 months) and data from two cross-sectional surveys to compare estimates of malnutrition among under-fives.SettingsBangladesh, Dominican Republic and a pooled sample of infants from North America and Northern Europe.SubjectsRespectively 4787, 10 381 and 226 infants and children.ResultsHealthy breast-fed infants tracked along the WHO standard's weight-for-age mean Z-score while appearing to falter on the NCHS reference from 2 months onwards. Underweight rates increased during the first six months and thereafter decreased when based on the WHO standards. For all age groups stunting rates were higher according to the WHO standards. Wasting and severe wasting were substantially higher during the first half of infancy. Thereafter, the prevalence of severe wasting continued to be 1.5 to 2.5 times that of the NCHS reference. The increase in overweight rates based on the WHO standards varied by age group, with an overall relative increase of 34%.ConclusionsThe WHO standards provide a better tool to monitor the rapid and changing rate of growth in early infancy. Their adoption will have important implications for child health with respect to the assessment of lactation performance and the adequacy of infant feeding. Population estimates of malnutrition will vary by age, growth indicator and the nutritional status of index populations.

scholarly journals Adoption of the WHO Child Growth Standards to Classify Indonesian Children under 2 Years of Age According to Nutrition Status: Stronger Indication for Nutritional Intervention

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madarina Julia
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Z Scores

Background The National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization (NCHS/WHO) reference is considered unsuitable for assessing the nutritional status of breastfed children. It is gradually being replaced by the WHO Child Growth Standards in many countries. Objective To assess the implications of adopting the WHO Child Growth Standards to classify Indonesian children according to nutrition status. Methods Data were obtained from two cross-sectional surveys in two districts in Indonesia in 1998. Children under 2 years of age were randomly selected using a two-stage cluster sampling. Z-scores of weight-for-length (WLZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-age (WAZ) were calculated based on both the NCHS/WHO reference and the WHO Child Growth Standards. Wasting, stunting, and underweight were defined as z-scores less than −2.0. Results We included 1,374 children, of whom 693 (50.4%) were male and 681 (49.6%) were female. Almost all of the children had initiated breastfeeding and were still being breastfed when the data were collected. According to the WHO Child Growth Standards, the prevalence of wasting did not change with age, but the prevalence rates of stunting and underweight rose steadily with age. Although the contribution of wasting to the classification of underweight was relatively constant, the contribution of stunting increased as the children grew. Conclusions The WHO Child Growth Standards are a better tool for assessing the nutritional status of Indonesian children than the NCHS/WHO reference. However, low WAZ is not a suitable indicator for commencing an extra feeding program, because it reflects stunting instead of wasting. The high prevalence of stunting indicates the need to perform preventive nutritional intervention beginning earlier in life, i.e., in utero.

scholarly journals Pemenuhan Pola Makan Gizi Seimbang Dalam Penanganan Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Rawalumbu Bekasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Rotua Suriany Simamora ◽  
Puri Kresnawati
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growth Standard ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Child Growth Standard

Stunting (pendek) berdasarkan umur adalah tinggi badan yang berada di bawah minus dua standar deviasi (<-2SD) berdasarkan tabel status gizi WHO child growth standard. Stunting dapat menjadi ancaman utama terhadap kualitas manusia Indonesia dan juga  ancaman terhadap kemampuan daya saing bangsa. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena anak stunted bukan hanya terganggu pertumbuhan fisiknya saja, melainkan juga terganggu perkembangan otaknya yang sangat mempengaruhi kemampuan dan prestasi di sekolah, produktivitas dan kreativitas di usia produktif. Asupan gizi seimbang dari makanan memegang peranan penting dalam proses pertumbuhan anak. Penerapan pola makan dengan gizi seimbang menekankan pola konsumsi pangan dalam jenis dan jumlah prinsip keanekaragaman pangan untuk mencegah masalah gizi. Komponen yang harus dipenuhi dalam penerapan pola makan gizi seimbang mencakup cukup secara kuantitas, kualitas, mengandung berbagai zat gizi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari serta dapat menyimpan zat gizi untuk mencukupi kebutuhan tubuh.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian epidemiologi analitik observasional menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini 200 responden dimana pengambilan sampel menggunakan quota sampling. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis bivariat menggunakan chie suquare. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan pola makan gizi seimbang berhubungan dengan penanganan stunting pada balita dengan p value sebesar 0,035 dan Odds Ratio 2.304. Kata Kunci : Gizi Seimbang, Stunting, Balita

scholarly journals High C-reactive protein/albumin ratio increased risk of acute malnutrition during hospitalization in pediatric patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha ◽  
Dyah Kanya Wati ◽  
Ida Bagus Subanada ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Child Growth Standard

Pediatric patients with malnutrition commonly have poor prognosis related to the inflammation and catabolism state. This study investigated the relationship between high C-Reactive Protein/Albumin ratio on admission with the risk of acute malnutrition during hospitalization in pediatric patients. A cohort study in patients aged 1 month to 18 years old who met the study criteria was done. On admission, the level of serum C-Reactive Protein and Albumin were measured and calculated the C-Reactive protein/Albumin ratio which was divided into the high and low ratio. Acute malnutrition was determined according to the weight-for-height or body mass index-for-age z-score less than 2 SD below the WHO Child Growth Standard median.  A total of 110 patients were analyzed, 50% male and the mean aged was 77.7 months. Patients with acute malnutrition on admission and discharge were 24.5% and 32.7%, respectively. Acute malnutrition on discharge in patients with high and low ratio were 51.6% and 25.3%, respectively (adjusted Relative Risk, 9.1; 95% CI: 1. 9 to 42.7; p = 0.005). High C-Reactive Protein/Albumin ratio on admission increased the risk of acute malnutrition during hospitalization in pediatric patients.

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