Charting the Past, Present, and Future in Mobile Sensing Research and Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Luis A. Castro ◽  
Marcela D. Rodríguez ◽  
Fernando Martínez ◽  
Luis-Felipe Rodríguez ◽  
Ángel G. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Mobile Sensing ◽  
The Past

Role of Research and Development in Sustaining Indian Agriculture: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 396-401
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Agriculture Development

Technology united with research and development has evolved as a grave differentiator of the agriculture sector in India including production, processing, and agriculture packing and marketing of given crops. Near about 50 percent of the Indian workforce was engaged in the agriculture sector but its share in GDP was only 14 percent, much lower in comparison to former. Though, certain agriculture items showed a steady annual increase in terms of kilograms per hectare. Agriculture transformed significantly over the past few decades but when it comes to investment in research and development there is a lot more which needs to be done. The paper analyzes the role of various research and development institutions in boosting the growth of the agriculture sector that helps in attaining sustainable agriculture development and self-sufficiency in the production process since independence. It also focusesed on the various issues faced by these development institutions. The findings unveiled that since independence a lot more was done to boost the research and development in the agriculture sector at both the center and state levels but a proper implementation of these policies along with transparency could bring more desirable outcomes than were gained at present.

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States: Factors Affecting Future Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Regulatory Strategy

AbstractFueled by high returns on its investments, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has flourished for the past 50 years. The regulatory strategy of demanding stringent testing then allowing market-based pricing has allowed private companies to fund ambitious research and development activities with the assurance that these investments will be recovered. However, aggressive managed-care cost-containment strategies threaten the companies' ability to recoup research and development expenses and may affect their willingness to invest in future innovative research.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

scholarly journals A case study on the real time transmission system for research funds

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Hong ◽  
Hark Soo Park ◽  
Dae Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Development ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Redundant System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Time Transmission ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Support Research

Background/Objectives: With aview topreventing the abuse and misuse of national research and development funds, which is increasing day by day, thisstudy investigated how systems can be efficiently constructed and redundant development can be minimized when systems are linked with those of variousmanaging institutions which support research and development funds from the viewpoint of research conducting institutions that have been provided with research and development funds.Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study was conducted with aK government-funded research institute, which is a research conducting institution, in coordination with three institutions; the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the National Research Foundation of Korea, and the Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion.These institutions manage research & development projects.Findings: Inthis study, to prevent the abuse, misuse, and unjust execution of national research and development funds, research-fundcard companies, research managing institutions, and research conducting institutions were linked with each other in real time.First,work efficiency was improved by setting a procedure through which the conducting institutions receive card use details from card companies when research fundcards have been used to execute funds in linkage with the internal executionsystems of the conducting institutions. The data on the execution of funds are transmitted to the managing institutions in real time to enable monitoring in real time.In the past, a conducting institution had to construct a linked system and revise the internal management and execution systems every time a research project from a new managing institution was implemented.Therefore, in this study, when systems were linked, the systems were not directly linked to the DB table, but transmitted/received data by managing institution were analyzed to construct an integrated view and the integrated view was linked with conducting institutions’ internal systems to minimize redundantsystem development.Improvements/Applications: Unjust execution of research and development funds could be prevented in advance, and the transparency of research fund execution could be improved through system linked inreal time. In addition, the expandability of internal systems was improved through the system links and redundant system development when new projects are implemented could be minimized.  

scholarly journals Microneedle System for Transdermal Drug and Vaccine Delivery: Devices, Safety, and Prospects

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581987858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang He ◽  
Jingyao Sun ◽  
Jian Zhuang ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Separate Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Microneedle (MN) delivery system has been greatly developed to deliver drugs into the skin painlessly, noninvasively, and safety. In the past several decades, various types of MNs have been developed by the newer producing techniques. Briefly, as for the morphologically, MNs can be classified into solid, coated, dissolved, and hollow MN, based on the transdermal drug delivery methods of “poke and patch,” “coat and poke,” “poke and release,” and “poke and flow,” respectively. Microneedles also have other characteristics based on the materials and structures. In addition, various manufacturing techniques have been well-developed based on the materials. In this review, the materials, structures, morphologies, and fabricating methods of MNs are summarized. A separate part of the review is used to illustrate the application of MNs to deliver vaccine, insulin, lidocaine, aspirin, and other drugs. Finally, the review ends up with a perspective on the challenges in research and development of MNs, envisioning the future development of MNs as the next generation of drug delivery system.

Research Resource Needs for the Future

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Needs ◽  
The Future ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

This overview of the past, present, and future of research and development related to severely visually impaired persons covers the following subjects: documentation, creation of an armamentarium of aids (including both ordinary and highly sophisticated devices), the financing of R&D, the problem of technology transfer, dealing with change, the need for better theoretical models, and new definitions of the reality in which severely visually impaired individuals and those who work with them and for their benefit find themselves.

Self-Determination and Choice

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Wehmeyer ◽  
Brian H. Abery
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
The Past

Abstract Promoting self-determination and choice opportunities for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities has become best practice in the field. This article reviews the research and development activities conducted by the authors over the past several decades and provides a synthesis of the knowledge in the field pertaining to efforts to promote self-determination and choice.

Social Indicators

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Land
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Level Of Living

How are we doing with respect not only to our economic level of living but, more generally, the quality of our lives, our well-being? Improving, staying about the same, or deteriorating? Compared to our past? Compared to other countries/societies? And, if improving, are the improvements shared throughout the society or only among some of us? These are the kinds of questions that have motivated research and development on social indicators, quality of life metrics, and well-being research over the past fifty years. This research has resulted in a substantial number of conceptual and empirical contributions to the measurement of social conditions, in general, and of quality of life/well-being, in particular.

scholarly journals Biotechnological Approaches for Generating Zinc-Enriched Crops to Combat Malnutrition

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Hefferon
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Staple Crops ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

The past twenty years have seen the application of biotechnology to generate nutritionally improved food crops. Biofortified rice, cassava, maize, sorghum and other staple crops biofortified with essential micronutrients have great potential to benefit the world’s poor, in terms of both health and economics. This paper describes the use of genetic modification to generate crops that are biofortified with zinc. Examples of zinc-enhanced crops which have been developed using biotechnological approaches will be discussed, and new approaches for research and development will be outlined. The impact of these biofortified crops on human health and well-being will be examined. This paper will conclude with a discussion of the obstacles that must be overcome to enable zinc-fortified crops to be accessible for the world’s malnourished.

Research and Development of Chemical Distribution Equipment for Agricultural Aircraft in California

1963 ◽  
Vol 67 (636) ◽  
pp. 760-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman B. Akesson ◽  
Wesley E. Yates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chemical Distribution ◽  
Second World

Following the Second World War, agricultural aircraft use increased rapidly in the United States, but appears to have levelled off in the past five years. California is one of the largest users of agricultural aircraft of any State, with an estimated 8 million acres treated per year. This figure includes all applications of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, plus seeding, fertilising, and defoliation of agricultural crops, grasslands and forest areas. Also, this figure represents acres covered and includes duplicated applications. Certain crops, such as cotton, may have as many as four or five separate treatments during the season.

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