Microfluidics in three key aspects of the drug-development process: biomarker discovery, preclinical studies, and drug delivery systems

2022 ◽  
pp. 275-295
Author(s):  
Cindy Nix ◽  
Marianne Fillet
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Key Aspects

scholarly journals Vascular Drug Delivery Using Carrier Red Blood Cells: Focus on RBC Surface Loading and Pharmacokinetics

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Glassman ◽  
Carlos H. Villa ◽  
Anvay Ukidve ◽  
Zongmin Zhao ◽  
Paige Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Intended Application

Red blood cells (RBC) have great potential as drug delivery systems, capable of producing unprecedented changes in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity. Despite this great potential and nearly 50 years of research, it is only recently that RBC-mediated drug delivery has begun to move out of the academic lab and into industrial drug development. RBC loading with drugs can be performed in several ways—either via encapsulation within the RBC or surface coupling, and either ex vivo or in vivo—depending on the intended application. In this review, we briefly summarize currently used technologies for RBC loading/coupling with an eye on how pharmacokinetics is impacted. Additionally, we provide a detailed description of key ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) changes that would be expected for RBC-associated drugs and address unique features of RBC pharmacokinetics. As thorough understanding of pharmacokinetics is critical in successful translation to the clinic, we expect that this review will provide a jumping off point for further investigations into this area.

A REVIEW ON THE SECOND-GENERATION LIPID CARRIERS: NLC’S

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
A N Jyothsna Sree
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Aspects

Over the past few years, nanostructured lipid carriers became an emerging drug delivery system as lipid drug delivery systems are more focused. Within them, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have more advantages over other lipid carriers. This article is a cumulation of structure, types, composition, formulation methodologies, drug release from NLCs, various applications of NLCs. The key aspects for promising drug delivery systems are biocompatibility, drug loading capacity, ease of preparation, non-toxicity, and stability

scholarly journals Toxicogenomics in Drug Development

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Guerreiro ◽  
Frank Staedtler ◽  
Olivier Grenet ◽  
Jeanne Kehren ◽  
Salah-Dine Chibout
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Predictive Toxicology

Toxicogenomics represents the merging of toxicology with technologies that have been developed, together with bioinformatics, to identify and quantify global gene expression changes. It represents a new paradigm in drug development and risk assessment, which promises to generate a wealth of information towards an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to drug toxicity and efficacy, and of DNA polymorphisms responsible for individual susceptibility to toxicity. Gene expression profiling, through the use of DNA microarray and proteomic technologies will aid in establishing links between expression profiles, mode of action and traditional toxic endpoints. Such patterns of gene expression, or `molecular fingerprints' could be used as diagnostic or predictive markers of exposure, that is characteristic of a specific mechanism of induction of that toxic or efficacious effect. It is anticipated that toxicogenomics will be increasingly integrated into all phases of the drug development process particularly in mechanistic and predictive toxicology, and biomarker discovery. This review provides an overview of the expression profiling technologies applied in toxicogenomics, and discusses the promises as well as the future challenges of applying this discipline to the drug development process.

scholarly journals Zebrafish models for functional and toxicological screening of nanoscale drug delivery systems: promoting preclinical applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keon Yong Lee ◽  
Gun Hyuk Jang ◽  
Cho Hyun Byun ◽  
Minhong Jeun ◽  
Peter C. Searson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Preclinical Trials

Preclinical screening with animal models is an important initial step in clinical translation of new drug delivery systems. However, establishing efficacy, biodistribution, and biotoxicity of complex, multicomponent systems in small animal models can be expensive and time-consuming. Zebrafish models represent an alternative for preclinical studies for nanoscale drug delivery systems. These models allow easy optical imaging, large sample size, and organ-specific studies, and hence an increasing number of preclinical studies are employing zebrafish models. In this review, we introduce various models and discuss recent studies of nanoscale drug delivery systems in zebrafish models. Also in the end, we proposed a guideline for the preclinical trials to accelerate the progress in this field.

scholarly journals Biopolymer: A Novel Bioexcipient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant Kumar ◽  
Swarnima Pandey ◽  
NV Satheesh Madhav
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Development Process ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
The People ◽  
Novel Drug Delivery System ◽  
Novel Drug

Polymers are the key material in design of drug delivery systems. These have been shown as the spine for drug development process. These accept an essential part in rising of novel drug delivery systems to crush different intricacies in drug delivery. These are used for controlling the appearance of the drug in needed manner. The hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers are the most ideal choice for getting the ideal conveyance in controlled, manner at the target sites. Isolated of this, these fabricated and semisynthetic polymers are made by different chemical reactions and purification measures. Since these are prepared by different unit operations which are costly. By and by days different investigates are being examined for avoiding the characteristic, physiological and reasonable issues related with the synthetic and semisynthetic polymers. So an alternative rather than synthetic and semisynthetic polymers are being investigated having interest, probability, and any leftover benefits with least troublesome ramifications for environment and physiology of the people. One of the alternatives as opposed to designed and semisynthetic polymers is biopolymers which have pulled in the thought of researchers by using an economical procedures. Biopolymers are novel, adroit and sharp polymers which have been confined from various basic sources. Biopolymers isolated from natural sources might be utilized as novel excipients having a polymeric nature. These isolated biopolymers have superb bioretardant, bio stabilizer, and mucoadhesive properties. These have the brilliant film-framing capacity and biocompatibility properties. The isolated bio-polymers have great drug release rate controlling capacities. Since these are biodegradable and might be utilized as an option in contrast to standard manufactured synthetic and semisynthetic polymers. The isolated biopolymer shows critical biodegradable, mucoadhesive, filmability, and retardability properties which are like properties of standard polymers, may be the alternative in design of novel drug delivery system design.

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