Interesterification of Palm Oil Mid Fraction by Immobilized Lipase in N-Hexane; Effect of Lechitin Addition

An integrated cleaner biocatalyst process was performed for biodiesel production from crude palm oil (CPO) and refined palm oil (RPO). It was evaluated on process efficiency in terms of high purity of biodiesel as well as by-products without purification, less wastewater, less time consuming, and a simple downstream process. A first saponification step was carried out in both f CPO and RPO, a high purity of glycerol (86.25% and 87.5%) was achieved, respectively, while free fatty acids (FFASs) in soap were obtained after hexane extraction. High yields of FFASs were obtained from both CPO and RPO (98.83% and 90.94%). Subsequently, the FFAs were esterified to biodiesel by a biocatalyst of immobilized lipase. The highest biodiesel yields achieved were of 92.14% and 92.58% (CPO and RPO). Remarkably, biodiesel yields obtained from CPO and RPO achieved satisfactory values and the biocatalyst used could be reused for more than 16–17 cycles.

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Improved biodiesel from palm oil using lipase immobilized calcium alginate and Irvingia gabonensis matrices

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43088-020-00084-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarafadeen Olateju Kareem ◽

Esther Imole Falokun ◽

Saka Adebayo Balogun ◽

Oluwaseyi A. Akinloye ◽

Sunday Osaizua Omeike

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Calcium Alginate ◽

Kinematic Viscosity ◽

Immobilized Lipase ◽

Flash Point ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Immobilized Lipases ◽

Irvingia Gabonensis ◽

Free Lipase

Abstract Background Lipase is an important microbial enzyme and biocatalyst in biodiesel production. The study investigated fuel properties of biodiesel produced from palm oil (PO) using lipase immobilized on Irvingia gabonensis and calcium alginate. Results Biodiesel yield from PO using free and immobilized lipases was highest at 35 °C and pH 7, with product yield using calcium alginate-immobilized lipase, CAIL (94.42, 96.9%) higher than using Irvingia gabonensis-immobilized lipase, IGIL (92.54, 95.8%). Biodiesel produced using immobilized lipases had similar pour point, cloud point, and kinematic viscosity, and they possessed improved fuel properties compared to free lipase biodiesel in terms of densities at 15 °C and flash point. Pour points, flash point, and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel produced using CAIL and IGIL met American and European Standards but density at 15 °C and cloud points are below both standards. CAIL and IGIL biodiesel had similar fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) compounds and consisted more of unsaturated fatty acids (hexadecanoate, 9-octadecenoate, octadecanoate, dodecanoate, and 9,12-octadeca-dienoate) than obtained in biodiesel from free lipase. IGIL and CAIL were re-used in 8 and 12 cycles respectively, with > 90% biodiesel yield achieved in four and 11 cycles. Conclusions The study showed that lipase immobilized on Irvingia gabenensis and calcium alginate and used in biodiesel production retained high enzyme activity and biodiesel yield in repeated cycles.

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THE IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPASE FROM MUCOR MIEHEI ON ZEOLITE MATRIX IN HYDROLYSIS OF PALM OIL PRODUCING FREE FATTY ACIDS WITH SOLVENT FREE SYSTEM

Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan ◽

10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11399 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 108-114

Author(s):

Dwina Moentamaria ◽

Achmad Chumaidi ◽

Nanik Hendrawati ◽

Girlian Girlian ◽

Meilita Againa Mustika

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Immobilized Lipase ◽

Mucor Miehei ◽

Oil Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Free Lipase

The enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil can be conducted by using lipase produced from Mucor miehei to produce free fatty acid. This study aimed to compare the usage of lipase as free enzyme and as immobilized enzyme on zeolite matrix in the hydrolysis of palm oil as triglyceride producing free fatty acids which highly needed in various industrial sectors. Immobilization is an alternative hydrolysis reaction due to its usage on repetitive reaction, makes lipase reuseable, hence the whole process becomes efficient, and with moderate operational conditions. Solvent free reaction is applied, because the produced free fatty acids can be used directly in food, health, and natural flavorings industry. The palm oil used in the hydrolysis contains 0.815% initial free fatty acids as palmitate, in which water then added to it in weight ratio 1:3. Each effect of free lipase and immobilized lipase addition is 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and time reaction is 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes are used as index to determine the amount of free fatty acids produced. The results showed that Immobilized lipase has better ability than the free one in hydrolysis of triglyceride in palm oil producing free fatty acid with 8% lipase addition and time reaction of 120 minutes. Palm oil hydrolysis using free lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 5% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 60 minutes. Meanwhile, palm oil hydrolysis using immobilized lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 8% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 120 minutes.

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