scholarly journals Next generation crop improvement program: Progress and prospect in tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjan Hazra ◽  
Nirjhar Dasgupta ◽  
Chandan Sengupta ◽  
Sauren Das
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Improvement Program

scholarly journals Economic Benefits of Foreign Sourced Germplasm in Domestic Crop Improvement Program: A Case of an Improved Khumal-4 Rice Variety in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gauchan ◽  
K P Pant ◽  
B K Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Multilateral System ◽  
Yield Gain

This study assesses economic benefits of international exchange and flow of key rice germplasm in Nepal under globally operated multilateral system of facilitated access using a case of an improved rice variety Khumal-4. Khumal-4 rice is popular and widely grown in mid hills region of Nepal which was developed by crossing a high yielding dwarf foreign sourced germplasm IR-28 with a local Nepali variety Pokharilo Masino. Economic benefits of Khumal-4 rice adoption and impact was analysed using economic surplus model, where additional productivity and profitability gained from developing Khumal-4 was estimated in monetary value in comparison with existing farmers’ variety Pokharilo masino. The finding showed that Khumal-4 covered 9% of rice area in the mid-hills and 7% in the mountains during year 2010-12 years covering about 40 thousand hectares of rice area. Data show that there is a clear yield gain of 1.25 mt per hectare with cost in rice yield equivalent when farmers switch from traditional Pokhareli Masino to improved Khumal-4 variety. Estimation of additional revenue per hectare with total adoption area of Khumal-4 in prevailing market price in Nepal was NRs 1.07 billion (US $ 11 million) per annum. This is reasonable economic benefits obtained annually from flow of foreign sourced genes (IR-28) for the development of an improved Khumal-4 rice variety in Nepal. This finding indicates that access to foreign germplasm is important for ensuring national food security and gaining higher economic benefits in the country.Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) vol. 4, 2016

scholarly journals Population structure and genetic diversity analysis in Sali (Oryza sativa) rice germplasm of Assam using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Sandhani Saikia ◽  
Pratap Jyoti Handique ◽  
Mahendra K Modi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Improvement Programs

Genetic diversity is the source of novel allelic combinations that can be efficiently utilized in any crop improvement program. To facilitate future crop improvement programs in rice, a study was designed to identify the underlying genetic variations in the Sali rice germplasms of Assam using SSR markers. The 129 SSR markers that were used in the study amplified a total of 765 fragments with an average of 5.93 alleles per locus. The Shannon's Information Index was found to be in the range from 0.533 to 1.786. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) fell into the range from 0.304 to 0.691 with a mean value of 0.55. The overall FST value was found to be 0.519 that indicated the presence of genetic differentiation amongst the genotypes used in the study. The Sali population was divided into two clusters. The information obtained from the present study will facilitate the genetic improvement of Sali rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Upland Rice Germplasm in Malaysia Based on Quantitative Traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sohrabi ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
M. M. Hanafi ◽  
A. Siti Nor Akmar ◽  
M. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Genetic diversity is prerequisite for any crop improvement program as it helps in the development of superior recombinants. Fifty Malaysian upland rice accessions were evaluated for 12 growth traits, yield and yield components. All of the traits were significant and highly significant among the accessions. The higher magnitudes of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for flag leaf length-to-width ratio, spikelet fertility, and days to flowering. High heritability along with high genetic advance was registered for yield of plant, days to flowering, and flag leaf length-to-width ratio suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the gene expression of these characters. Plant height showed highly significant positive correlation with most of the traits. According to UPGMA cluster analysis all accessions were clustered into six groups. Twelve morphological traits provided around 77% of total variation among the accessions.

scholarly journals Biodiversity Assessment of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Genotypes Based on RAPD Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintho Wahyuning ARDIE ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Nurul Fauziah ◽  
Yudiansyah Yudiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Product Size

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an important crop in areas where harsh environmental conditions limit crop productivity, including in high salinity and drought prone areas. In Indonesia millet is cultivated in certain areas; however, superior varieties are less developed in the country. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity among foxtail genotypes using RAPD markers. Genomic DNA of ten foxtail millet genotypes was amplified using 26 random primers through RAPD analysis. Of these primers, 22 produced reproducible amplicons and were polymorphic among the 10 foxtail millet genotypes. The number of polymorphic markers for each primer varied from 1 (primer E15) to 14 (primer M17). The amplified product size ranged from 120 to 2500 base pairs (bp). A dendrogram constructed based on the UPGMA clustering method put all genotypes in 5 distinct groups at 0.64 coefficient level. Diverse genotypes identified in this study can be used as potential parents in an efficient crop improvement program.

scholarly journals Alabama's Foundation Sweetpotato Program Maintains Root Quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 224b-227
Author(s):  
James M. Dangler
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Control Quality ◽  
Root Quality

Many sweetpotato growers produce their own transplants to control quality, assure timely availability, and reduce production costs. The Alabama Crop Improvement Association, Inc., maintains Foundation, Registered, and Certified stocks to provide sweetpotato producers with high-quality sweetpotatoes. These sweetpotato roots are available to growers in any state to improve the quality of their rootstock. Sweetpotatoes produced in the crop improvement program are examined in the bed and the field. They are inspected by the Alabama Dept. of Agriculture and Industries, stored in approved facilities, graded, and shipped in clean crates that are tagged prior to transport and delivery to producers. As a result of the program, sweetpotatoes are produced free of serious diseases and pests, and exhibit the characteristics of the variety.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pole-type French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes for Agro-Morphological Variability and Yield in the Mid Hills of Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kalauni ◽  
Salina Pant ◽  
Binod P. Luitel ◽  
Bishnu Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Knowledge of genetic diversity is crucial to assess the variability of genotypes and their potential use in crop improvement program. The present experiment was conducted at Horticultur Research Station (HRS), Dailekh (1300 masl) for three years during 2016-2018 to study the agro-morphological variability and performance of six genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for pod and seed yield. The genotypes viz; Bhatte, Chaumase, Dhankute Chirrke, WP Con Bean, White OP and Trishuli were experimented in Randomized Completely Block (RCB) design with four replications. Observations were recorded on 14 qualitative and 12 quantitative traits. Among the qualitative traits, French bean genotypes observed variability w.r.t. stem pigmentation, leaf color, leaflet shape, stem hairyness, flower color, pod color, pod shape, pod cross section, pod beak position, pod appearance, seed size, seed shape and seed color. Analysis of variance for quantitative traits showed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters studied. Three year mean results showed the genotype Chaumase (35.0 t/ha) followed by Trishuli (28.0 t/ha), WP Con Bean (24.6 t/ha) and White OP (22.9 t/ha) recorded the maximum green pod yield. Similarly, genotypes Chaumase (2.1 t/ha), Trishuli (2.1 t/ha), Dhankute Chirrke (1.44 t/ha) and White OP (1.09 t/ha) were found promising for seed production purpose. The agro-morphological variation observed in growth and pod characters could be utilized in variety improvement programs. Future research work needed to be focused on the further evaluation of these genotypes under different production system for yield and seed production and to identify traits useful for crop improvement.

scholarly journals Diversity analysis of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes for bruchid resistance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanhita Ghosh ◽  
Anindita Roy ◽  
Sabyasachi Kundagrami
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Improvement Program

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is one of the most important pulse crops in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. Although the total production of mungbean is not enough to supplement the nutritional requirement, an additional issue further augments the concern of its use: the post-harvest damage in the storage condition. Bruchids (Callosobruchus chinensis) are major polyphagous storage pest that causes substantial losses, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The objective of the current study was to classify the fifty-two mungbean genotypes into groups based on their bruchid resistant and susceptibility by using multivariate statistical analysis. Since the present study emphasizes the progressive breeding program, the multivariate analysis is expected to effectively demonstrate the diversity of bruchid attack and therefore identify and ensures the correct representation of the resistant genotypes. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) displays the correlation of bruchid morpho-physiological traits and the diversity analysis groups the considered genotypes into four clusters (I-IV). The cluster III contains seven genotypes which are observed most effective against bruchid attack. The PC1 shows 70.83% of variability where PC2 shows 29.17% of variability. PCA picturize the most positive correlation between the number of egg laid (NOEL-0.922) and percentage of seed damage (POSD-0.975) among all the morpho-physiological traits. The cluster III thus helps selecting resistant parents for hybridization in future crop improvement program.

scholarly journals Unlocking Genetic Diversity in Selected Chickpea Genotypes Using Morphological and Molecular Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rupsanatan Mandal ◽  
Suprakash Pal ◽  
Nonigopal Shit
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Improvement Program

Proficiency and organization of the genetic variability in cultivated and wild relatives are pivotal for a particular crop improvement program. In the present scenario there has been noteworthy improvement in the development of novel genetic tools such as DNA or molecular markers and genetic maps profiling techniques. In this study, seven chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes including some cultivars were considered (Collection Id of the seven genotypes are TZCP-1, TZCP-2, TZCP-3, TZCP-4, TZCP-5, TZCP-6 and TZCP-7). The experiment was conducted out in Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications. All the quantitative characters were collected for assessing the diversity and to find key characters in chickpea cultivars. The statistical analysis was done for all the quantitative character (viz. plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pod per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight, seed length, seed width, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity and grain yield). Analysis of variance divulged significant differences among the genotypes for all the 10 characters. An extensive range of diversity was displayed by most of the characters under study. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (1.23% - 33.71%) in the present study was slightly wider than genotypic coefficient of variation (1.13% - 33.02%) suggesting that environmental factors have high contribution to the observed variation among chickpea accessions. The first four PC axes from the principal component analysis accounted for 91.63% of the multivariate variation among entries indicating a moderate degree of correlation among characters for these entries. The genotypic data generated through RAPD profiling of seven chickpea genotypes were used to study genetic diversity or interrelationship. The pair wise Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.47 (TZCP-3 and TZCP-5) to 0.87 (TZCP-2 and TZCP-4). Finally, this research work helped with the analysis of genetic diversity in chickpea by using different approaches such as morphological and molecular marker system.

scholarly journals Cross Talk Between Zinc-Solubilizing Bacteria and Plants: A Short Tale of Bacterial-Assisted Zinc Biofortification

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viabhav Kumar Upadhayay ◽  
Ajay Veer Singh ◽  
Amir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Chelating ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Bacterial Cell Membrane ◽  
Green Solution

A contemporary approach to bacterially mediated zinc (Zn) biofortification offers a new dimension in the crop improvement program with better Zn uptake in plants to curb Zn malnutrition. The implication of Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) represents an inexpensive and optional strategy for Zn biofortification, with an ultimate green solution to enlivening sustainable agriculture. ZSB dwelling in the rhizospheric hub or internal plant tissues shows their competence to solubilize Zn via a variety of strategies. The admirable method is the deposition of organic acids (OAs), which acidify the surrounding soil environment. The secretion of siderophores as a metal chelating molecule, chelating ligands, and the manifestation of an oxidative–reductive system on the bacterial cell membrane are further tactics of bacterially mediated Zn solubilization. The inoculation of plants with ZSB is probably a more effective tactic for enhanced Zn translocation in various comestible plant parts. ZSB with plant growth-enhancing properties can be used as bioelicitors for sustainable plant growth via the different approaches that are crucial for plant health and its productivity. This article provides an overview of the functional properties of ZSB-mediated Zn localization in the edible portions of food crops and provides an impetus to explore such plant probiotics as natural biofortification agents.

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