scholarly journals Unlocking Genetic Diversity in Selected Chickpea Genotypes Using Morphological and Molecular Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rupsanatan Mandal ◽  
Suprakash Pal ◽  
Nonigopal Shit
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Improvement Program

Proficiency and organization of the genetic variability in cultivated and wild relatives are pivotal for a particular crop improvement program. In the present scenario there has been noteworthy improvement in the development of novel genetic tools such as DNA or molecular markers and genetic maps profiling techniques. In this study, seven chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes including some cultivars were considered (Collection Id of the seven genotypes are TZCP-1, TZCP-2, TZCP-3, TZCP-4, TZCP-5, TZCP-6 and TZCP-7). The experiment was conducted out in Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications. All the quantitative characters were collected for assessing the diversity and to find key characters in chickpea cultivars. The statistical analysis was done for all the quantitative character (viz. plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pod per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight, seed length, seed width, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity and grain yield). Analysis of variance divulged significant differences among the genotypes for all the 10 characters. An extensive range of diversity was displayed by most of the characters under study. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (1.23% - 33.71%) in the present study was slightly wider than genotypic coefficient of variation (1.13% - 33.02%) suggesting that environmental factors have high contribution to the observed variation among chickpea accessions. The first four PC axes from the principal component analysis accounted for 91.63% of the multivariate variation among entries indicating a moderate degree of correlation among characters for these entries. The genotypic data generated through RAPD profiling of seven chickpea genotypes were used to study genetic diversity or interrelationship. The pair wise Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.47 (TZCP-3 and TZCP-5) to 0.87 (TZCP-2 and TZCP-4). Finally, this research work helped with the analysis of genetic diversity in chickpea by using different approaches such as morphological and molecular marker system.

scholarly journals Variability, heritability and genetic advance of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Sampurna Bartaula ◽  
Urbashi Panthi ◽  
Kiran Timilsena ◽  
Subarna Sharma Acharya ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
High Heritability

The selection efficiency for certain traits in crops can be broadened using estimates of genetic parameters, which are fundamental for plant breeding. Ten maize genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the field of Lamahi Municipality, Dang district of Nepal to assess the magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for growth, yield and yield contributing traits during summer season (June to August), 2018. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) recorded for all traits. The grain yield showed the highest PCV (50.78%) and GCV (51.24%) whereas the lowest PCV (4.51%) and GCV (4.50%) were recorded for test weight; test weight showed high heritability (0.99) with low genetic advance as a percent of mean (9.26). Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation with test weight (r=0.960), kernel per row (r=0.924), kernel rows per cob (r=0.900) and cob length (r=0.840), respectively. Traits namely grain yield, number of kernels per cob and kernel rows per cob showed high GCV, PCV. Therefore these traits can be used further in crop improvement program. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 163-169, August 2019

scholarly journals Population structure and genetic diversity analysis in Sali (Oryza sativa) rice germplasm of Assam using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Sandhani Saikia ◽  
Pratap Jyoti Handique ◽  
Mahendra K Modi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Improvement Programs

Genetic diversity is the source of novel allelic combinations that can be efficiently utilized in any crop improvement program. To facilitate future crop improvement programs in rice, a study was designed to identify the underlying genetic variations in the Sali rice germplasms of Assam using SSR markers. The 129 SSR markers that were used in the study amplified a total of 765 fragments with an average of 5.93 alleles per locus. The Shannon's Information Index was found to be in the range from 0.533 to 1.786. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) fell into the range from 0.304 to 0.691 with a mean value of 0.55. The overall FST value was found to be 0.519 that indicated the presence of genetic differentiation amongst the genotypes used in the study. The Sali population was divided into two clusters. The information obtained from the present study will facilitate the genetic improvement of Sali rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Analysis in Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm from Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
MZ Islam ◽  
T Chakrabarty ◽  
N Akter ◽  
ESMH Rashid ◽  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation ◽  
Boro Rice

The success of varietal development programmme largely depends on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heritability and characters association of the crop. The objective of the present study was to estimate the extent of genetic variability and relation between yield and related characters of rice. Forty Boro rice germplasm were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for 14 quantitative characters. The presence of slightly higher phenotypic coefficient of variation than genotypic coefficient of variation indicated the negligible influence of environment on the expression of yield and its component traits. Leaf length, days to flowering, days to maturity and 1000 grain weight showed highly positive significant correlation present with yield hill-1. High heritability had been observed for yield contributing traits during the study, suggested that these traits would respond to selection owing to their high genetic variability and transmissibility. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the inheritance of traits, their heritability and relationship with other important characteristics is important for the choice of breeding and selection methods for crop improvement. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(1): 35-43

Genetic variability and diversity analysis for yield and its components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vichitra Kumar Arya ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
Lokendra Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Punit Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Spike Number

Forty nine genotypes of wheat were studied for generating scientific information on nature and magnitude of genetic variability and diversity for designing breeding programme. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in three replications. The data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant height, peduncle length, number of productive tillers per plant, days to maturity, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index and gluten content. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The highest estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for grain yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for grain yield per plant. Based on D2 –Statistics, 49 genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster VII and VIII followed by III and VII. This indicates that genotypes included in these clusters possess wide genetic diversity. Grain yield per plant (31.46%) showed highest contribution towards genetic divergence; therefore, this character was major determinant of genetic diversity. On the basis of divergence and cluster mean it may be suggested that maximum heterosis and good recombinants could be obtained in crosses between genotypes of cluster VIII, VII and III in varietal improvement programme. Thus, crosses between the genetically diverse genotypes of cluster VIII with genotypes HUW 655, HP 1937, DBW 88 and HD 3058 and cluster VII with genotypes like HP 1938, HUW 656, K1006, DBW83, DBW 84, K1004, UP2822 and NW5050 are expected to exhibit high heterosis and are also likely to produce new recombinants with desired traits.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Upland Rice Germplasm in Malaysia Based on Quantitative Traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sohrabi ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
M. M. Hanafi ◽  
A. Siti Nor Akmar ◽  
M. A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Genetic diversity is prerequisite for any crop improvement program as it helps in the development of superior recombinants. Fifty Malaysian upland rice accessions were evaluated for 12 growth traits, yield and yield components. All of the traits were significant and highly significant among the accessions. The higher magnitudes of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for flag leaf length-to-width ratio, spikelet fertility, and days to flowering. High heritability along with high genetic advance was registered for yield of plant, days to flowering, and flag leaf length-to-width ratio suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the gene expression of these characters. Plant height showed highly significant positive correlation with most of the traits. According to UPGMA cluster analysis all accessions were clustered into six groups. Twelve morphological traits provided around 77% of total variation among the accessions.

scholarly journals Assessing Genetic Diversity using RAPD Molecular markers in Coffea canephora Pierre ex. Froehner (Robusta coffee): A Step towards Crop Improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1704-1714
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun G. Awati ◽  
B.S. Tambat ◽  
G.F. D’souza ◽  
D. Venkataramanan ◽  
M. Udaya Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Robusta Coffee

scholarly journals Genetic mapping studies in Coffea sp using molecular marker methods Studi peta genetik pada Coffea sp. menggunakan metode penanda molekuler

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. PRIYONO ◽  
Riza Arief PUTRANTO
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Gene Characterization ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Genomic Comparative Analysis

AbstrakAnalisis genetik telah  menjadi alat yang penting  dalam  pemuliaan  tanaman untuk perbaikan sifat penting tanaman. Salah satu potensi terbesar dari analisis tersebut adalah identifikasi penanda molekuler yang berguna untuk pemetaan genetik. Pemetaan genetik  merupakan  salah satu langkah penting dari analisis  genetik.  Intisari  dari   semua pemetaan genetik adalah  menempatkan  koleksi  pe- nanda molekuler pada posisi tertentu dalam genom. Hal tersebut dapat kemudian digunakan untuk meng- identifikasi lokus sifat kuantitatif (QTLs) dengan memanfaatan keragaman genetik alami yang tersedia dan meningkatkan sifat-sifat penting serta berharga. Sampai saat ini, tiga belas peta genetik telah dipublikasi dan tersedia pada Coffea sp. yang menciptakan database besar untuk kerangka genetik. Sebuah peta genetik terbaru dengan akses terbuka dan berfungsi sebagai referensi telah dibangun oleh International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN). Peta tersebut tediri dari 3230 lokus, dengan panjang peta 1471 cM (1cm ~ 500 Kb) serta kepadatan satu penanda setiap 220 Kb. Peta-peta genetik pada tanaman kopi telah digunakan dari karakterisasi gen hingga analisis komparatif genom dengan spesies tanaman yang berbeda. Saat ini, pesatnya kemajuan teknologi New Genome Sequencing (NGS) untuk sekuensing DNA dan RNA memungkinkan validasi dari peta-peta genetik untuk prediksi QTLs serta gen-gen yang membawa sifat penting Coffea sp.AbstractGenetic analysis has become an important tool in plant breeding for crop improvement. One of their greatest potential appears to be the identification of molecular markers useful for genetic mapping. Genetic mapping is one of important steps in genetic analysis. The essence of all genetic mapping is to place a collection of molecular markers onto their respective positions on the genome. Thus, it leads to identification of new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by making benefits of natural available genetic diversity.and to improve important and valuable traits. Until present, thirteen genetic maps were published and available in Coffea sp. creating a huge database for genetic framework. One most recent and open reference genetic map for robusta coffee has been generated by the International Coffee Genomics Network (ICGN) comprising 3230 loci, genetic size 1471 cM (1cM ~500 Kb), with an average density close to one marker every 220 Kb. The Coffea genetic maps have been utilized from gene characterization to genomic comparative analysis with different plant species. Nowadays, the feasibility of NGS for DNA and RNA sequencing allow the validation of genetic map related to the prediction of QTLs and adjacent genes related to important traits for Coffea sp. 

scholarly journals Breeding Progress for Grain Yield and Yield Related Characters of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Ethiopia Using Regression Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Megersa Tadesse ◽  
Assefa Funga ◽  
Asnake Fikre ◽  
Tulu Degefu ◽  
Million Eshete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The genetic progress in seed yield and yield related characters of 10 kabuli chickpea varieties released by the Ethiopian Chickpea Crop Improvement Program from 1974 to 2017 was assessed during the main cropping season. The varieties were evaluated in the Randomized Complete Block design at Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center experimental research farm. The overall increase in seed yield over the local check, DZ-10-4, was estimated to be 739 kg/ha (38.9%). On station grain yield increased from 1900 to 3250 kg/ha during the last 43 years and the overall increase in seed yield of the Arerti variety over the oldest variety DZ-10-4 was estimated to be 1350 kg/ha or 71.1%. Based on the regression analysis, the estimated average annual rate of increase in grain yield potential was 10.87kg/ha/year with an annual relative genetic change of 0.57%/year. Genotypic change was an important source for increased grain yield potential during the studied period. Positive genetic gains were observed for the yield traits (grain yield and yield components). The average cumulative gains over 43 years of breeding was, therefore, 445.67 kg (23.37%) for seed yield, and 30.26 g for hundred seeds weight (297.7%). Hundred seed weight revealed the most dramatic response to breeding for the last 43 years. It is, therefore, strategically advisable that breeding efforts in the future should give due attention to yield related traits of kabuli chickpea varieties.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF EXTRA-EARLY YELLOW MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER STRIGA ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Saliu Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The success of any breeding program depends on the ability to determine germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials. Genetic diversity is an invaluable aid in crop improvement. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 70 extra-early yellow maize hybrids under Striga environments. Cluster and principal component (PC) analyses were used to determine the genetic diversity of the hybrids. Data on morphological and agronomical data were collected. The experiment was set up in two locations (Abuja and Mokwa) in a randomized incomplete block design experiment with two replications. A significant difference was observed among the hybrids in all the traits studied and a significant genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits except for plant height, anthesis silking interval and Striga count at 8 and 10 WAP. The principal component reveals that the first three components account for 86% variability. PC1 gave maximum variability (43%) and was loaded with PC1 and the first four PCs can be utilized in hybridization programs. The principal component biplot reveals the relationship among traits and the distance of each variable in determining variability among hybrids. The cluster diagram reveals five distinct groups. Group IV consisted of Striga tolerant hybrids and group I consisted of susceptible hybrids. Both principal component and cluster analysis revealed the genetic diversity among the hybrids and identified genotypes that were Striga tolerant and could be selected as choice of parental materials to develop Striga resistant materials

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Sampurna Bartaula ◽  
Anil Adhikari ◽  
Urbashi Panthi ◽  
Prabesh Karki ◽  
Kiran Timalsena
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Genetic variability in a crop population is important for successful plant breeding. Eight cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genotypes namely Green Long, Simran, Bhaktapur Local, Saihni-2, Ninja-179, Garima, Farmer’s variety and  wild genotype were evaluated at Lamahi Municipality, Dang district of Nepal to estimate the magnitude of their genetic variability and heritability. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for growth and yield traits. The estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for weight of fruit whereas traits namely fruit length, fruit diameter and days to maturity had medium value for both GCV and PCV. Broad sense heritability estimates  ranged from 0.74 for fruit diameter to 0.98 for days to germination. Fruit yield showed high significant positive correlation with fruit diameter (r= 0.649) and negative significant correlation (r= -0.538) with days to flowering. Traits namely weight per fruit, days of germination, no. of flower and days to flowering can be used effectively in selection process of crop improvement program as they had high GCV, PCV and heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean.

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