Techno-economic and environmental assessment of novel biorefinery designs for sequential extraction of high-value biomolecules from brown macroalgae Laminaria digitata, Fucus vesiculosus, and Saccharina latissima

The intent of the present work was to evaluate the potential of four macroalgae prevalent in Europe, namely Ulva rigida, Gracilaria sp., Fucus vesiculosus and Saccharina latissima, for application in functional foods, either in the direct form or as extracts. Accordingly, nutritional composition, the content of phytochemical antioxidants, and the inhibitory ability of key enzymes with impacts on obesity and diabetes (α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase) or on arterial pressure (angiotensin-I converting enzyme), were evaluated. Overall, protein, lipid, ash and fiber contents of the macroalgae ranged from 9–24% dw, 0.5–3.0% dw, 20–32% dw, and 37–45% dw, respectively, making them good candidates for nutritional supplementation of several foods, particularly due to their mineral and fiber contents. In addition, brown macroalgae, in particular F. vesiculosus, stood out for its superior phenolic content, which was reflected by its high antioxidant ability and inhibition towards α-glucosidase activity (0.032 mg/mL of hydroacetonic extract inhibited 50% of the enzyme activity).

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Green extraction of proteins, umami and other free amino acids from brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus

Journal of Applied Phycology ◽

10.1007/s10811-021-02569-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Viruja Ummat ◽

Marco Garcia-Vaquero ◽

Mahesha M. Poojary ◽

Marianne N. Lund ◽

Colm O’Donnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Free Amino Acids ◽

Free Amino ◽

Food Industry ◽

Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽

Fucus Vesiculosus ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Brown Macroalgae ◽

Extraction Solvent

AbstractSeaweeds are a valuable potential source of protein, as well as free amino acids (FAAs) with umami flavour which are in high demand by the food industry. The most commonly used flavouring agents in the food industry are chemically synthesised and therefore are subject to concerns regarding their safety and associated consumer resistance. This study focuses on the effects of extraction time (1 and 2 h) and solvents (0.1 M HCl, 1% citric acid and deionised water) on the extraction of protein and FAAs including umami FAAs from Irish brown seaweeds (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus). Extraction yields were influenced by both the extraction solvent and time, and also varied according to the seaweed used. Both seaweeds investigated were found to be good sources of protein, FAAs including umami FAAs, demonstrating potential application as flavouring agents in the food industry. Overall, the use of green solvents (deionised water and citric acid) resulted in higher recoveries of compounds compared to HCl. The results of this study will facilitate the use of more sustainable solvents in industry for the extraction of proteins and flavouring agents from seaweed.

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Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content, Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19040204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Marco Garcia-Vaquero ◽

Gaurav Rajauria ◽

Marta Miranda ◽

Torres Sweeney ◽

Marta Lopez-Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Laminaria Digitata ◽

Laminaria Hyperborea ◽

Brown Macroalgae ◽

The West ◽

Macroalgal Species ◽

Mineral Profile ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2–11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49–64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.

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Supplementation of a lacto-fermented rapeseed-seaweed blend promotes gut microbial- and gut immune-modulation in weaner piglets

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-021-00601-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yan Hui ◽

Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo ◽

Tomasz Cieplak ◽

Gizaw Dabessa Satessa ◽

Witold Kot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Modulation ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Saccharina Latissima ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Colon Mucosa ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Brown Macroalgae ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe, leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders. Results This study investigated the effect of using rapeseed-seaweed blend (rapeseed meal added two brown macroalgae species Ascophylum nodosum and Saccharina latissima) fermented by lactobacilli (FRS) as feed ingredients in piglet weaning. From d 28 of life to d 85, the piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens (n = 230 each) with inclusion of 0%, 2.5% and 5% FRS. In this period, no significant difference of piglet performance was found among the three groups. From a subset of piglets (n = 10 from each treatment), blood samples for hematology, biochemistry and immunoglobulin analysis, colon digesta for microbiome analysis, and jejunum and colon tissues for histopathological analyses were collected. The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS manifested alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut, enhanced colon mucosa barrier relative to the 0% FRS group. The colon microbiota composition was determined using V3 and V1-V8 region 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing by Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION, respectively. The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistency between the detected bacteria. Both sequencing strategies indicated that inclusion of FRS reshaped the colon microbiome of weaned piglets with increased Shannon diversity. Prevotella stercorea was verified by both methods to be more abundant in the piglets supplied with FRS feed, and its abundance was positively correlated with colonic mucosa thickness but negatively correlated with blood concentrations of leucocytes and IgG. Conclusions FRS supplementation relieved the gut lymphocyte infiltration of the weaned piglets, improved the colon mucosa barrier with altered microbiota composition. Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not lead to further improvements.

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Effect of Food Preparations on In Vitro Bioactivities and Chemical Components of Fucus vesiculosus

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9070955 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 955 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebeca André ◽

Laura Guedes ◽

Ricardo Melo ◽

Lia Ascensão ◽

Rita Pacheco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Fucus Vesiculosus ◽

Food Preparation ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Compound Identification ◽

Brown Macroalgae ◽

Eu Directive ◽

Effect Of Food

Fucus vesiculosus is a brown macroalgae used in food and generally considered safe to be consumed, according to EU Directive (EC 258/97). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of food preparation on F.vesiculosus of different origins on what concerns its chemical constituents and final bioactivities. The aqueous extract of the seaweeds were obtained at different temperatures, similar to food preparation and then purified by SPE. The compound identification was carried out by Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and algae extracts microstructure were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The activities were determined by using antioxidant activity, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 3-hidroxi-3-methyl-glutaril-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR) together with Caco-2 cells line simulating the intestinal barrier. The activity of AChE and the HMGR were inhibited by the extracts giving IC50 values of 15.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 4.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively and 45% of the cholesterol permeation inhibition. The main compounds identified were phlorotannins and peptides derivatives. The mode of preparation significantly influenced the final bioactivities. Moreover, the in vitro results suggest that the preparation of F. vesiculosus as a soup could have hypercholesterolemia lowering effect.

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Methodology for quantitative determination of the carbohydrate composition of brown seaweeds (Laminariaceae)

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra03537b ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (49) ◽

pp. 25736-25746 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

D. Manns ◽

A. L. Deutschle ◽

B. Saake ◽

A. S. Meyer

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Monosaccharide Composition ◽

Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Saccharina Latissima ◽

Carbohydrate Composition ◽

Laminaria Digitata ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Cellulase Treatment

The monosaccharide composition of four different samples of brown seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima were compared by different high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) methods after different acid hydrolysis treatments or a cellulase treatment.

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Photosynthesis and metabolism of marine algae. VIII. Incorporation of 14C into the polysaccharides metabolized by Fucus vesiculosus during pulse labeling experiments

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b72-025 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. G. S. Bidwell ◽

Elizabeth Percival ◽

Berit Smestad

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Sequential Extraction ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Alginic Acid ◽

Fucus Vesiculosus ◽

Fresh Medium ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Acid Extract ◽

Highly Active ◽

Residual Material

Samples of Fucus vesiculosus fronds were allowed to assimilate 14CO2 for 10 min and 3 h. In a second experiment fronds were allowed to grow for 10 min in 14CO2 and were then transferred to fresh medium containing 12CO2. Samples were taken immediately, after 30 min, and after 2 h. Sequential extraction and fractionation of the polysaccharides from each of the five samples gave 14C-labeled laminaran, xylogalactofucoglucuronan (A), xyloglucuronogalactofucan (B) (these polysaccharides are named in the order of the increasing proportions of their constituent sugars), fucoidan (C), alginic acid, and residual polysaccharide material containing mainly glucose with some galactose. The activities of each of the polysaccharides, the residual material, and their constituent sugars were measured. Highly active low molecular weight carbohydrates, present in the acid extract, are the suggested precursors of the polysaccharides. The fucose-containing polysaccharides represent the extremes of a family of polymers; it is postulated from these studies that (A) is transformed into fucoidan via polysaccharide (B) in this alga.

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