The role of alginate lyases in the enzymatic saccharification of brown macroalgae, Macrocystis pyrifera and Saccharina latissima

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Ravanal ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Javier Gimpel ◽  
Felipe E. Reveco-Urzua ◽  
Margareth Øverland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Alginate Lyases

scholarly journals Specificities and Synergistic Actions of Novel PL8 and PL7 Alginate Lyases from the Marine Fungus Paradendryphiella salina

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Bo Pilgaard ◽  
Marlene Vuillemin ◽  
Jesper Holck ◽  
Casper Wilkens ◽  
Anne S. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Alginate Lyase ◽  
Marine Fungus ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Polysaccharide Lyases ◽  
Alginate Lyases ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Substrate Affinities ◽  
Alginate Degradation ◽  
Insight Into

Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide abundantly present in the cell walls of brown macroalgae. The enzymatic depolymerization is performed solely by alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.x), categorized as polysaccharide lyases (PLs) belonging to 12 different PL families. Until now, the vast majority of the alginate lyases have been found in bacteria. We report here the first extensive characterization of four alginate lyases from a marine fungus, the ascomycete Paradendryphiella salina, a known saprophyte of seaweeds. We have identified four polysaccharide lyase encoding genes bioinformatically in P. salina, one PL8 (PsMan8A), and three PL7 alginate lyases (PsAlg7A, -B, and -C). PsMan8A was demonstrated to exert exo-action on polymannuronic acid, and no action on alginate, indicating that this enzyme is most likely an exo-acting polymannuronic acid specific lyase. This enzyme is the first alginate lyase assigned to PL8 and polymannuronic acid thus represents a new substrate specificity in this family. The PL7 lyases (PsAlg7A, -B, and -C) were found to be endo-acting alginate lyases with different activity optima, substrate affinities, and product profiles. PsAlg7A and PsMan8A showed a clear synergistic action for the complete depolymerization of polyM at pH 5. PsAlg7A depolymerized polyM to mainly DP5 and DP3 oligomers and PsMan8A to dimers and monosaccharides. PsAlg7B and PsAlg7C showed substrate affinities towards both polyM and polyG at pH 8, depolymerizing both substrates to DP9-DP2 oligomers. The findings elucidate how P. salina accomplishes alginate depolymerization and provide insight into an efficient synergistic cooperation that may provide a new foundation for enzyme selection for alginate degradation in seaweed bioprocessing.

scholarly journals Supplementation of a lacto-fermented rapeseed-seaweed blend promotes gut microbial- and gut immune-modulation in weaner piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Hui ◽  
Paulina Tamez-Hidalgo ◽  
Tomasz Cieplak ◽  
Gizaw Dabessa Satessa ◽  
Witold Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The direct use of medical zinc oxide in feed will be abandoned after 2022 in Europe, leaving an urgent need for substitutes to prevent post-weaning disorders. Results This study investigated the effect of using rapeseed-seaweed blend (rapeseed meal added two brown macroalgae species Ascophylum nodosum and Saccharina latissima) fermented by lactobacilli (FRS) as feed ingredients in piglet weaning. From d 28 of life to d 85, the piglets were fed one of three different feeding regimens (n = 230 each) with inclusion of 0%, 2.5% and 5% FRS. In this period, no significant difference of piglet performance was found among the three groups. From a subset of piglets (n = 10 from each treatment), blood samples for hematology, biochemistry and immunoglobulin analysis, colon digesta for microbiome analysis, and jejunum and colon tissues for histopathological analyses were collected. The piglets fed with 2.5% FRS manifested alleviated intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes infiltration in the gut, enhanced colon mucosa barrier relative to the 0% FRS group. The colon microbiota composition was determined using V3 and V1-V8 region 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing by Illumina NextSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION, respectively. The two amplicon sequencing strategies showed high consistency between the detected bacteria. Both sequencing strategies indicated that inclusion of FRS reshaped the colon microbiome of weaned piglets with increased Shannon diversity. Prevotella stercorea was verified by both methods to be more abundant in the piglets supplied with FRS feed, and its abundance was positively correlated with colonic mucosa thickness but negatively correlated with blood concentrations of leucocytes and IgG. Conclusions FRS supplementation relieved the gut lymphocyte infiltration of the weaned piglets, improved the colon mucosa barrier with altered microbiota composition. Increasing the dietary inclusion of FRS from 2.5% to 5% did not lead to further improvements.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Assisted Fucoidan Extraction from Brown Macroalgae Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens and Saccharina latissima

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuan Thi Nguyen ◽  
Maria Dalgaard Mikkelsen ◽  
Vy Ha Nguyen Tran ◽  
Vo Thi Dieu Trang ◽  
Nanna Rhein-Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Alginate Lyase ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Fucus Distichus ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Enzyme Assisted Extraction

Fucoidans from brown macroalgae (brown seaweeds) have different structures and many interesting bioactivities. Fucoidans are classically extracted from brown seaweeds by hot acidic extraction. Here, we report a new targeted enzyme-assisted methodology for fucoidan extraction from brown seaweeds. This enzyme-assisted extraction protocol involves a one-step combined use of a commercial cellulase preparation (Cellic®CTec2) and an alginate lyase from Sphingomonas sp. (SALy), reaction at pH 6.0, 40 °C, removal of non-fucoidan polysaccharides by Ca2+ precipitation, and ethanol-precipitation of crude fucoidan. The workability of this method is demonstrated for fucoidan extraction from Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens (basionym Fucus evanescens) and Saccharina latissima as compared with mild acidic extraction. The crude fucoidans resulting directly from the enzyme-assisted method contained considerable amounts of low molecular weight alginate, but this residual alginate was effectively removed by an additional ion-exchange chromatographic step to yield pure fucoidans (as confirmed by 1H NMR). The fucoidan yields that were obtained by the enzymatic method were comparable to the chemically extracted yields for both F. evanescens and S. latissima, but the molecular sizes of the fucoidans were significantly larger with enzyme-assisted extraction. The molecular weight distribution of the fucoidan fractions was 400 to 800 kDa for F. evanescens and 300 to 800 kDa for S. latissima, whereas the molecular weights of the corresponding chemically extracted fucoidans from these seaweeds were 10–100 kDa and 50–100 kDa, respectively. Enzyme-assisted extraction represents a new gentle strategy for fucoidan extraction and it provides new opportunities for obtaining high yields of native fucoidan structures from brown macroalgae.

Lignosulfonate To Enhance Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocelluloses: Role of Molecular Weight and Substrate Lignin

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (25) ◽  
pp. 8464-8470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zhou ◽  
Hongming Lou ◽  
Dongjie Yang ◽  
J. Y. Zhu ◽  
Xueqing Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification

scholarly journals Biochemical characteristics and synergistic effect of two novel alginate lyases from Photobacterium sp. FC615

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danrong Lu ◽  
Qingdong Zhang ◽  
Shumin Wang ◽  
Jingwen Guan ◽  
Runmiao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Alginate Lyase ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Alginate Oligosaccharides ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Alginate Lyases

Abstract Background Macroalgae and microalgae, as feedstocks for third-generation biofuel, possess competitive strengths in terms of cost, technology and economics. The most important compound in brown macroalgae is alginate, and the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases plays a crucial role in the saccharification process of transforming alginate into biofuel. However, there are few studies on the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases, especially those from the same bacterial strain. Results In this study, the endolytic alginate lyase AlyPB1 and exolytic alginate lyase AlyPB2 were identified from the marine bacterium Photobacterium sp. FC615. These two enzymes showed quite different and novel enzymatic properties whereas behaved a strong synergistic effect on the saccharification of alginate. Compared to that when AlyPB2 was used alone, the conversion rate of alginate polysaccharides to unsaturated monosaccharides when AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted on alginate together was dramatically increased approximately sevenfold. Furthermore, we found that AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted the synergistic effect basing on the complementarity of their substrate degradation patterns, particularly due to their M-/G-preference and substrate-size dependence. In addition, a novel method for sequencing alginate oligosaccharides was developed for the first time by combining the 1H NMR spectroscopy and the enzymatic digestion with the exo-lyase AlyPB2, and this method is much simpler than traditional methods based on one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Using this strategy, the sequences of the final tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide product fractions produced by AlyPB1 were easily determined: the tetrasaccharide fractions contained two structures, ΔGMM and ΔMMM, at a molar ratio of 1:3.2, and the pentasaccharide fractions contained four structures, ΔMMMM, ΔMGMM, ΔGMMM, and ΔGGMM, at a molar ratio of ~ 1:1.5:3.5:5.25. Conclusions The identification of these two novel alginate lyases provides not only excellent candidate tool-type enzymes for oligosaccharide preparation but also a good model for studying the synergistic digestion and saccharification of alginate in biofuel production. The novel method for oligosaccharide sequencing described in this study will offer a very useful approach for structural and functional studies on alginate.

scholarly journals Saccharification of Brown Macroalgae Using an Arsenal of Recombinant Alginate Lyases: Potential Application in the Biorefinery Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1671-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gimpel ◽  
Cristina Ravanal ◽  
Oriana Salazar ◽  
Maria Elena Lienqueo
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Alginate Lyases

scholarly journals Fecal Excretion and Whole-Body Retention of Macro and Micro Minerals in Atlantic Salmon Fed Torula Yeast Grown on Sugar Kelp Hydrolysate

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2409
Author(s):  
Jon Øvrum Hansen ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Svein Jarle Horn ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
Margareth Øverland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Body Retention

Yeast is a microbial feed ingredient that can be produced from non-food biomasses. Brown seaweed contains high levels of complex carbohydrates that are not digested to any extent by monogastric animals but can be used as carbon sources for yeast production. The objective of this study was to investigate how minerals originating from brown macroalgae (Saccharina latissima) are incorporated in Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast and to assess the bioavailability of these different minerals as well as their accumulation into different organs of Atlantic salmon. The yeast C. jadinii was produced on a seaweed hydrolysate mixed with a sugar-rich wood hydrolysate in a 9:1 volume ratio and fed to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in two different experiments: a digestibility experiment with 30% dietary inclusion of yeast and a retention experiment with increasing inclusion of yeast (5, 10, and 20%). Seaweed minerals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iodine (I), manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co) were incorporated to a high degree in the yeast. The apparent fecal excretion of minerals was similar in both experiments, in general, with low excretion of, I, bromine (Br), and arsenic (As) (ranging from 18.0% to 63.5%) and high excretion of iron (Fe), Cu, Mn, aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) (ranging from 56.9% to <100%), despite the different fish size and fecal sampling method. High levels of Cu, I, Br, and Co in the yeast resulted in a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in retention of these minerals in salmon fed increasing levels of yeast. Despite increasing amounts of these minerals in the feed, whole-body levels of Cu and Mn remained stable, whereas whole-body levels of Co, somewhat unexpectedly, decreased with increased dietary yeast inclusion. The Cd from the yeast had low bioavailability but was concentrated more in the kidney (0.038 mg kg−1) and liver (0.025 mg kg−1) than in muscle (0.0009 mg kg−1). The given Cd level in fish strengthens the indication that it is safe to feed salmon with up to 20% inclusion of seaweed yeast without exceeding the maximum limit for Cd of 0.05 mg kg−1 w.w. in fish meat. The level and retention (p < 0.05) of As were lower in the yeast compared to fishmeal. The high level of iodine in S. latissima (3900 mg kg−1) was partly transferred to the yeast, and salmon fed increasing levels of yeast displayed a linear increase in whole-body I content (p < 0.05). There is, however, a need for a growth experiment with larger fish to draw any firm conclusions regarding food safety. Overall, this study shows that yeast grown on hydrolyzed seaweed can be a suitable mineral source for Atlantic salmon, especially when diets are low in fishmeal.

scholarly journals Bacterial alginate metabolism: an important pathway for bioconversion of brown algae

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanzeng Zhang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiyue Zhang ◽  
Yingjie Li ◽  
Lushan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Alternative Feedstock ◽  
Alginate Lyases ◽  
Alginate Degradation

AbstractBrown macroalgae have attracted great attention as an alternative feedstock for biorefining. Although direct conversion of ethanol from alginates (major components of brown macroalgae cell walls) is not amenable for industrial production, significant progress has been made not only on enzymes involved in alginate degradation, but also on metabolic pathways for biorefining at the laboratory level. In this article, we summarise recent advances on four aspects: alginate, alginate lyases, different alginate-degrading systems, and application of alginate lyases and associated pathways. This knowledge will likely inspire sustainable solutions for further application of both alginate lyases and their associated pathways.

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