Production of reducing sugar in Gracilaria verrucosa using physio-chemical pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis

Pineapple leaf waste is one agricultural waste that has high cellulose content. Pineapple leaf waste's complex structure contains a bundle of packed fiber that makes it hard to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure, so challenging to produce reducing sugar. Dried pineapple leaf waste pretreated with a grinder to break its complex structure. Delignification process using 2% w/v NaOH solution at 87oC for 60 minutes has been carried out to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure so reducing sugar could be produced. Delignified pineapple leaf waste has been enzymatic hydrolyzed using cellulase enzyme (6 mL, 7 mL, and 8 mL) to produce reducing sugar. The sample was incubated in an incubator shaker at 155 rpm at 45, 55, and 60oC for 72 hours. Determination of reducing sugar yield had been carried out using the Dubois method and HPLC. The model indicated that the optimum operating condition of enzymatic hydrolysis is 7 mL of cellulase enzyme at 55oC to produce 96,673 mg/L reducing sugar. This result indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis operating condition improved the reducing sugar yield from pineapple leaf waste. The optimum reducing sugar yield can produce biofuel by the saccharification process.

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Peningkatan Produksi Gula Pereduksi dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Praperlakuan Asam Organik pada Reaktor Bertekanan

REAKTOR ◽

10.14710/reaktor.16.4.199-206 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Fahriya Puspita Sari ◽

Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat ◽

Sita Heris Anita ◽

Fitria Fitria ◽

Euis Hermiati

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Maleic Acid ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Severity Factor

ENHANCEMENT OF REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BY PRETREATMENT USING ORGANIC ACID IN PRESSURIZED REACTOR. Organic acids are potential to create more environmentally friendly process in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of organic acid pretreatment in reducing sugar production in a pressurized reactor with various resident times and temperatures on enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. Two different organic acids (maleic acid and oxalic acid) were used in the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using a pressurized reactor. Factorial design using three different temperatures (170, 180, and 190°C) and four resident times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) were employed, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Each condition conducted two repetitions. Analysis was conducted on the reducing sugar that was produced after saccharification by means of the severity factor of each pretreatment condition. Maleic acid showed higher reducing sugar yield with lower severity factor than oxalic acid with the same operating conditions. The highest yield of reducing sugars (80.84%) was obtained using maleic acid at 170 for 60 minutes with severity factor of 1.836. Keywords: bioethanol; organic acid pretreatment; pressurized reactor; severity factor; oil palm empty fruit bunches; Abstrak Asam organik berpotensi dalam membantu proses praperlakuan dari biomassa lignoselulosa untuk memproduksi bioetanol yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam organik, suhu dan waktu operasi terhadap produksi gula pereduksi dengan reaktor bertekanan pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Dua asam organik yang berbeda yaitu asam oksalat dan asam maleat digunakan untuk proses praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan. Dalam proses praperlakuan digunakan tiga suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu 170, 180, dan 190°C dan empat waktu operasi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 min yang dilanjutkan dengan proses hidrolisis enzimatis. Setiap kondisi dilakukan dua kali pengulangan. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa uji gula pereduksi dan severity factor pada kondisi tiap praperlakuan. Asam maleat menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dengan severity factor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan menggunakan asam oksalat dengan kondisi operasi yang sama. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan memiliki rendemen gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 80,84% dengan menggunakan asam maleat pada suhu 170°C selama 60 menit dengan severity factor sebesar 1,836. Kata kunci: bioetanol; praperlakuan asam organik; reaktor bertekanan; severity factor; tandan kosong kelapa sawit.

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce reducing sugar and its kinetic Hidrolisis enzimatik tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan gula pereduksi dan kinetikanya

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/ppbbi.jur.mp.v83i1.12 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vera BARLIANTI ◽

Deliana DAHNUM ◽

. MURYANTO ◽

Eka TRIWAHYUNI ◽

Yosi ARISTIAWAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Enzyme Concentration ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

First Order ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstrak Sebagai salah satu Negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit mentah (CPO), Indonesia juga menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah besar. TKKS terdiri dari-tiga-komponen utama, yaitu selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Pengolahan awal TKKS secara alkalindi ikuti dengan hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik menggunakan kombinasi enzim selulase dan β-glukosidase akan menghasilkan gula-gula yang mudah difermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi substrat, kon-sentrasi enzim, dan suhu selama proses hidrolisis berlangsung. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gula maksimum (194,78 g/L) dicapai pada konsentrasi TKKS 20% (b/v), konsentrasi campuran enzim yang terdiri dari selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase sebesar 3,85% (v/v), dan suhu 50oC. Perbandingan antara selulase dan β-1,4 glukosidase adalah 5:1 dengan masing-masing aktivitas enzim sebesar 144.5 FPU/mL dan 63 FPU/mL. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika yang sesuai untuk proses hidrolisis TKKS secara enzimatik adalah model kinetika Shen dan Agblevor dengan reakside aktivasi enzim orde satu. Hasil ini mendukung studi kelayakan ekonomi dalam pemanfaatan TKKS untuk produksi bioetanol.AbstractAs one of the crude palm oil producers, Indonesia also produces empty fruit bunches (EFB)in large quantities. The oil palm EFB consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Alkaline pretreatment of EFB, followed by enzymatic hydro-lysis of cellulose using combination of cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes produce fermentable sugars. This paper reported the effects of substrate loading, enzyme concentration, and temperature of hydrolysis process on reducing sugar production. The maximum sugar concentration (194.78 g/L) was produced at 50oC using 20% (w/v) EFB and 3.85% (v/v) mixed enzymes of cellulase and β-1,4 glucosidase in volume ratio of 5:1 (v/v), with enzyme activity of 144.5 FPU/mL and 63 FPU/mL, respectively. The results also showed that the suitable kinetic model for enzymatic hydrolysis process of oil palm EFB follow Shen and Agblevor model with first order of enzyme deactivation. These results support the economic feasibility study in utilization of EFB of oil palm for bioethanol production.

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Optimum Reaction Condition of Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Production of Reducing Sugar from Enteromorpha intestinalis

KSBB Journal ◽

10.7841/ksbbj.2015.30.2.53 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 53-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A-Ram Kim ◽

Dong-Hyun Kim ◽

Gwi-Taek Jeong

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Enteromorpha Intestinalis ◽

Reaction Condition ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Optimum Reaction Condition

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Reducing sugar loss in enzymatic hydrolysis of ethylenediamine pretreated corn stover

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 405-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wen-Chao Li ◽

Xia Li ◽

Lei Qin ◽

Jia-Qing Zhu ◽

Xiao Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Pretreated Corn Stover ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Sugar Loss

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Effect of Subsequent Dilute Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Reducing Sugar Production from Sugarcane Bagasse and Spent Citronella Biomass

Journal of Energy ◽

10.1155/2016/8506214 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Robinson Timung ◽

Narendra Naik Deshavath ◽

Vaibhav V. Goud ◽

Venkata V. Dasu

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Crystallinity Index ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Dilute Acid Pretreatment ◽

Crystalline Cellulose ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Hydrolysis Of

This work was aimed at investigating the effect of process parameters on dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of spent citronella biomass (after citronella oil extraction) and sugarcane bagasse on total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. In acid pretreatment, the parameters studied were acid concentration, temperature, and time. At the optimized condition (0.1 M H2SO4, 120°C, and 120 min), maximum TRS obtained was 452.27 mg·g−1and 487.50 mg·g−1for bagasse and citronella, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass usingTrichoderma reesei26291 showed maximum TRS yield of 226.99 mg·g−1for citronella and 282.85 mg·g−1for bagasse at 10 FPU, 50°C, and 48 hr. The maximum crystallinity index (CI) of bagasse and citronella after acid pretreatment obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis was 64.41% and 56.18%, respectively. Decreased CI after enzymatic hydrolysis process to 37.28% and 34.16% for bagasse and citronella, respectively, revealed effective conversion of crystalline cellulose to glucose. SEM analysis of the untreated and treated biomass revealed significant hydrolysis of holocellulose and disruption of lignin.

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PRETREATMENT OF MILLET HUSK USING ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TO ENHANCE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS FOR REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 289-294

Author(s):

Zeenat Ibrahim Saulawa ◽

Lawal Nura ◽

Muntari Bala ◽

Abdullahi A. Iman

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Pretreatment Time ◽

Pretreatment Temperature ◽

Reducing Sugar Concentration

The effectiveness of alkaline hydrogen peroxide as a suitable choice of pretreatment for the conversion of millet husk to reducing sugars using cellulase enzyme for hydrolysis and subsequent ethanol production was determined. The effects of three variables on reducing sugar production from millet husk were determined using one factor at a time (OFAT) method namely; peroxide concentration, pretreatment time and pretreatment temperature. From the results, it was observed that a significant (P<0.05) amount of reducing sugars were lost during pretreatment of millet husk. The untreated group which was only physically pretreated (milled) however yielded a significantly higher (P<0.05) reducing sugar concentration of 10.67mg/ml after enzymatic hydrolysis while the highest reducing sugar concentration of 4.82mg/ml was obtained using 0.375%v/v peroxide concentration for 60minutes at 250C. Therefore, pretreatment of biomass with alkaline hydrogen peroxide may be more suitable for feedstock with high lignin contents than millet husk.

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Evaluation of the Interactive Effect Pretreatment Parameters via Three Types of Microwave-Assisted Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Sugar Yield

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8070787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 787 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saleem Ethaib ◽

Rozita Omar ◽

Mustapa Kamal Siti Mazlina ◽

Awang Biak Dayang Radiah

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Sugar Yield ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Glucose Yield ◽

Sago Palm ◽

Microwave Assisted

This study aims to evaluate the sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis and the interactive effect pretreatment parameters of microwave-assisted pretreatment on glucose and xylose. Three types of microwave-assisted pretreatments of sago palm bark (SPB) were conducted for enzymatic hydrolysis, namely: microwave-sulphuric acid pretreatment (MSA), microwave-sodium hydroxide pretreatment (MSH), and microwave-sodium bicarbonate (MSB). The experimental design was done using a response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behenken Design (BBD). The pretreatment parameters ranged from 5–15% solid loading (SL), 5–15 min of exposure time (ET), and 80–800 W of microwave power (MP). The results indicated that the maximum total reducing sugar was 386 mg/g, obtained by MSA pretreatment. The results also illustrated that the higher glucose yield, 44.3 mg/g, was found using MSH pretreatment, while the higher xylose yield, 43.1 mg/g, resulted from MSA pretreatment. The pretreatment parameters MP, ET, and SL showed different patterns of influence on glucose and xylose yield via enzymatic hydrolysis for MSA, MSH, and MSB pretreatments. The analyses of the interactive effect of the pretreatment parameters MP, ET, and SL on the glucose yield from SPB showed that it increased with the high MP and longer ET, but this was limited by low SL values. However, the analysis of the interactive effect of the pretreatment parameters on xylose yields revealed that MP had the most influence on the xylose yield for MSA, MSH, and MSB pretreatments.

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Chemical Solubilization of Particulate Organics as a Pretreatment Approach

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0718 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 26 (9-11) ◽

pp. 2289-2292 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S. R. Mukherjee ◽

A. D. Levine

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽

Industrial Waste ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Organic Content ◽

Treatment System ◽

Chemical Pretreatment ◽

Biological Treatment System

The first step degradation of particulate organic waste is solubilization. In a bioreactor, solubilization occurs due to enzymatic hydrolysis. As an alternative, the use of chemical solubilization methods may provide a means of more efficiently solubilizing the particulates to a form that can be readily utilized by a biological treatment system. In this study, an industrial waste high in particulate organic content was used as a test substrate. The chemical pretreatment methods tested were alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, and a mixture of hydrolysis and oxidation. Experimental studies to elucidate the effects of chemical pretreatment on the characteristics of particulate organics are discussed in this paper.

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