Wolf howls encode both sender- and context-specific information

Abstract. The cities in which we live are constantly evolving. The active management of this evolution is referred to as urban planning. The according development process could go in many directions resulting in a large number of potential future scenarios of a city. The planning support system URBio adopts interactive optimization to assist urban planners in generating and exploring those various scenarios. As a computer-based system it needs to be able to efficiently handle all underlying data of this exploration process, which includes both methodology-specific and context-specific information. This article describes the work carried out to link URBio with a semantic city model. Therefore, two key requirements were identified and implemented: (a) the extension of the CityGML data model to cope with many scenarios by the proposition of the Scenario Application Domain Extension (ADE) and (b) the definition of a data model for interactive optimization. Classes and features of the developed data models are motivated, depicted and explained. Their usability is demonstrated by walking through a typical workflow of URBio and laying out the induced data flows. The article is concluded with stating further potential applications of both the Scenario ADE and the data model for interactive optimization.

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Outcomes of Mentoring Relationships Among Sport Management Faculty: Application of a Theoretical Framework

Journal of Sport Management ◽

10.1123/jsm.2018-0100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 161-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Baker ◽

Mary A. Hums ◽

Yoseph Mamo ◽

Damon P.S. Andrew

Keyword(s):

Sport Management ◽

The United States ◽

Faculty Members ◽

Mentoring Relationships ◽

Specific Information ◽

Academic Field ◽

Hybrid Framework ◽

And Gender ◽

Context Specific ◽

As Relationship

The importance of mentoring in the development of individual careers is noted in the business and higher education literature. However, prior research has given little attention to the development of mentoring relationships between junior and senior sport management faculty members. In addition to providing context-specific information, mentorship studies of sport management faculty provide insight on an emerging and gender-imbalanced discipline in the academy. This study reviews the literature on mentorship, and presents a hybrid framework on the mentor–protégé relationships established in the academic field of sport management. Specifically, the study identifies aspects of the relationships likely to yield positive perceptual outcomes, such as relationship effectiveness, trust, and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 161 sport management faculty members in the United States and Canada. The results provide support for the new hybrid framework and highlight mentoring as a valuable mechanism to support sport management faculty.

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Engineering Multi-Agent Systems

Encyclopedia of Information Ethics and Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-987-8.ch028 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 187-193

Author(s):

Tagelsir Mohamed Gasmelseid

Keyword(s):

Transaction Processing ◽

Specific Information ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

Wireless Devices ◽

Agent Systems ◽

Physical Mobility ◽

Mobile Shopping ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Multi Agent ◽

Context Specific

The migration of business enterprises to decentralized operations, location independence, and micromanagement has been accompanied by the emergence of different computing paradigms, enterprise architectures, and communication platforms. Software agents perform some tasks on behalf of their users, other agents, or programs with some degree of autonomy using multiple information and communication platforms. The use of wireless devices and networks has significantly improved information transmission and transaction processing in support of virtual and physical mobility and the acquisition, customization, and use of context specific information for electronic and mobile shopping, finance, banking, and payment services.

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An Interoperable Cross-Context Architecture to Manage Distributed Personal E-Health Information

Handbook of Research on Developments in E-Health and Telemedicine ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-670-4.ch027 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 579-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mina Deng ◽

Cock Danny De ◽

Bart Preneel

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Identity Management ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Specific Information ◽

Use Case ◽

Case Scenario ◽

Context Specific ◽

Cryptographic Techniques ◽

Health Application

Ensuring interoperability across different healthcare providers becomes an important issue with a potentially large return on investment (ROI) potential when multiple healthcare providers are collaborating in an e-Health system. In cross-context communications, the same information can be expressed by means of different types or values. This chapter proposes a new architecture for cross-context identity management in the e-Health application domain, aiming to improve interoperability between healthcare providers when context-specific information, such as patients’ identifiers, is transferred from one context to another. Furthermore, an algorithm for issuing and converting context-specific identifiers, based on cryptographic techniques, is presented. How the proposed cross-context interoperability service can be integrated in a real-word e-Health system is explained with a use case scenario.

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Assessing and Strengthening Evidence-Based Program Registries’ Usefulness for Social Service Program Replication and Adaptation

Evaluation Review ◽

10.1177/0193841x15625014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 407-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christopher S. Horne

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Program Implementation ◽

Social Service ◽

Specific Information ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Program Outcomes ◽

Context Specific ◽

Implementation Factors ◽

Program Replication

Background: Government and private funders increasingly require social service providers to adopt program models deemed “evidence based,” particularly as defined by evidence-based program registries, such as What Works Clearinghouse and National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices. These registries summarize the evidence about programs’ effectiveness, giving near-exclusive priority to evidence from experimental-design evaluations. The registries’ goal is to aid decision making about program replication, but critics suspect the emphasis on evidence from experimental-design evaluations, while ensuring strong internal validity, may inadvertently undermine that goal, which requires strong external validity as well. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which the registries’ reports provide information about context-specific program implementation factors that affect program outcomes and would thus support decision making about program replication and adaptation. Method: A research-derived rubric was used to rate the extent of context-specific reporting in the population of seven major registries’ evidence summaries ( N = 55) for youth development programs. Findings: Nearly all (91%) of the reports provide context-specific information about program participants, but far fewer provide context-specific information about implementation fidelity and other variations in program implementation (55%), the program’s environment (37%), costs (27%), quality assurance measures (22%), implementing agencies (19%), or staff (15%). Conclusion: Evidence-based program registries provide insufficient information to guide context-sensitive decision making about program replication and adaptation. Registries should supplement their evidence base with nonexperimental evaluations and revise their methodological screens and synthesis-writing protocols to prioritize reporting—by both evaluators and the registries themselves—of context-specific implementation factors that affect program outcomes.

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Prisons should mirror society: the debate on age-segregated housing for older prisoners

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x15001373 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 675-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

TENZIN WANGMO ◽

VIOLET HANDTKE ◽

WIEBKE BRETSCHNEIDER ◽

BERNICE SIMONE ELGER

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Study Data ◽

Specific Information ◽

Prison Violence ◽

Older Prisoners ◽

Study Results ◽

Context Specific ◽

Primary Author ◽

Specific Health

ABSTRACTThe debate on age-segregated housing for older prisoners has seldom captured the perspectives of older prisoners and professionals (‘stakeholders’) working in a European prison setting. To address this gap in the research, 35 older prisoners from Switzerland and 40 stakeholders from three European countries (including Switzerland) were interviewed for the study. Data analysis was conducted thematically, and the validity of coding was established independently from the primary author. Interpretation of study results was agreed upon by all authors. Participants' opinions regarding age-segregated housing for older prisoners were split. An almost equal number of prisoners and stakeholders had similar arguments in favour of and against such living arrangements. The findings encompassed three major themes: ‘prisons should mirror society’ and thus age-mixed housing was preferable as it ensured generational exchange; a ‘separate unit within the prison’ would allow continuity of personal and other relationships and at the same time respond to older prisoners' specific health and environmental needs; finally, participants felt it was important to think critically about ‘the criteria’ for placing older prisoners in an age-segregated arrangement. We conclude that the debate on consolidated versus separate housing is bifurcated. Any push towards segregation based only on high prison violence and unvalidated context-specific information may result in unreliable public policy.

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DeepSide: A Deep Learning Framework for Drug Side Effect Prediction

10.1101/843029 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Onur Can Uner ◽

Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis ◽

Oznur Tastan ◽

A. Ercument Cicek

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Side Effect ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Ground Truth ◽

The State ◽

Specific Information ◽

Context Specific

AbstractDrug failures due to unforeseen adverse effects at clinical trials pose health risks for the participants and lead to substantial financial losses. Side effect prediction algorithms have the potential to guide the drug design process. LINCS L1000 dataset provides a vast resource of cell line gene expression data perturbed by different drugs and creates a knowledge base for context specific features. The state-of-the-art approach that aims at using context specific information relies on only the high-quality experiments in LINCS L1000 and discards a large portion of the experiments. In this study, our goal is to boost the prediction performance by utilizing this data to its full extent. We experiment with 5 deep learning architectures. We find that a multi-modal architecture produces the best predictive performance among multi-layer perceptron-based architectures when drug chemical structure (CS), and the full set of drug perturbed gene expression profiles (GEX) are used as modalities. Overall, we observe that the CS is more informative than the GEX. A convolutional neural network-based model that uses only SMILES string representation of the drugs achieves the best results and provides 13.0% macro-AUC and 3.1% micro-AUC improvements over the state-of-the-art. We also show that the model is able to predict side effect-drug pairs that are reported in the literature but was missing in the ground truth side effect dataset. DeepSide is available at http://github.com/OnurUner/DeepSide.

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Distinct Profiles of 50 kHz Vocalizations Differentiate Between Social Versus Non-social Reward Approach and Consumption

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2021.693698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Seidisarouei ◽

Sander van Gurp ◽

Nicole Melisa Pranic ◽

Irina Noguer Calabus ◽

Marijn van Wingerden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vocal Communication ◽

Preference Test ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Specific Information ◽

Social Reward ◽

Vocal Responses ◽

The Social ◽

Wide Range ◽

Context Specific ◽

Social Rewards

Social animals tend to possess an elaborate vocal communication repertoire, and rats are no exception. Rats utilize ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to communicate information about a wide range of socially relevant cues, as well as information regarding the valence of the behavior and/or surrounding environment. Both quantitative and qualitative acoustic properties of these USVs are thought to communicate context-specific information to conspecifics. Rat USVs have been broadly categorized into 22 and 50 kHz call categories, which can be further classified into subtypes based on their sonographic features. Recent research indicates that the 50 kHz calls and their various subtype profiles may be related to the processing of social and non-social rewards. However, only a handful of studies have investigated USV elicitation in the context of both social and non-social rewards. Here, we employ a novel behavioral paradigm, the social-sucrose preference test, that allowed us to measure rats’ vocal responses to both non-social (i.e., 2, 5, and 10% sucrose) and social reward (interact with a Juvenile rat), presented concurrently. We analyzed adult male Long-Evans rats’ vocal responses toward social and non-social rewards, with a specific focus on 50 kHz calls and their 14 subtypes. We demonstrate that rats’ preference and their vocal responses toward a social reward were both influenced by the concentration of the non-social reward in the maze. In other words, rats showed a trade-off between time spent with non-social or social stimuli along with increasing concentrations of sucrose, and also, we found a clear difference in the emission of flat and frequency-modulated calls in the social and non-social reward zones. Furthermore, we report that the proportion of individual subtypes of 50 kHz calls, as well as the total USV counts, showed variation across different types of rewards as well. Our findings provide a thorough overview of rat vocal responses toward non-social and social rewards and are a clear depiction of the variability in the rat vocalization repertoire, establishing the role of call subtypes as key players driving context-specific vocal responses of rats.

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