scholarly journals Extrapair paternity in a sequentially polyandrous shorebird: limited evidence for the sperm storage hypothesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Johannes Krietsch ◽  
Margherita Cragnolini ◽  
Sylvia Kuhn ◽  
Richard B. Lanctot ◽  
Sarah T. Saalfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Extrapair Paternity

The Effects of the sphragis on male and female genitalia in Acraea (Nymphalidae) butterflies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L Summers ◽  
Akito Y Kawahara ◽  
Ana P. S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Storage Organ ◽  
Mating Plug ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Sexually Antagonistic Coevolution

Male mating plugs have been used in many species to prevent female re-mating and sperm competition. One of the most extreme examples of a mating plug is the sphragis, which is a large, complex and externalized plug found only in butterflies. This structure is found in many species in the genus Acraea (Nymphalidae) and provides an opportunity for investigation of the effects of the sphragis on the morphology of the genitalia, which is poorly understood. This study aims to understand morphological interspecific variation in the genitalia of Acraea butterflies. Using specimens from museum collections, abdomen dissections were conducted on 19 species of Acraea: 9 sphragis bearing and 10 non-sphragis bearing species. Genitalia imaging was performed for easier comparison and analysis and measurements of genitalia structures was done using ImageJ software. Some distinguishing morphological features in the females were found. The most obvious difference is the larger and more externalized copulatory opening in sphragis bearing species, with varying degrees of external projections. Females of the sphragis bearing species also tend to have a shorter ductus (the structure that connects the copulatory opening with the sperm storage organ) than those without the sphragis. These differences may be due to a sexually antagonistic coevolution between the males and females, where the females evolve larger and more difficult to plug copulatory openings and the males attempt to prevent re-mating with the sphragis.

The Excavation of a Settlement of the Later Bronze Age and Iron Age at Myrehead, Falkirk District

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Ring Groove ◽  
Domestic Activity ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
First Millennium Bc ◽  
Actual Settlement

SUMMARY Myrehead has revealed the eroded remnants of activity from the Beaker period (Period A) onwards, with actual settlement evinced only from about the early first millennium be. The three houses and the cooking pits of Period B may have been constructed and used sequentially. This open settlement was probably replaced during the mid first millennium bc, possibly without a break, by a palisaded enclosure (Period C), which may have contained a ring-groove house and a four-post structure. Continued domestic activity (Period D) was suggested by a single pit outside the enclosure, dated to the late first millennium bc/early first millennium ad. The limited evidence of the economy of the settlements suggests a mixed farming system.

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

Perempuan Difabel Berhadapan Hukum

MUWAZAH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Muhammad Julijanto
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Examination Room

This paper describes women with disabilities who are facing legal cases, most of which are related to cases of sexual violence. The handling of cases of women with disabilities experienced problems, namely: law enforcers did not have a maximum understanding of the disabled; 2) limited access; 3) limited evidence: 4) difficulty communicating; 5) the community does not want to be a witness; 6) length of legal process; 7) lack of knowledge about the law; 8) there is no assistance in the police department during inspections, the examination room is not easily accessible, and the lack of information for victims; 9) the prosecutor does not provide information if the file has been delegated and; 10) judges have difficulty communicating. Therefore, law enforcers must have the same perception of diffables, so that they get legal justice.

scholarly journals Personality dynamics at work: The effects of form, time, and context of variability

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110173
Author(s):  
Nadin Beckmann ◽  
Damian P Birney ◽  
Amirali Minbashian ◽  
Jens F Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
State Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Trait Variability

The study aimed to investigate the status of within-person state variability in neuroticism and conscientiousness as individual differences constructs by exploring their (a) temporal stability, (b) cross-context consistency, (c) empirical links to selected antecedents, and (d) empirical links to longer term trait variability. Employing a sample of professionals ( N = 346) from Australian organisations, personality state data together with situation appraisals were collected using experience sampling methodology in field and repeatedly in lab-like settings. Data on personality traits, cognitive ability, and motivational mindsets were collected at baseline and after two years. Contingent (situation contingencies) and non-contingent (relative SD) state variability indices were relatively stable over time and across contexts. Only a small number of predictive effects of state variability were observed, and these differed across contexts. Cognitive ability appeared to be associated with state variability under lab-like conditions. There was limited evidence of links between short-term state and long-term trait variability, except for a small effect for neuroticism. Some evidence of positive manifold was found for non-contingent variability. Systematic efforts are required to further elucidate the complex pattern of results regarding the antecedents, correlates and outcomes of individual differences in state variability.

scholarly journals Non-random associations in group housed rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Proops ◽  
Camille A. Troisi ◽  
Tanja K. Kleinhappel ◽  
Teresa Romero
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEcological factors, such as predation, have traditionally been used to explain sociability. However, it is increasingly recognised that individuals within a group do not associate randomly, and that these non-random associations can generate fitness advantages. The majority of the empirical evidence on differentiated associations in group-living mammals, however, comes from a limited number of taxa and we still know very little about their occurrence and characteristics in some highly social species, such as rats (Rattus spp.). Here, using network analysis, we quantified association patterns in four groups of male fancy rats. We found that the associations between rats were not randomly distributed and that most individuals had significantly more preferred/avoided associates than expected by random. We also found that these preferences can be stable over time, and that they were not influenced by individuals’ rank position in the dominance hierarchy. Our findings are consistent with work in other mammals, but contrast with the limited evidence available for other rat strains. While further studies in groups with different demographic composition are warranted to confirm our findings, the occurrence of differentiated associations in all male groups of rats have important implications for the management and welfare of captive rat populations.

scholarly journals Clinical Features And Outcomes Of Streptococcus Anginosus Group Infective Endocarditis: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal ◽  
Luis Eduardo López-Cortés ◽  
Laura Escolà-Vergé ◽  
Arístides De Alarcón González ◽  
Guillermo Cuervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

Abstract Background Although Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) endocarditis is considered a severe disease associated with abscess formation and embolic events, there is limited evidence to support this assumption. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive patients with definite SAG endocarditis in 28 centers in Spain and Italy. A comparison between cases due to SAG endocarditis and viridans group streptococci (VGS) or Streptococcus gallolyticus group (SGG) was performed in a 1:2 matched analysis. Results Of 5,336 consecutive cases of definite endocarditis, 72 (1.4%) were due to SAG and matched with 144 cases due to VGS/SGG. SAG endocarditis was community acquired in 64 (88.9%) cases and affected aortic native valve in 29 (40.3%). When comparing SAG and VGS/SGG endocarditis, no significant differences were found in septic shock (8.3% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.116); valve disorder, including perforation (22.2% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.584), pseudoaneurysm (16.7% vs. 8.3%, P = 0.108), or prosthesis dehiscence (1.4% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.170); paravalvular complications, including abscess (25% vs. 18.8%, P = 0.264) and intracardiac fistula (5.6% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.485); heart failure (34.7% vs. 38.9%, P = 0.655); and embolic events (41.7% vs. 32.6%, P = 0.248). Indications for surgery (70.8% vs. 70.8%; P =1) and mortality (13.9% vs. 16.7%; P = 0.741) were similar between groups. Conclusions SAG endocarditis is an infrequent but serious condition that presents a prognosis similar to that of VGS/SGG

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