Chemical composition, in vivo digestibility, N degradability and enzymatic intestinal digestibility of five protein supplements

Four varieties of common vetch, three improved varieties and one local variety, were evaluated for grain chemical composition, rumen protein degradability, and intestinal protein digestibility over two cropping years on the Tibetan Plateau. This study also examined correlations of grain chemical composition with rumen degradability parameters of grain protein and with intestinal digestibility of grain protein. Results of this study showed that grain quality attributes varied (p < 0.05) among varieties and cropping years. Significant intra-species variation was observed for concentrations (g/kg dry matter) of crude protein (CP; range = 347–374), ether extract (range = 15.8–19.6), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF; range = 201–237), acid detergent fiber (range = 58.2–71.6), ash (range = 27.6–31.0), effective CP degradability (EDCP; range = 732–801 g/kg CP), and intestinally absorbable digestible protein (IADP; range = 136–208 g/kg CP). The relationship between grain chemical composition and IADP was best described by the linear regression equation IADP = –0.828CP + 8.80ash + 0.635aNDF + 70.2 (R2 = 0.891), indicating that chemical analysis offers a quick and reliable method for IADP of common vetch grain. In terms of EDCP and IADP of grain, common vetch varieties, Lanjian No.2 and Lanjian No. 3, have the greatest potential among varieties tested for supplementing ruminant diets when grown on the Tibetan Plateau.

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Development, validation and application of a three-step in vitro procedure for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032407 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 127-129

Author(s):

S. Calsamiglia ◽

M. D. Stern

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Digestion ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Dietary Nitrogen ◽

Intestinal Digestion ◽

Intestinal Digestibility

The total amount of dietary protein available for absorption is dependent on the flow of dietary nitrogen (N) to the duodenum and its intestinal digestibility. Variation in intestinal digestion among protein supplements has been reported in vivo (Stern et al., 1985) and in situ (Hvelplund, 1985). Obtaining estimates of protein digestion in the small intestine is expensive, labour intensive and requires the use of surgically prepared animals. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable in vitro technique to estimate intestinal digestion of proteins in ruminants.

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Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2020-0222 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

K. Zerrouki ◽

N. Djebli ◽

L. Gadouche ◽

I. Erdogan Orhan ◽

F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Extract ◽

Swiss Mice ◽

Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

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An Automated Technique for in Vitro Assessment of the Susceptibility of Urinary Catheter Materials to Encrustation

Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/emed_jour_1987_016_009_02 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 37-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

A J Cox ◽

D W L Hukins ◽

K E Davies ◽

J C Irlam ◽

T M Sutton

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Urinary Catheter ◽

Reaction Vessel ◽

Indwelling Catheters ◽

Artificial Urine ◽

In Vitro Assessment ◽

Infected Urine ◽

Automated Technique

An automated technique has been developed for assessing the extent to which existing or potential materials for the construction of indwelling catheters become encrusted during exposure to infected urine. In this technique the enzyme urease is added to artificial urine containing albumin in a reaction vessel which contains the samples to be tested. Controlled replacement of reactants leads to appreciable formation of encrusting deposits which adhere firmly to the surface of the test samples. Deposits have the same chemical composition as those which encrust catheters in vivo.

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Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sesame Stover with NaOH and Urea on Chemical Composition and In vivo Rumen Digestion in Sheep

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb.6.1.9147 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad MALEKKHAHI ◽

Mohsen D. MESGARAN

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Treatment

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Rumen degradation and fractional outflow rates of nitrogen supplements given to cattle eating sodium hydroxide-treated straw

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19860045 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 387-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. Amaning-Kwarteng ◽

R. C. Kellaway ◽

Jane Leibholz ◽

A. C. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Cotton Seed ◽

Relative Importance ◽

High Intake ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Cotton Seed Meal ◽

Meat Meal ◽

The Difference

1. Six rumen and abomasal cannulated heifers were used to study the effects of intake on the fractional outflow rates (FOR) of chromium-mordanted cotton-seed meal (Cr-CSM) and meat meal (Cr-MM), CrEDTA, ytterbium and lignin from the rumen. Values of FOR of Cr-CSM and Cr-MM were combined with values of nitrogen disappearance from the protein supplements, placed in porous synthetic (nylon) bags and incubated within the rumen (P), to calculate effective degradation (D)of CSM and MM when fed to heifers eating sodium hydroxide-treated straw. Also, N degradation in vivo (V) was measured as the difference between abomasal N flow and the sum of flows of microbial and endogenous N.2. FOR were positively related to intake and differences between supplements were significant (p<0.01). FOR pertaining to high and low intakes respectively were 0.073 and 0.052 for Cr-CSM, 0.082 and 0.071 for Cr-MM, 0.030 and 0.023 for lignin, 0.082 and 0.073 for CrEDTA and 0, 044 and 0.035 for Yb.3. A rise of 28.8 and 13.4% in FOR of Cr-CSM and Cr-MM respectively, associated with an increase in intake from maintenance to 1.5 times maintenance, resulted in 10.7 and 2.2% reductions inD, 24 h after feeding, for CSM and MM respectively.4. With the exception of CSM at the high intake, estimates ofVwere underestimated byDand were 8.6–25.0% greater than theDvalues when time of incubation (t)= ∞. The two techniques, however, ranked the degradation of the two supplements in the same order at both levels of intake.5. Underestimation ofVbyDmay be attributable to underestimation ofP, overestimation of FOR (both resulting in underestimation ofD) or overestimation ofVdue to biases associated with the estimation of this part of the comparison. The relative importance of these factors remains to be determined.

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Chemical composition, antitumor activity, and toxicity of essential oil from the leaves of Lippia microphylla

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2014-4138 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (5-6) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aline L. Xavier ◽

João Carlos L.R. Pita ◽

Monalisa T. Brito ◽

Déborah R.P. Meireles ◽

Josean F. Tavares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antitumor Activity ◽

Liver Function ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Pharmacological Study ◽

Hematological Toxicity ◽

Sarcoma 180 ◽

Hemolytic Assay ◽

In Vivo Antitumor Activity

Abstract The chemical composition, antitumor activity and toxicity of the essential oil from Lippia microphylla leaves (OEL) were investigated. The major constituents were thymol (46.5%), carvacrol (31.7%), p-cymene (9%), and γ-terpinene (2.9%). To evaluate the toxicity of OEL in non-tumor cells, the hemolytic assay with Swiss mice erythrocytes was performed. The concentration producing 50% hemolysis (HC50) was 300 μg/mL. Sarcoma 180 tumor growth was inhibited in vivo 38% at 50 mg/kg, and 60% at 100 mg/kg, whereas 5-FU at 50 mg/kg caused 86% inhibition. OEL displays moderate gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity along with causing some alteration in liver function and morphology. However, the changes were considered reversible and negligible in comparison to the effects of several anticancer drugs. In summary, OEL displays in vivo antitumor activity and a moderate toxicity, which suggests further pharmacological study.

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Antidiabetic effect of Sophora pachycarpa seeds extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: a statistical evaluation

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-2021-001818 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jim-2021-001818

Author(s):

Behnam Mahdavi ◽

Toktam Hajar ◽

Alireza Ghodsi ◽

Majid Mohammadhosseini ◽

Mohammad Mehmandost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Principal Component ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽

Plant Materials

Undoubtedly, identification of the chemical composition of organic extracts or secondary metabolites of plant materials and evaluation of their potential bioactivity are among the main objectives of natural products-based investigations. In the present study, we report the chemical composition and antidiabetic activity of Sophora pachycarpa (Family Fabaceae) seeds extract (SPE) for the first time. First, the plant seeds were macerated in ethanol. The extract was subjected to analysis on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system to identify the chemical composition. In vivo assay was run to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the extract. Forty mice were divided into four groups, namely healthy mice, untreated diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with metformin and diabetic mice treated with SPE. The antidiabetic activity of SPE was analyzed using three statistical methods, namely analysis of variance, K-means, and principal component analysis. According to GC-MS analysis, alkaloids of sophoridine, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid were among the most abundant constituent components of SPE. The extract also exhibited a notable antidiabetic activity and remarkably decreased the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) enzymes. The statistical analyses revealed there are no significant differences between the ability of SPE and metformin in the regulation of fasting blood sugar level and liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT, and SGOT). A quinolizidine alkaloid, namely sophoridine, along with fatty acids, viz oleic, linoleic, and n-hexadecanoic acid, were characterized as the major compounds in S. tachycardia seeds extract. The plant extract was also found as a potent agent to reduce blood glucose and liver enzymes.

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