Effects of feeding level and dietary supplementation with crystalline amino acids on digestible, metabolizable and net energy values of corn in growing pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakui Li ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Fenglai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

143 Impact of Replacing Soybean Meal with Corn DDGS and Crystalline Amino Acids on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Brooke E Anderson ◽  
Jon P Holt ◽  
R D Boyd ◽  
Eric van Heugten
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
Corn Ddgs

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with DDGS and crystalline amino acids on growth and carcass lean. Pigs (n = 512; 38.51±0.13 kg BW) were blocked by BW and sex and placed in 64 pens (4 gilts and barrows per pen). Treatments were arranged as a 2×4 factorial with DDGS included at 0 or 25% and L-lysine-HCl (LYS) added at 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%. Dietary SBM inclusion declined as LYS increased from 32.06 to 13.14% (Phase 1) and 28.25 to 9.40% (Phase 2) for control diets. It declined from 27.85 to 8.89% (Phase 1) and 24.05 to 5.10% (Phase 2) for DDGS diets. Diets contained 1.00 (Phase 1, 21 days) and 0.90% (Phase 2, 18 days) SID lysine and were balanced for ideal protein and net energy. During Phase 1, DDGS decreased ADG (P = 0.06; 786 vs. 821 g/d). Increasing LYS increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.05) ADG and ADFI with the greatest response at 0.4% LYS. G:F decreased (linear, P = 0.035) with increasing LYS. During Phase 2, increasing LYS in control, but not DDGS diets, decreased (linear, P < 0.005) ADG and ADFI. G:F declined (P = 0.054) with DDGS inclusion (370 vs. 383 g/kg). Overall, ADG decreased (linear, P = 0.005) as LYS increased in control (959, 929, 908, 860 g/d), but not DDGS diets (863, 908, 931, 832 g/d). ADFI decreased (linear, P = 0.014) with increasing LYS in control (2270, 2198, 2186, 2130 g/d), but increased (quadratic, P = 0.039) in DDGS diets (2112, 2207, 2324, 2103 g/d). DDGS reduced (P≤0.03) ADG (883 vs. 914 g/d), G:F (405 vs. 417 g/kg) and LEA (34.5 vs. 35.3 cm2), while increasing LYS decreased (linear, P < 0.005) G:F (417, 419, 409, 401 g/kg) and LEA (35.34, 35.17, 35.46, 33.64 cm2). Displacement of SBM with DDGS reduced growth and LYS addition negatively affected growth and G:F for diets with SBM, but not DDGS.

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and net energy contents in full fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meals (Hermetia illucens) fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelina Crosbie ◽  
Cuilan Zhu ◽  
Anna K Shoveller ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA; Exp. 1) and net energy (Exp. 2) in two black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) samples [full fat (FF; 42.5% crude protein (CP), as-fed) and defatted (DF; 40.8% CP; as-fed)] for growing pigs. Two cornstarch-based diets were formulated with FF and DF BSFLM as the sole sources of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also used, and the corn starch:sucrose:oil ratio was kept constant among diets to calculate digestible energy (DE) by difference method. In each experiment, pigs were fed 2.8 × estimated maintenance energy requirement. In Exp. 1, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (25.1 ± 0.41 kg initial body weight) were used in a replicated 2 × 2 Latin square design (n = 8). In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 5 d followed by 2 d of continuous ileal digesta collection for 8 h. The SID of AA were calculated using basal endogenous losses for pigs fed a nitrogen-free diet. In Exp. 2, eight barrows [23.4 ± 0.54 kg initial body weight (BW)] were used in a partially replicated Latin square design (n = 8). In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 7 d, followed by 5 d of total urine collection and fecal grab sampling. The SID of CP (80.6 ± 1.1%) and Lys (88.0 ± 1.4%) were not different between FF and DF BSFLM. The SID of Arg, Val, Ala, and Pro tended to be less, and the SID of Met tended to be greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P = 0.034, 0.090, 0.053, 0.065, 0.074, respectively). Digestible energy (4,927 vs. 3,941 ± 75 kcal/kg), metabolizable energy (4,569 vs. 3,396 ± 102 kcal/kg), and predicted net energy (3,477 vs. 2,640 ± 30 kcal/kg, using equations from Noblet; 3,479 vs. 2,287 ± 28 kcal/kg, using equations from Blok, respectively) were greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were greater for the FF versus the DF BSFLM (P ≤ 0.05). Both FF and DF BSFLM had high SID for most AA; however, FF BSFLM was a better source of net energy for growing pigs. Therefore, both FF and DF BSFLM could be used as protein alternatives in growing pig diets.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation of formaldehyde and crystalline amino acids on gut microbial composition of nursery pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Williams ◽  
R. A. Cochrane ◽  
J. C. Woodworth ◽  
J. M. DeRouchey ◽  
S. S. Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

scholarly journals 199 Effect of the Pelleting Process on Diet Formulations with Varying Levels of Crystalline Amino Acids and Reducing Sugars on Digestibility in Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Kara M Dunmire ◽  
Diego A Lopez ◽  
Chance J Fiehler ◽  
Yiqin Zhang ◽  
Cassandra K Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Low Crystalline ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine effects of pelleting on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in diets with or without increased concentrations of free AA and reducing sugars (RS). Eight individually housed, ileal cannulated barrows (initially 69.2 kg) were allotted to a replicated 8×8 Latin square with 8 diets and eight 7-d periods with ileal digesta collected on d 6 and 7. Treatments were arranged in a 2×2×2 factorial with main effects of diet form (mash vs. pellet), crystalline AA (low vs. high), or reducing sugars (low vs. high) provided by dried distillers grains with solubles and bakery meal. Diets were pelleted to achieve a hot pellet temperature of 85 to 88°C. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized Latin square using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. A feed form×RS interaction (P < 0.026) for SID of tryptophan was observed. Feeding pelleted low RS diets improved SID of tryptophan compared with mash high and low RS diets, and pelleted high RS diets. For main effects of feed form, the SID of total AA, CP, and indispensable AA increased (P < 0.042) in pigs fed pelleted diets compared with mash diets. For main effects of crystalline AA, pigs fed high crystalline AA had increased (P = 0.007) SID of tryptophan and decreased (P = 0.050) SID of histidine compared with those fed low crystalline AA diets. For main effects of RS diets, pigs fed high RS diets had decreased (P < 0.05) SID of total AA, CP and indispensable AA. In conclusion, pelleting diets with increased crystalline AA or RS did not affect the improvement in AA digestibility from pelleting. Pelleting diets improved AA digestibility. Diets formulated with high crystalline AA had increased SID of tryptophan. Formulating diets with high RS resulted in decreased AA digestibility compared with corn-soybean meal-based diets.

Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in wet wheat protein and soya bean meal for growing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Mäkinen ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Wheat Protein ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

A study was conducted on four castrated male pigs to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids in wheat protein (WP), a wet by-product of the starch and gluten industry, and in soya bean meal (SBM). The pigs were fitted with a steered ileo-caecal valve cannula at a liveweight of 35 kg. They were assigned to two semi-purified wheat starch based diets, with either WP or SBM as a sole protein source, and fed according to a three-period reversal design. The diets were formulated to contain 140 g CP/kg DM, 11.3 MJ net energy/kg DM and similar amounts of lysine, methionine and threonine. The CP content and the lysine and threonine contents in CP were lower in WP than in SBM. Nearly half of the DM in WP was starch, and the crude fibre content of the product was very low. The apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities of CP were very similar in both the WP and SBM diets. The AID of methionine was higher in WP (88.2%) than in SBM (84.6%) diets (P

scholarly journals Effect of essential:total nitrogen ratio on protein utilization in the growing pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Heger ◽  
Samson Mengesha ◽  
David Vodehnal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids

Two N balance experiments using growing pigs were conducted to study the effect of essential:total (E:T) N ratio on N retention and utilization. Purified diets contained casein and crystalline amino acids as the sole sources of N. E:T values ranged from 0·25 to 0·86 while either the concentration of total N (Expt. 1) or essential N (Expt 2) was kept constant. At a constant concentration of total dietary N, N retention and total N utilization were maximized with an E:T value of approximately 0·6, while essential N utilization gradually decreased as E:T increased. At a constant level of essential N, N retention remained unchanged until the E:T value reached 0·48 and then decreased. In Expt 2, maximum total N utilization was attained with an E:T value of 0·66 while N excretion and essential N utilization decreased with increased E:T value. These results suggest that under conditions of optimal protein utilization, essential amino acids are partially degraded and used for the synthesis of non-essential amino acids.

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