Superficial Pd nanoparticles supported on carbonaceous SBA-15 as efficient hydrotreating catalyst for upgrading biodiesel fuel

<div>The interface between two immiscible liquids represent an ideal substrate for the assembly of nanomaterials. The defect free surface provides a reproducible support for creating densely packed ordered materials. Here a droplet flow reactor is presented for the synthesis and/ or assembly of nanomaterials at the interface of the emulsion. Each droplet acts as microreactor for a reaction between decamethylferrocene (DmFc) within the hexane and metal salts (Ag+/ Pd2+) in the aqueous phase. The hypothesis was that a spontaneous, interfacial reaction would lead to the assembly of nanomaterials creating a Pickering emulsion. The subsequent removal of the solvents showed how the Ag nanoparticles were trapped at the interface and retain the shape of the droplet, however the Pd nanoparticles were dispersed with no tertiary structure. To further exploit this, a one-step process where the particles are synthesised and then assembled into core-shell materials was proposed. The same reactions were performed in the presence of oleic acid stabilise Iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed within the hexane. It was shown that by changing the reaction rate and ratio between palladium and iron oxide a continuous coating of palladium onto iron oxide microspheres can be created. The same reaction with silver, was unsuccessful and resulted in the silver particles being shed into solution, or incorporated within the iron oxide micro particle. These insights offer a new method and chemistry within flow reactors for the creation of palladium and silver nanoparticles. We use the technique to create metal coated iron oxide nanomaterials but the methodology could be easily transferred to the assembly of other materials.</div><div><br></div>

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Engine Performance with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fuel and Emission Characteristics

Engineering and Technology Journal ◽

10.30684/etj.v38i5a.419 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (5A) ◽

pp. 779-788

Author(s):

Marwa N. Kareem ◽

Adel M. Salih

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Content ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Biodiesel Blends ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Hc Emissions

In this study, the sunflowers oil was utilized as for producing biodiesel via a chemical operation, which is called trans-esterification reaction. Iraqi diesel fuel suffers from high sulfur content, which makes it one of the worst fuels in the world. This study is an attempt to improve the fuel specifications by reducing the sulfur content of the addition of biodiesel fuel to diesel where this fuel is free of sulfur and has a thermal energy that approaches to diesel.20%, 30% and 50% of Biodiesel fuel were added to the conventional diesel. Performance tests and pollutants of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine were performed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency a decreased by (4%, 16%, and 22%) for the B20, B30 and B50, respectively. The increase in specific fuel consumption was (60%, 33%, and 11%) for the B50, B30, and B20 fuels, respectively for the used fuel blends compared to neat diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas emissions measures manifested a decreased of CO and HC were CO decreased by (13%), (39%) and (52%), and the HC emissions were lower by (6.3%), (32%), and (46%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The reduction of exhaust gas temperature was (7%), (14%), and (32%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively. The NOx emission increased with the increase in biodiesel blends ratio. For B50, the raise was (29.5%) in comparison with diesel fuel while for B30 and B20, the raise in the emissions of NOx was (18%) and...

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The dependence of hydrogen storage properties on the sizes of Pd nanoparticles prepared by a solution-reduction method

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.35848/1347-4065/abbb6a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (SA) ◽

pp. SAAC05

Author(s):

Masakuni Ozawa ◽

Tatumi Todoroki ◽

Hitoshi Kato ◽

Masatomo Hattori

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Storage ◽

Reduction Method ◽

Pd Nanoparticles ◽

Hydrogen Storage Properties ◽

Storage Properties

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Experimental Investigation on Perovskite Nanomaterial as an Additive for Biodiesel Fuel using Taguchi

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2017.8126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol V (VIII) ◽

pp. 896-902

Author(s):

Kalpana G. Joshi

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Biodiesel Fuel

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Cultivation of Rapeseed in the Southern Urals and Its Rational Use

Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK ◽

10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-78-86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 78-86

Author(s):

Nikolay S. Sergeev ◽

Mikhail V. Zapevalov ◽

Alexander V. Gritsenko

Keyword(s):

Southern Urals ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Rational Use ◽

Chelyabinsk Region ◽

Spring Rape

In the continental climate of the southern Urals, rapeseed compares favorably with many forage and traditional silage crops with a high protein content and adaptive properties. The cultivation of rapeseed guarantees the production of its own seeds, up to 40 percent of oil, 60 percent of cake and 98 percent of rapeseed flour. (The research purpose) The research purpose is in improving the efficiency of rapeseed cultivation and rational use of rapeseed seeds, rapeseed flour and oil in the agricultural production in the Chelyabinsk region. (Materials and methods) The influence of various forecrops on the productivity and quality of spring rape seeds in the links of grain-pair crop rotations in the Northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region were studied. Authors have analyzed the chemical composition of the soil and seeds of spring rape after various forecrops. (Results and discussion) The article proposes to reduce energy costs during pressing and reduce residual oil in the cake after pre-grinding of rapeseed by cutting method using a centrifugal-rotary shredder. The article shows that rapeseed flour has a good flowability and is easily mixed with other feeds. It was found that partial replacement of concentrates with rapeseed flour in the amount of 8-12 percent of the total weight in the diet of lactating cows contributes to an increase in milk productivity by 1.1-1.8 kilograms in terms of milk of 4 percent fat content. (Conclusions) It has been revealed that in order to increase the yield and quality of spring rape seeds, it is necessary to place them on the best forecrops. It was found that when 75 percent of rapeseed oil is mixed with 25 percent of diesel fuel, the obtained biodiesel is not inferior to diesel in terms of energy indicators. The article proves that when cultivating rapeseed for seeds on an area of 100 hectares, it is possible to produce 94.5 tons of biodiesel fuel, 106.0 tons of cake with an oil content of 5 percent and 8.4 tons of oil sludge, the estimated economic effect after sale is of 3,813,325 rubles.

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Pd Nanoparticles Stabilized on the Cross-Linked Melamine-Based SBA-15 as a Catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck Reaction

Catalysis Letters ◽

10.1007/s10562-021-03691-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayat Nuri ◽

Abolfazl Bezaatpour ◽

Mandana Amiri ◽

Nemanja Vucetic ◽

Jyri-Pekka Mikkola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Pd Nanoparticles ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractMesoporous SBA-15 silicate with a high surface area was prepared by a hydrothermal method, successively modified by organic melamine ligands and then used for deposition of Pd nanoparticles onto it. The synthesized materials were characterized with infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The catalyst was effectively used in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction of various reactants in the presence of an organic base giving the desired products in a short reaction time and with small catalysts loadings. The reaction parameters such as the base type, amounts of catalyst, solvents, and the temperature were optimized. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused at least seven times without significant activity losses. Graphic Abstract

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