Analysis of purified protein derivative test results in patients with active tuberculosis before and after anti-tuberculosis therapy

ABSTRACT QuantiFERON-TB (QIFN) (CSL Limited) is a whole-blood assay for the recognition of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis. QIFN measures gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production when purified protein derivatives (PPDs) of mycobacteria are incubated with venous blood samples. The specificity of QIFN in medical students before and after BCG immunization was assessed, and sensitivity in patients with tuberculosis was assessed. Antigens were PPD derived from M. tuberculosis and twoM. tuberculosis-specific proteins, ESAT-6 and MPT-64. Of 60 medical students, all of whom had 0-mm tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) at study entry, 58 (97%) were initially classified as negative forM. tuberculosis infection by PPD QIFN. Five months after BCG immunization, 7 of 54 students (13%) had a TST result of ≥10 mm and 11 of 54 students (20%) tested positive by PPD QIFN. ESAT-6- and MPT-64-stimulated IFN-γ responses in the medical students were negative prior to and after BCG immunization. For patients with active tuberculosis, 12 of 19 (63%) were positive by PPD QIFN, 11 of 19 (58%) were positive by ESAT-6 QIFN, and 0 of 12 were positive by MPT-64 QIFN. In conclusion, PPD QIFN was negative in 97% of a low-risk population who had not received BCG and who had negative TSTs. The specificities of both the TST and PPD QIFN were reduced following BCG immunization. PPD QIFN and ESAT-6 QIFN were of similar and moderate sensitivity in patients with active tuberculosis, but ESAT-6 QIFN is likely to be more specific because it is not influenced by past BCG exposure.

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BCG Vaccination and Interpretation of Purified Protein Derivative Test Results

Archives of Dermatology ◽

10.1001/archderm.1997.03890430138025 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 133 (7) ◽

pp. 916

Author(s):

Vincent W. Li

Keyword(s):

Test Results ◽

Purified Protein Derivative ◽

Bcg Vaccination ◽

Derivative Test

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Sunlight exposure: the effects on the performance of paragliding fabric

Industria Textila ◽

10.35530/it.069.05.1406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (05) ◽

pp. 381-389

Author(s):

MENGÜÇ GAMZE SÜPÜREN ◽

TEMEL EMRAH ◽

BOZDOĞAN FARUK

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Aging Process ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Sunlight Exposure ◽

Test Results ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Strength Tests ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship ◽

Dark Blue

This study was designed to explore the relationship between sunlight exposure and the mechanical properties of paragliding fabrics which have different colors, densities, yarn counts, and coating materials. This study exposed 5 different colors of paragliding fabrics (red, turquoise, dark blue, orange, and white) to intense sunlight for 150 hours during the summer from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the UV radiation aging process, the air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and bursting strength tests were performed. Test results were also evaluated using statistical methods. According to the results, the fading of the turquoise fabric was found to be the highest among the studied fabrics. It was determined that there is a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabrics after sunlight exposure. After aging, the fabrics become considerably weaker in the case of mechanical properties due to the degradation in both the dyestuff and macromolecular structure of the fiber

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An Empirical Study on the Application of Cooperative Learning to Comprehensive English Classes in a Chinese Independent College

English Language Teaching ◽

10.5539/elt.v10n2p94 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Ji Meng

Keyword(s):

Cooperative Learning ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Test Results ◽

Independent College ◽

Language Competence ◽

English Classes ◽

Academic Level ◽

Before And After ◽

Posttest Questionnaire ◽

Positive Impacts

This research investigated a comparison between the effect of cooperative learning and lecture teaching on Comprehensive English classes in a Chinese Independent College. An empirical study for two semesters was carried out in the forms of pretest, posttest, questionnaire and interviews. While control class was taught in the conventional way, experiment class was instructed based on cooperative base groups with positive interdependence structured on purpose. Compared with traditional instructions, cooperative learning as pedagogy can improve students’ performance on course exams, but not necessarily their language competence as shown in national English competency tests taken before and after the experiement. Test results also indicate students from experiment class who excelled in competency test outnumbered those from control class, revealing that cooperative learning has positive impacts especially on students at a relatively higher academic level. Questionaire results show that students are most inclined to agree they have more chances to practice the language in a cooperative environment.

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Characteristics of Phenomena in Powders Type RE2Zr2O7-Al2O3 in High Temperature Annealing Conditions

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.583 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 312-315 ◽

pp. 583-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Grzegorz Moskal ◽

Lucjan Swadźba ◽

Marek Hetmańczyk ◽

Bartosz Witala

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Perovskite Oxide ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽

Test Results ◽

Dsc Analysis ◽

Annealing Conditions ◽

Before And After ◽

Influence Of Temperature On ◽

Dta Analysis ◽

Type Bond

The paper presents test results and characterizes the structural stability of powders, which form a mixture of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and gadolinium, based on rare earth zirconates. This mixture is provided to create thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) by spraying. The purpose of the tests was to determine the influence of temperature on reactions, occurring between those powders within a temperature range from 25°C to 1500°C, while such conditions were to simulate the conditions, which occur during creation of TBCs and they give an answer to the question concerning mutual reactivity of the powders. The requirements for new materials, provided to spray the TBCs, indicate the necessity to prepare the materials, which do not show tendency towards reactions with the Al2O3, formed during oxidation of Ni (Co) CrAlY, while this reaction is of type bond coat. The tests included differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis and differential thermal analysis (DTA) of powder mixtures. Diffraction analysis was also performed before and after the tests have been finished. The DSC analysis results, obtained at a range of high temperature, did not show any thermal effects, which indicate a low level of mutual reactivity of the powders. However, the DTA analysis suggests presence of such effects at temperature close to 1300°C, and it indicates the necessity to verify exactly the obtained results. Results of the XRD measurement showed that after annealing process already at 1100°C the perovskite oxide of GdAlO3 was present.

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Effect of styrene–butadiene–styrene content on the adhesion properties of bitumen before and after heat aging

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l08-001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 454-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Zieliński

Keyword(s):

Adhesion Strength ◽

Test Results ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Before And After ◽

Styrene Content ◽

Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Steel Substrates ◽

Butadiene Styrene

This article describes the effect of heat aging and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) content in bitumen on the adhesion properties of mastics (bitumen-filler mix) to concrete and steel substrates. Test results showed that the adhesion strength of bituminous mastics to concrete and steel substrates decreased as the SBS content increased. Bitumen types modified with 9%–12% of SBS, commonly used in waterproofing materials, showed an approximately three times weaker bond with concrete and steel substrates than the nonmodified equivalents. Results also showed that after heat aging, the adhesion strength of the nonmodified bitumen was always higher than that of the unheated bitumen modified with 9%–12% of SBS.

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POLICY OF PROMOTING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN TIMES OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN INDIA: A MEDICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS.

10.36106/ijar/1510903 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Neha Sharma ◽

Ayush Anand ◽

Shreyas Joshi ◽

Samrat Ray

Keyword(s):

Mobile Application ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Social Contact ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Test Results ◽

Before And After ◽

The Given ◽

Constitutional Analysis

BACKGROUND: India, with the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic, started imposing restrictions in the country th and initiated a nationwide lockdown under Section 6 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 on 24 March 2020, followed by four phases of lockdown and then gradual unlock of the country. The rationale behind the same was to avoid social contact. Alcohol dispensing was also stopped during this time and was among the rst services to be reopened by the States. We propose in this paper that this lifting of ban on alcohol sale during the pandemic has led to a signicant increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in the country. METHODS: This is a prospective, observational study, done by collecting data from the Aargya Setu App, which is a mobile application launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on 2 April 2020 for contact tracing and elf assessment of COVID-19. The data of cumulative number of cases in 12 selected states of the country were compared before and after the lift of ban of alcohol and signicance was shown by the paired t test. RESULTS: The number of COVID-19 positive cases in the country during nationwide lockdown with simultaneous ban on alcohol sale when compared to cumulative number of cases after the lift of ban of alcohol sale during Lockdown and initial Unlock is statistically signicant (p = 0.04) CONCLUSION: We found that the decision to restart the sale of Alcohol could have been a factor for rise in number of cases in the country in the given timeframe. The decision to start the sale has also not been in accordance with the Indian Constitution and against the nation's founding ethics.

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Analisis Reaksi Pasar Terhadap Pengumuman Merger dan Akuisisi Pada Perusahaan Akuisitor yang Terdaftar di BEI

E-Jurnal Akuntansi ◽

10.24843/eja.2018.v23.i03.p10 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1870

Author(s):

Ika Putri Adnyani ◽

Gayatri Gayatri

Keyword(s):

Abnormal Return ◽

Trading Volume ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Cumulative Abnormal Return ◽

Test Results ◽

Volume Activity ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Before And After

This research is conducted on all acquisition companies that conduct acquisitions listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011-2016 period. Sampling method using purposive sampling. The number of samples of this research is 50 companies. The market reaction in this study used abnormal return and trading volume activity. The testing of information content will be done by looking at differences in cumulative abnormal return and the average trading volume of shares five days before and five days after the announcement of the acquisition. Data analysis technique used is paired sample t-test. Based on the test results, found there are significant differences in the abnormal return of the acquirer company before and after the announcement of the acquisition. However, there is no difference in trading volume activity of the acquirer's stock before and after the acquisition announcement Keywords: acquisitions, stock market, abnormal return, trading volume activity

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In-plane Shear Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using GFRP Jacketing

Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppci.11311 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Enea Mustafaraj ◽

Yavuz Yardim

Keyword(s):

Experimental Results ◽

Test Results ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Shear Strengthening ◽

Plane Shear ◽

Standard Size ◽

Reinforced Polymer ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽

Diagonal Compression ◽

Before And After

In this paper, it is presented the experimental results of a campaign on diagonal compression tests, as of ASTM E519-02, to assess and compare the in-plane behavior of standard size of 1200 × 1200 × 250 mm, for three unreinforced and three reinforced wall panels by glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) embedded in an inorganic matrix.From the diagonal compression test results, were determined some of the main mechanical parameters such as: shear strength, modulus of rigidity and ductility, before and after application of the reinforcement.The experimental results showed that the GFRP reinforced panels exhibited a significant increase of 127% in shear resistance, 1100% in ductility and 650% in modulus of rigidity when compared to unreinforced panels.It was concluded that this technique provided satisfactory results and can be considered a suitable method for repair of masonry structures.

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