Neuropsychological functioning in child sexual abusers: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 101405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Turner ◽  
Martin Rettenberger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Child Sexual Abusers

Understanding the world of dementia. How do people with dementia experience the world?

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A Zwijsen ◽  
Eva van der Ploeg ◽  
Cees M.P.M. Hertogh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World

ABSTRACTBackground:There is growing awareness that the subjective experience of people with dementia is important for understanding behavior and improving quality of life. This paper reviews and reflects on the currently available theories on subjective experience in dementia and it explores the possibility of a knowledge gap on the influence of neurological deficits on experience in late stage dementia.Methods:A literature review on current commonly used theories on experience in dementia was supplemented with a systematic review in PubMed and Psychinfo. For the systematic review, the terms used were Perception and Dementia and Behavior; and Awareness and Dementia and Long term care.Results:Current models emphasize the psychosocial factors that influence subjective experience, but the consequences of neurological deficits are not elaborated upon. The systematic literature search on the neuropsychological functioning in dementia resulted in 631 papers, of which 94 were selected for review. The current knowledge is limited to the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Next to memory impairments, perception of the direct environment, interpretation of the environment, and inhibition of own responses to the environment seem to be altered in people with dementia.Conclusions:Without knowledge on how perception, interpretation and the ability for response control are altered, the behavior of people with dementia can easily be misinterpreted. Research into neuropsychological functioning of people in more severe stages and different forms of dementia is needed to be able to develop a model that is truly biopsychosocial. The proposed model can be used in such research as a starting point for developing tests and theories.

scholarly journals The Neuropsychological Profile of Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Broomfield ◽  
Kristin Stedal ◽  
Stephen Touyz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Confounding Variables

Characteristics of Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN) are being investigated to differentiate the patients experiencing SE-AN from those at earlier stages of the AN disease. The current systematic review was the first step in exploring neuropsychological functioning as a potentially identifying characteristic for long-term presentations. With a subgroup of AN patients reflecting a unique neuropsychological profile that is proportionate to the quantity of patients that go on to develop SE-AN, it was the aim of this review to assess neuropsychological functioning in the later stage of the disease. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted using four electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus) for neuropsychological research on AN participants with a seven or more year illness duration. Datasets that met inclusion criteria were screened for SE-AN participants (N = 166) and neuropsychological data extracted together with potentially confounding variables and information required to conduct a quality assessment. In research investigating decision-making, participants with a SE-AN presentation demonstrated significantly lower functioning compared to healthy controls. There was conflicting evidence for differences in intellectual functioning and set-shifting abilities with no variability indicated in central coherence, memory, attention, reasoning, or processing speed. If findings from this preliminary analysis are confirmed through empirical research, implications include earlier identification of SE-AN patients and more effective treatment development.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological functioning and chronic methadone use: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baldacchino ◽  
M. Armanyous ◽  
D.J.K. Balfour ◽  
G. Humphris ◽  
K. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis

The Relationship between Social Cognition and Executive Functions in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Tatiana T.B.A. dos Santos ◽  
Raquel L.S. de Carvalho ◽  
Marcela Nogueira ◽  
Maria A.T. Baptista ◽  
Nathália Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Cognition Impairment

Introduction: Social Cognition (SC) is a complex construct that reflects a wide variety of implicit and explicit cognitive processes. Many neurocognitive domains are associated with SC and the Executive Function (EF) is the most representative one. We conducted a systematic review aiming at clarifying whether SC impairments are associated with dysfunction on EF in people with Alzheimer Disease (AD). Methods: The search, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA), was undertaken between January 2007 and December 2019 using Pubmed, SciELO, BIREME and Thomson Reuters Web of Science electronic databases. The keywords were SC, AD, EF, Neuropsychological functioning and Executive Disorder. Results: One hundred thirty-six articles were identified and fifteen were included. These studies are not in agreement about the extent of SC deficits in AD, mainly in the mild stage of the disease. EF deficits, specifically inhibition and the ability to manipulate verbal information, are associated with the impairment in SC in AD. SC decreases with the disease progression, a relationship explained by global cognition impairment and SC specific symptoms. Conclusion: SC impairment is associated with disease progression, mainly because of the decline in EF. Studies on SC components are unequal, contributing to a frequent generalization of Theory of Mind results, and often hampering the investigation of other components, mainly empathy. More precise knowledge about SC functioning in AD may contribute to a better understanding of the behavioral changes and interpersonal interactions.

Systematic review and case series of neuropsychological functioning after epilepsy surgery in children with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNET)

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn B. Fay-McClymont ◽  
Marianne Hrabok ◽  
Elisabeth M.S. Sherman ◽  
Walter J. Hader ◽  
Mary B. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neuroepithelial Tumors ◽  
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Functioning in Users of Serotonergic Psychedelics – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas A. Basedow ◽  
Thomas G. Riemer ◽  
Simon Reiche ◽  
Reinhold Kreutz ◽  
Tomislav Majić
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Matching Problems ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
The Individual

Background: Serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) like LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and mescaline are a heterogeneous group of substances that share agonism at 5-HT2a receptors. Besides the ability of these substances to facilitate profoundly altered states of consciousness, persisting psychological effects have been reported after single administrations, which outlast the acute psychedelic effects. In this review and meta-analysis, we investigated if repeated SP use associates with a characteristic neuropsychological profile indicating persisting effects on neuropsychological function.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating the neuropsychological performance in SP users, searching studies in Medline, Web of Science, embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EudraCT. Studies were included if they reported at least one neuropsychological measurement in users of SPs. Studies comparing SP users and non-users that reported mean scores and standard deviations were included in an exploratory meta-analysis.Results: 13 studies (N = 539) published between 1969 and 2020 were included in this systematic review. Overall, we found that only three SPs were specifically investigated: ayahuasca (6 studies, n = 343), LSD (5 studies, n = 135), and peyote (1 study, n = 61). However, heterogeneity of the methodological quality was high across studies, with matching problems representing the most important limitation. Across all SPs, no uniform pattern of neuropsychological impairment was identified. Rather, the individual SPs seemed to be associated with distinct neuropsychological profiles. For instance, one study (n = 42) found LSD users to perform worse in trials A and B of the Trail-Making task, whereas meta-analytic assessment (5 studies, n = 352) of eleven individual neuropsychological measures indicated a better performance of ayahuasca users in the Stroop incongruent task (p = 0.03) and no differences in the others (all p > 0.05).Conclusion: The majority of the included studies were not completely successful in controlling for confounders such as differences in non-psychedelic substance use between SP-users and non-users. Our analysis suggests that LSD, ayahuasca and peyote may have different neuropsychological consequences associated with their use. While LSD users showed reduced executive functioning and peyote users showed no differences across domains, there is some evidence that ayahuasca use is associated with increased executive functioning.

The current state of research on ayahuasca: A systematic review of human studies assessing psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and neuroimaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1230-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael G dos Santos ◽  
Fermanda M Balthazar ◽  
José C Bouso ◽  
Jaime EC Hallak
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

Rationale: In recent decades, the use of ayahuasca (AYA) – a β-carboline- and dimethyltryptamine-rich hallucinogenic botanical preparation traditionally used by Northwestern Amazonian tribes for ritual and therapeutic purposes – has spread from South America to Europe and the USA, raising concerns about its possible toxicity and hopes of its therapeutic potential. Thus, it is important to analyze the acute, subacute, and long-term effects of AYA to assess its safety and toxicity. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of human studies assessing AYA effects on psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and neuroimaging. Methods: Papers published until 16 December 2015 were included from PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases following a comprehensive search strategy and pre-determined set of criteria for article selection. Results: The review included 28 full-text articles. Acute AYA administration was well tolerated, increased introspection and positive mood, altered visual perceptions, activated frontal and paralimbic regions and decreased default mode network activity. It also improved planning and inhibitory control and impaired working memory, and showed antidepressive and antiaddictive potentials. Long-term AYA use was associated with increased cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate cortex and cortical thinning of the posterior cingulate cortex, which was inversely correlated to age of onset, intensity of prior AYA use, and spirituality. Subacute and long-term AYA use was not associated with increased psychopathology or cognitive deficits, being associated with enhanced mood and cognition, increased spirituality, and reduced impulsivity. Conclusions: Acute, subacute, and long-term AYA use seems to have low toxicity. Preliminary studies about potential therapeutic effects of AYA need replication due to their methodological limitations.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

Parent Education in Studies With Nonverbal and Minimally Verbal Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 890-902
Author(s):  
Lynn Kern Koegel ◽  
Katherine M. Bryan ◽  
Pumpki Lei Su ◽  
Mohini Vaidya ◽  
Stephen Camarata
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Fidelity Of Implementation ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Minimally Verbal ◽  
Parent Education Programs

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to identify parent education procedures implemented in intervention studies focused on expressive verbal communication for nonverbal (NV) or minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent education has been shown to be an essential component in the habilitation of individuals with ASD. Parents of individuals with ASD who are NV or MV may particularly benefit from parent education in order to provide opportunities for communication and to support their children across the life span. Method ProQuest databases were searched between the years of 1960 and 2018 to identify articles that targeted verbal communication in MV and NV individuals with ASD. A total of 1,231 were evaluated to assess whether parent education was implemented. We found 36 studies that included a parent education component. These were reviewed with regard to (a) the number of participants and participants' ages, (b) the parent education program provided, (c) the format of the parent education, (d) the duration of the parent education, (e) the measurement of parent education, and (f) the parent fidelity of implementation scores. Results The results of this analysis showed that very few studies have included a parent education component, descriptions of the parent education programs are unclear in most studies, and few studies have scored the parents' implementation of the intervention. Conclusions Currently, there is great variability in parent education programs in regard to participant age, hours provided, fidelity of implementation, format of parent education, and type of treatment used. Suggestions are made to provide both a more comprehensive description and consistent measurement of parent education programs.

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