scholarly journals Brain plasticity in frontal traumatic brain injury. Biomarker of severity and intervention efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1648-1649
Author(s):  
Núria Serradell-Ribé ◽  
Juan Pablo Romero Muñoz ◽  
Raquel Viejo-Sobera ◽  
Elena M. Marrón
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Intervention Efficacy

scholarly journals Prehospital Intubation and Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury—Assessing Intervention Efficacy in a Modern Trauma Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Rubenson Wahlin ◽  
David W. Nelson ◽  
Bo-Michael Bellander ◽  
Mikael Svensson ◽  
Adel Helmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intervention Efficacy

scholarly journals Translingual Neural Stimulation With the Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator (PoNS®) Induces Structural Changes Leading to Functional Recovery In Patients With Mild-To-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Neural Stimulation ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) of varying severity can result in balance and movement disorders, for which the benefits of treatment with physical therapy has limits. In this study, patients with post-TBI balance issues received translingual neural stimulation (TLNS) in concert with physical therapy and the effects on the grey matter volume (GMV) were evaluated. TBI-related balance and movement impairments were also assessed through Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) scoring. When comparing pre- and post-intervention results, the most prominent GMV changes were increases within the cerebellum, and temporal regions, which are involved in automatic processing of gait, balance, motor control, and visual-motion. Decreases of GMV in frontal, occipital lobes (involved in less automatic processing or more conscious/effortful processing of gait, balance, motor control, and vision) positively correlated to increases in SOT/DGI scores. These results indicate that TLNS can produce brain plasticity changes leading to positive changes in functional assessments. Overall, these data indicate that TLNS delivered in conjunction with physical therapy, is a safe, effective, and integrative way to treat TBI.

scholarly journals Cortical Electrical Stimulation Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Sensorimotor and Cognitive Deficits in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Wei Kuo ◽  
Ming-Yuan Chang ◽  
Hui-Hua Liu ◽  
Xiao-Kuo He ◽  
Shu-Yen Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Cognitive Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Cortical Electrical Stimulation

Objective: Individuals with different severities of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer long-lasting motor, sensory, neurological, or cognitive disturbances. To date, no neuromodulation-based therapies have been used to manage the functional deficits associated with TBI. Cortical electrical stimulation (CES) has been increasingly developed for modulating brain plasticity and is considered to have therapeutic potential in TBI. However, the therapeutic value of such a technique for TBI is still unclear. Accordingly, an animal model of this disease would be helpful for mechanistic insight into using CES as a novel treatment approach in TBI. The current study aims to apply a novel CES scheme with a theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to identify the therapeutic potential of CES in a weight drop-induced rat model of TBI.Methods: TBI rats were divided into the sham CES treatment group and CES treatment group. Following early and long-term CES intervention (starting 24 h after TBI, 1 session/day, 5 days/week) in awake TBI animals for a total of 4 weeks, the effects of CES on the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), sensorimotor and cognitive behaviors and neuroinflammatory changes were identified.Results: We found that the 4-week CES intervention significantly alleviated the TBI-induced neurological, sensorimotor, and cognitive deficits in locomotor activity, sensory and recognition memory. Immunohistochemically, we found that CES mitigated the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation in the hippocampus.Conclusion: These findings suggest that CES has significant benefits in alleviating TBI-related symptoms and represents a promising treatment for TBI.

Effects of sensory stimulation on level of consciousness in comatose patients after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Anas R. Alashram ◽  
Giuseppe Annino ◽  
Salameh Aldajah ◽  
Sakher Bani Hamad ◽  
Besan Aliswed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Treatment Dosage

BACKGROUND: A coma is a prolonged unconscious state in which there is no response to various stimuli. In response, sensory stimulation was designed to stimulate brain plasticity and to promote brain regeneration. The effects of sensory stimulation intervention on comatose patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the effects of sensory stimulation on the level of consciousness (LOC) after TBI and to identify the effective treatment dosage. METHODS: We searched PubMed, REHABDATA, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PEDro, SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception to February 2020. Experimental studies investigating the influence of sensory stimulation on the LOC in the comatose patients (Glasgow coma scale < 8) following TBI were selected. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro) was used to evaluate the methodological quality. RESULTS: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical controlled trials (CCTs) (n = 2), and pilot studies (n = 3). A total of 356 comatose patients (<8 on GCS) post-TBI were included in this study with sample sizes ranging from 5–90 patients. The sample sizes for the selected studies ranged from 5 to 90 patients. The scores on the PEDro scale ranged from three to eight, with a median score of seven. The multimodal sensory stimulation showed beneficial effects on the LOC in the comatose patients following TBI. The evidence for the effects of unimodal stimulation was limited, while the optimal treatment dosage remains unclear. CONCLUSIONS: The multimodal sensory stimulation intervention improves the LOC in patients with coma after TBI compared with unimodal stimulation. Further high-quality studies are needed to verify these findings.

scholarly journals Dietary fructose aggravates the pathobiology of traumatic brain injury by influencing energy homeostasis and plasticity

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Agrawal ◽  
Emily Noble ◽  
Laurent Vergnes ◽  
Zhe Ying ◽  
Karen Reue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
The Impact

Fructose consumption has been on the rise for the last two decades and is starting to be recognized as being responsible for metabolic diseases. Metabolic disorders pose a particular threat for brain conditions characterized by energy dysfunction, such as traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury patients experience sudden abnormalities in the control of brain metabolism and cognitive function, which may worsen the prospect of brain plasticity and function. The mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here we report that fructose consumption disrupts hippocampal energy homeostasis as evidenced by a decline in functional mitochondria bioenergetics (oxygen consumption rate and cytochrome C oxidase activity) and an aggravation of the effects of traumatic brain injury on molecular systems engaged in cell energy homeostasis (sirtuin 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha) and synaptic plasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding, synaptophysin signaling). Fructose also worsened the effects of traumatic brain injury on spatial memory, which disruption was associated with a decrease in hippocampal insulin receptor signaling. Additionally, fructose consumption and traumatic brain injury promoted plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, measured by elevated protein and phenotypic expression of 4-hydroxynonenal. These data imply that high fructose consumption exacerbates the pathology of brain trauma by further disrupting energy metabolism and brain plasticity, highlighting the impact of diet on the resilience to neurological disorders.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

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