The relationship between linear chain length distributions of amylopectin and the functional properties of the debranched starch-based films

2021 ◽  
pp. 119012
Author(s):  
Jun Tang ◽  
Feixue Zou ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The relationship between lymphangion chain length and maximum pressure generation established through in vivo imaging and computational modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (6) ◽  
pp. H1249-H1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Razavi ◽  
Tyler S. Nelson ◽  
Zhanna Nepiyushchikh ◽  
Rudolph L. Gleason ◽  
J. Brandon Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Lymphatic Pumping ◽  
The Relationship

The intrinsic contraction of collecting lymphatic vessels serves as a pumping system to propel lymph against hydrostatic pressure gradients as it returns interstitial fluid to the venous circulation. In the present study, we proposed and validated that the maximum opposing outflow pressure along a chain of lymphangions at which flow can be achieved increases with the length of chain. Using minimally invasive near-infrared imaging to measure the effective pumping pressure at various locations in the rat tail, we demonstrated increases in pumping pressure along the length of the tail. Computational simulations based on a microstructurally motivated model of a chain of lymphangions informed from biaxial testing of isolated vessels was used to provide insights into the pumping mechanisms responsible for the pressure increases observed in vivo. These models suggest that the number of lymphangions in the chain and smooth muscle cell force generation play a significant role in determining the maximum outflow pressure, whereas the frequency of contraction has no effect. In vivo administration of nitric oxide attenuated lymphatic contraction, subsequently lowering the effective pumping pressure. Computational simulations suggest that the reduction in contractile strength of smooth muscle cells in the presence of nitric oxide can account for the reductions in outflow pressure observed along the lymphangion chain in vivo. Thus, combining modeling with multiple measurements of lymphatic pumping pressure provides a method for approximating intrinsic lymphatic muscle activity noninvasively in vivo while also providing insights into factors that determine the extent that a lymphangion chain can transport fluid against an adverse pressure gradient. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we report the first minimally invasive in vivo measurements of the relationship between lymphangion chain length and lymphatic pumping pressure. We also provide the first in vivo validation of lumped parameter models of lymphangion chains previously developed through data obtained from isolated vessel testing.

Dimensional Changes in Corsican Pine Sapwood due to Chemical Modification with Linear Chain Anhydrides

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.S. Hill ◽  
D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Molar Volume ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The volumetric changes in Corsican pine sapwood due to modification with an homologous series of linear chain anhydrides has been studied. The results have been interpreted in terms of the molar volume occupied by the substituent groups in the wood cell wall. At low levels of substitution, the molar volume is larger at low weight gains. Thus if the volume increase is due to a volume occupied by the reagent molecules and a void volume created within the wood matrix, then the void volume is larger at low levels of substitution. A non-linear relationship has also been found between the void volume and volume occupied by adduct as the size of the anhydride increases. By determining the relationship between average molar volume at high weight gains and ultimate level of OH substitution, for the range of anhydrides studied, it is possible to estimate the number of accessible OH groups at 5.7 (+/− 0.4) mMoles/gm, this contrasts with a theoretically calculated value of 8.6 mMoles/gm.

On the Relationship between Productivity and Food Chain Length at Different Ecological Levels

2007 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Arim ◽  
Pablo A. Marquet ◽  
Fabian M. Jaksic
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Chain Length ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Catalytic Properties of Eight New Complexes of Metal(II) Formates or Propionates with Imidazole, Relationship between the Carbon Chain Length and Catalytic Activity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Rogalewicz ◽  
Tomasz Maniecki ◽  
Radosław Ciesielski ◽  
Agnieszka Czylkowska
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
The Relationship

In one of our previously published articles, we reported the synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, and catalytic properties of four new M(II) acetate (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) complexes with imidazole. Presented compounds exhibited activity in the reaction on catalytic oxidation of styrene. In this study we have synthesized and investigated properties of analogous compounds, however using formates or propionates of mentioned metal cations instead of acetates. Such an approach allowed us to draw valuable conclusions concerning the relationship between the carbon chain length and catalytic activity, which is an important factor for catalyst modeling. Synthesized compounds have been thoroughly investigated using appropriate analytic techniques: AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis). Catalytic properties have been studied under the same previous conditions, using GC-FID (GC-chromatograph equipped with FID detector).

scholarly journals Articulation of Facade Graphics and Techniques of its Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022016
Author(s):  
Alina Lipowicz-Budzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Implementation Techniques ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Range

Abstract The article deals with issues at the boundary of architecture and technology, related to visual articulation. The facade graphics is a relatively new phenomenon that has arisen over the last two decades. Some of the image implementation techniques it uses have been known for a long time. Some of them are derived from stained glass (e.g. the technique of manual enamel application), some are related to the already known techniques of workshop graphics (screen printing). One of the latest technological achievements is the development of digital printing technology. Each of the aforementioned techniques has specific artistic possibilities and means of expression, which influences the articulation of the image in the external partition and has a significant impact on a number of compositional aspects. The image placed in the façade supports the building's form, underlining its shape, emphasizing important places in the building. The work examines the relationship between the applied techniques of implementation and the properties of the image on glass. An important part is to determine to what extent the construction of the image and the applied plastic measures affect the visual range of the glass partition and the functional properties. Particularly interesting projects are those made with several techniques, and those in which a new technique was discovered, which is later copied in other projects. The research can make a strong case for using artistic glass in the facade of a building and provide guidance for designers and investors. The publication will present examples of implementations placed in the facade of the building. The phenomenon will be investigated on the basis of buildings constructed over the last two decades. Due to the global nature of plastic phenomena, there is no limited research territory.

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC INDICES OF SOME ANTIFUNGAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
EUGENE SEBASTIAN J. NIDIRY
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic indices (TIs) some antifungal organic compounds and to compare their safety. Methods: TIs of 55 organic compounds were evaluated by dividing their mammalian toxicity values given as median lethal doses ([mg/kg] rat, oral) collected from literature by experimentally determined fungitoxicity values evaluated as median effective concentration (EC50 [mg/L]) for the mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar medium. Results: Large variations in TIs are observed in different classes of compounds, namely, alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, esters, and aldehydes. The relationship between carbon chain length of saturated monohydric alcohols and mammalian toxicity shows that toxicity increases from chain length 1 to 5, declines from 5 to 6, increases from 6 to 7, and steadily declines from 7 to 10. Thus, the relationship is by and large parabolic. The relationship between carbon chain length and molar antifungal activity is also parabolic. In spite of this, large differences are found in TIs making 1-decanol (TI=42.1) a very safe antifungal compound and 1-pentanol (TI=0.17) a hazardous antifungal compound. This is because mammalian toxicity reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 5, while in the case of antifungal activity, it reaches a maximum around carbon chain length of 10. Conclusions: Among the 55 compounds, whose TIs were evaluated, some compounds with high TIs (>10) which can be considered safe as antifungal compounds are citronellol, geraniol, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and propionic acid. Some compounds with low TIs (<0.50) which can be considered hazardous as antifungal compounds are resorcinol, hydroquinone, oxalic acid, and acetyl acetone.

Ionic Liquids with Anti-Candida and Anticancer Dual Activity as Potential N-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041
Author(s):  
Larysa Metelytsia ◽  
Maria Trush ◽  
Ivan Semenyuta ◽  
Sergiy Rogalsky ◽  
Oleksandr Kobzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Acting Agent ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Currently, a study on the relationship between candidiasis and cancer has been conducted. Until recent years, the opportunistic fungus C. albicans is mainly associated with cancer processes and is able to stimulate carcinogenesis and metastasis. Methods: A number of ionic liquids as potential anticancer and anti-Candida agents have been investigated based on modern theoretical and experimental data about the relationship between oncopathology and candida infection. Results: The analysis of the received experimental results demonstrates that ionic liquid with alkyl chain length of 6 carbon atoms (C6) has not shown anti-Candida activity. The indicators of its cytotoxicity ІС50 (28,617μМ) and MTC (9,050 μМ) against HEP-2 tumor cell line were also very low. Compounds with alkyl chain length C12 have shown high potential of anti-Candida activity and anticancer properties. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, сompound 4 (C12C1IM-Cl) is proposed for further study as a potential double-acting agent with high anticancer and anti-Candida activities. N-myristoyltransferase is presented and used for docking as a potential molecular target responsible for the dual anti-Сandidа and anticancer activities of studied ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Synthese von seitenkettenmodifizierten Analogen des Allergens Primin / Synthesis of Side-Chain-Modified Analogues of the Allergen Primin

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried A. König. ◽  
Holger Faasch ◽  
Holger Heitsch ◽  
Cornelia Colberg ◽  
Björn M. Hausen
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
The Relationship

Benzoquinones such as primin (2-methoxy-6-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone) from Primula obconica HANCE (Primulaceae) are known to be strong sensitizers and thus the source of severe allergic contact dermatitis (cell-mediated type of allergy). In order to determine the relationship between sensitizing capacity and chemical structure the synthesis of 19 side-chain-modified analogues of primin was carried out. With each of these primin derivatives 10 guinea pigs were sensitized using a modified FCA-method (FCA = Freund’s complete adjuvant). Elicitation was done open epicutaneously with 0.001 molar concentrations. In these sensitization experiments 2-methoxy-6-alkyl-1,4-benzoquinones (chain length C1-C15) showed ascending sensitizing potency with increasing number of the side chain carbon atoms reaching maximum activity at an alkyl chain of 10 to 11 carbons. Beyond this point a decrease of the sensitizing potency in correlation with a further prolongation of the side chain was observed.

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