Current Status of Breast Ultrasound

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Kornecki
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Tumour Extension ◽  
The Status ◽  
High Risk Populations

Ultrasound (US) has a significant role in diagnostic breast imaging. It is most commonly used as an adjunctive test in characterizing lesions detected by other imaging modalities or by clinical examination. US is recognized as the modality of choice in the evaluation of women who are symptomatic and younger than 30 years of age, pregnant, or lactating. Combined mammography and US appear to have a role in screening high-risk populations. The use of standard Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System US lexicon is helpful in guiding the differentiation between benign and malignant sonographic signs. Biopsy is warranted when benign features are absent or for any feature consistent with malignancy, despite other benign findings. Whole breast and axillary US are useful in assessing tumour extension, multifocality, and the status of axillary lymph nodes. US is the modality of choice for guiding interventional breast procedures. The role of US as a guidance tool for nonoperative breast treatment is being investigated.

scholarly journals Consensus Meeting of Breast Imaging: BI-RADS® and Beyond

Breast Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Markus Müller-Schimpfle ◽  
Werner Bader ◽  
Pascal Baltzer ◽  
Maria Bernathova ◽  
Michael Fuchsjäger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Consensus Meeting ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Mr Mammography ◽  
Introductory Statement ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Consensus Statements

Organizers of medical educational courses are often confronted with questions that are clinically relevant yet trespassing the frontiers of scientifically proven, evidence-based medicine at the point of care. Therefore, since 2007 organizers of breast teaching courses in German language met biannually to find a consensus in clinically relevant questions that have not been definitely answered by science. The questions were prepared during the 3 months before the meeting according to a structured process and finally agreed upon the day before the consensus meeting. At the consensus meeting, the open questions concerning 2D/3D mammography, breast ultrasound, MR mammography, interventions as well as risk-based imaging of the breast were presented first for electronic anonymized voting, and then the results of the audience were separately displayed from the expert votes. Thereafter, an introductory statement of the moderator was followed by pros/cons of two experts, and subsequently the final voting was performed. With ≥75% of votes of the expert panel, an answer qualified as a consensus statement. Seventeen consensus statements were gained, addressing for instance the use of 2D/3D mammography, breast ultrasound in screening, MR mammography in women with intermediate breast cancer risk, markers for localization of pathologic axillary lymph nodes, and standards in risk-based imaging of the breast. After the evaluation, comments from the experts on each field were gathered supplementarily. Methodology, transparency, and soundness of statements achieve a unique yield for all course organizers and provide solid pathways for decision making in breast imaging.

ULTRASOUND AS PRIME MODALITY OF CHOICE FOR EVALUATION OF BREAST LESIONS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Snehal Santosh Rathi ◽  
Sonali Mhaske Kadam
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Nipple Discharge ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
High Frequency Probe

INTRODUCTION: The four main roles of ultrasound in Breast imaging are-primary screening, supplemental screening, diagnosis and Interventional procedures. Palpable masses, abnormal nipple discharge and mammographic abnormalities constitute the most common indication for targeted Breast Ultrasound. AIM: To study the role of Ultrasound in evaluating Breast lesions and characterising them as Benign or Malignant. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This is a Retrospective analysis conducted in Department of Radiology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Kamothey, Navi Mumbai from February 2021 to June 2021. A total of 136 patients with signs and symptoms related to breast lesions were screened. CONCLUSION: The advent of high frequency probe, easy accessibility, cost effectiveness, reliability and relatively easy to perform makes ultrasound as the prime modality of choice for screening breast lesions.

scholarly journals ROLE OF POST MASTECTOMY RADIOTHERAPY (PMRT) IN T1,T2 LESIONS WITH 1-3 POSITIVE AXILLARY LYMPH NODES

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. vi102
Author(s):  
Manish A. Sadhwani ◽  
Nikhil B. Garg ◽  
Rajen A. Tankshali ◽  
Shashank J. Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
T2 Lesions

The Status, Development and Future Role of Radiobeacon Differential GNSS

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Differential Corrections ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Marine radiobeacons have been used to broadcast differential corrections for global navigation satellite systems (DGNSS) for nearly a decade. The method has become the accepted international standard for maritime applications. The background to the development of the system is described and the current status of radiobeacon DGNSS services around the world reported. The applications are discussed, including the function of radiobeacon DGNSS as the position sensor within integrated systems, together with the performance requirements imposed by associated systems such as ECDIS and Automatic Identification Systems. The advantages and disadvantages of the radiobeacon system in regulatory, administrative and technical terms are discussed and the potential for development of the system is considered. The future role of radiobeacon DGNSS in the overall mix of systems is assessed taking into account the introduction of geo-stationary overlays, and possibly Loran-C, for provision of DGNSS corrections.

Role of Contrast-Enhanced Sonography in the Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Carcinoma: A Monocentric Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Agliata ◽  
Gianluca Valeri ◽  
Giulio Argalia ◽  
Elisa Tarabelli ◽  
Gian Marco Giuseppetti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil with and without doxorubicin in the adjuvant treatment of resectable breast cancer with one to three positive axillary nodes.

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Moliterni ◽  
G Bonadonna ◽  
P Valagussa ◽  
L Ferrari ◽  
M Zambetti
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Study ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Face ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Drug Treatments

In the attempt to improve current adjuvant results in patients with one to three positive axillary lymph nodes, in November 1981 we activated a prospective randomized study to assess the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) for 12 courses versus CMF for eight courses followed by Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Farmitalia Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) for four courses. The 5-year results were evaluated in a total of 486 patients entered into the study up to December 1987. CMF chemotherapy was delivered IV for a total of 12 courses when given alone and for eight courses when followed by four courses of Adriamycin. All drugs were recycled every 3 weeks. Rather than temporarily reducing doses, drug administration was delayed for 1 to 2 weeks in the face of myelosuppression on the planned day of treatment. After a median follow-up of 61 months, no significant differences were evident between the treatment groups in terms of relapse-free (CMF 74% v CMF followed by Adriamycin 72%) and total survival (CMF 89% v CMF followed by Adriamycin 86%). Drug treatments were fairly well tolerated and devoid of life-threatening toxicity. Present results, which were not influenced by menopausal status, indicate that Adriamycin given after CMF failed to improve treatment outcome over CMF alone. However, the role of Adriamycin in an adjuvant setting remains to be further clarified. Considering the good 5-year results achieved in this study at the expense of minimal toxicity, full-dose CMF remains, at present, the adjuvant chemotherapy of choice for patients with one to three positive nodes.

Radiation therapy and survival in breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive axillary lymph nodes treated with mastectomy.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Diab ◽  
S G Hilsenbeck ◽  
C de Moor ◽  
G M Clark ◽  
C K Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Distant Failure ◽  
Regional Failure

PURPOSE Adjuvant loco-regional radiation (XRT) frequently is recommended after mastectomy and adjuvant systemic therapy in patients with 10 or more positive axillary lymph nodes (ALN) to reduce the high loco-regional failure rate observed in this subset. In this study, we explored the possibility that adjuvant loco-regional radiation therapy (LR-XRT) also could decrease distant failure and improve overall survival (OS) in this subset of poor-prognosis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospectively, 618 breast patients with 10 or more positive ALN were studied. The median follow-up time was 7.5 years. All patients received systemic adjuvant therapy and 35% also received adjuvant radiation therapy. Loco-regional failure, distant failure, and OS analyses were adjusted for age, tumor size, number of positive ALN, and estrogen receptor (ER) status using Cox regression model. RESULTS As expected, patients had a very high risk of loco-regional and distant failure. At 5 years, 30% of patients had loco-regional failure as a first event and 54% had distant failure. Radiation dramatically reduced loco-regional failure (hazards rate ratios [RR]=0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.45). The adjusted 5-year loco-regional failure rate was 13% with radiation and 38% without radiation (P=.0001). Radiation also was associated with improved distant control (RR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.96). The adjusted 5-year distant failure rate was 48% with radiation and 58% without radiation (P=.02). OS also improved with radiation (RR=0.68; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.85). The adjusted 5-year OS was 56% with radiation and 42% without radiation (P=.001). CONCLUSION In this cohort of high-risk breast cancer patients, XRT was associated with less loco-regional and distant failure and improved OS. This suggests that improved loco-regional control might decrease secondary systemic spread and improve survival.

Predicting the status of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer: A multiparameter approach including axillary ultrasound scanning

The Breast ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Susini ◽  
Jacopo Nori ◽  
Simone Olivieri ◽  
Cecilia Molino ◽  
Giulia Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Axillary Ultrasound ◽  
The Status

Retrospective analysis of WSG AM01 tandem high dose chemotherapy trial in high risk primary breast cancer: A hypothesis generating study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 665-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. A. Nitz ◽  
O. Gluz ◽  
A. Herr ◽  
E. Ting ◽  
S. Mohrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Manhattan Distance ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Conventional Ct

665 Background: The WSG AM 01 trial is the first one to report superiority of HDC in terms of DFS and OS in patients with >9 positive axillary lymph nodes. Retrospectively we tried to identify patient subgroups with maximum benefit from HDC. Methods: 403 patients were randomized to tandem HDC or to dose-dense conventional chemotherapy (DD). 236 tumors were available for central pathologic review (117/119). A panel of 34 markers were determined by IHC in TMA. Kaplan-Meier, Log rank and Cox proportional hazard models were used for uni- and multivariate analysis. We choose K-means clustering with K=5 and using Manhattan distance as similarity measure. Results: Pts: n=236 (HDC/DD): mean age 47.3/47.4 yrs, mean tumor sizes 3.5/3.4cm, mean positive lymph nodes 17.2/17.0, HR+ 55%/53%, G3 44%/35%. HDC was superior to DD (p=0.02). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation for grading, tumor size, PR+. HR > 2 were reported for the following markers: Her2neu+, p53+, bcl2−, Ck 5/6 and 17+, Ck8−, c-kit+, vimentin+, ETR 1/2, BCRP+. Triple negative tumors (TN) (31%) had a large benefit from HDC (HR DD vs. HD: 3.06, 95%CI:1.41–6.06). Groups identified by K-means clustering could be attributed to luminal-A-(31%), luminal-B-(27%), her2-(11%), basal like-(11%) type and a so far undefined proliferative group (20%) characterized mainly by the absence of specifying markers. Interestingly, the proportion of the above mentioned molecular subtypes within of high risk populations very similar to those reported for less selected populations. Her2, basal-like and the undefined proliferative group had significantly worse outcome when compared to luminal tumors (p<0.01). Very poor prognosis if treated by conventional CT was observed in basal like (HR DD vs HD=2.66 95%CI: 0.9–7.9) und the undefined group (HR=1,72, 95%CI:0.92–3.21), where most of the TN tumors were found. Conclusions: Tandem HDC is superior to DD conventional CT for treatment of HRBC. The largest benefit from high dose chemotherapy was reported for younger patients with TN poor differentiated tumors, >2cm. Negative hormone receptor status, p53+, bcl2−, MIB/p16+ and BCRP+ predicted benefit from dose intensification. Subgroups are small and may help to generate further hypothesises. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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