Investigating within-day and longitudinal effects of maternal stress on children's physical activity, dietary intake, and body composition: Protocol for the MATCH study

Measures of body fat and lean mass may better predict important clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than body mass index (BMI). Little is known about how diet quality and exercise may impact body composition in these patients. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, 24-h dietary recall, and physical activity were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of 38 adolescents and adults with CF and 19 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Compared with the healthy volunteers, participants with CF had a lower appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), despite no observed difference in BMI, and their diets consisted of higher glycemic index foods with a greater proportion of calories from fat and a lower proportion of calories from protein. In participants with CF, pulmonary function positively correlated with measures of lean mass, particularly ALMI, and negatively correlated with multiple measures of body fat after controlling for age, gender, and BMI. Higher physical activity levels were associated with greater ALMI and lower body fat. In conclusion, body composition measures, particularly ALMI, may better predict key clinical outcomes in individuals with CF than BMI. Future longitudinal studies analyzing the effect of dietary intake and exercise on body composition and CF-specific clinical outcomes are needed.

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Body composition, dietary intake and physical activity of young survivors of childhood cancer

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 842-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alexia J. Murphy-Alford ◽

Melinda White ◽

Liane Lockwood ◽

Andrew Hallahan ◽

Peter S.W. Davies

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Young Survivors ◽

Survivors Of Childhood Cancer

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Dietary intake, body composition, and physical activity among young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2014-0334 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (7-8) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Constanza Mosso ◽

Victoria Halabi ◽

Tamara Ortiz ◽

Maria Isabel Hodgson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Fat ◽

Activity Level ◽

The Mean

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess dietary intake, nutritional status, body composition, and physical activity level in a group of Chilean children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), compare these parameters with the recommendations of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), and determine the relationships between dietary intake, body composition, and diabetes control.A total of 30 patients with T1DM (aged 15.2±4.0 years) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 92-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Physical activity was assessed by means of a survey.The energy intake of these patients was derived from 21.4% protein, 48% carbohydrates, and 31.2% fat. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly correlated with fat as grams per day (r: 0.363, p<0.05) and calories per day (r: 0.364, p<0.05). The mean body fat percentage in females was 31.2% and 20.2% in males (p < 0.01) and the mean amount of physical activity was 4.5±2.7 h per week.The study patients had a higher protein intake than recommended by ISPAD. Dietary carbohydrate intake was rather low, and dietary fat intake was the same as the limits recommended by ISPAD. Diabetic control was significantly correlated with protein, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium intake. The girls in the study had a higher percentage of body fat than the standard recommendations for their age. The level of physical activity was adequate.

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Sports Participation outside School in Total Physical Activity of Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.105.2.559-562 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 559-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Meeli Saar ◽

Toivo Jürimäe

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Activity Index ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Total Physical Activity ◽

Motor Abilities ◽

Endurance Strength ◽

Physical Activity Index ◽

Children’S Physical Activity ◽

Shuttle Run

This study of associations of sports participation with perceived and actual physical fitness, and total physical activity for 525 10- to 17-yr.-old boys and girls in groups of 10–11-yr. (56 boys and 64 girls), 12–13-yr. (68 boys and 68 girls), 14–15-yr. (70 boys and 71 girls), and 16–17-yr. (68 boys and 60 girls) was based on the Physical Activity Index derived from a questionnaire by Telama, Leskinen, and Young, and self-perceived endurance, strength, flexibility, and body composition. Questions about satisfaction with physical activity, participation in organized physical activity and competitions, or watching competitions were asked. Two EUROFIT tests were used, the 20-m endurance shuttle-run and sit-and-reach, plus the sum of 9 skinfold thicknesses. Children who participated in organized physical activity and in competitions had a higher Physical Activity Index. Passive watching of competitions was not related to children's physical activity or their perceived or measured motor abilities.

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Energy intake, physical activity and body weight: a simulation model

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950037 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 337-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

Klaas R. Westerterp ◽

Jeroen H. H. L. M. Donkers ◽

Elisabeth W. H. M. Fredrix ◽

Piet oekhoudt

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Relative Size ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass

In adults, body mass (BM) and its components fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are normally regulated at a constant level. Changes in FM and FFM are dependent on energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). The body defends itself against an imbalance between EI and EE by adjusting, within limits, the one to the other. When, at a given EI or EE, energy balance cannot be reached, FM and FFM will change, eventually resulting in an energy balance at a new value. A model is described which simulates changes in FM and FFM using EI and physical activity (PA) as input variables. EI can be set at a chosen value or calculated from dietary intake with a database on the net energy of foods. PA can be set at a chosen multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) or calculated from the activity budget with a database on the energy cost of activities in multiples of BMR. BMR is calculated from FFM and FM and, if necessary, FFM is calculated from BM, height, sex and age, using empirical equations. The model uses existing knowledge on the adaptation of energy expenditure (EE) to an imbalance between EI and EE, and to resulting changes in FM and FFM. Mobilization and storage of energy as FM and FFM are functions of the relative size of the deficit (EI/EE) and of the body composition. The model was validated with three recent studies measuring EE at a fixed EI during an interval with energy restriction, overfeeding and exercise training respectively. Discrepancies between observed and simulated changes in energy stores were within the measurement precision of EI, EE and body composition. Thus the consequences of a change in dietary intake or a change in physical activity on body weight and body composition can be simulated.

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Effects of Exergaming Based Exercise on Urban Children’s Physical Activity Participation and Body Composition

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2012-0228 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 992-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Zan Gao ◽

Ping Xiang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Physical Activity Participation ◽

Activity Participation ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

The Impact ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

Background:Exergaming has been considered a fun solution to promoting a physically active lifestyle. This study examined the impact of an exergaming-based program on urban children’s physical activity participation, body composition and perceptions of the program.Methods:A sample of 185 children’s physical activity was measured in August 2009 (pretest), and percent body fat was used as index of body composition. Fourth graders were assigned to intervention group engaging in 30 minutes exergaming-based activities 3 times per week, while third and fifth graders were in comparison group. Measurements were repeated 9 months later (posttest). Interviews were conducted among 12 intervention children.Results:ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant main effect for intervention, F(1, 179) = 10.69, P < .01. Specifically, intervention children had significantly greater increased physical activity levels than comparison children. Logistic regression for body composition indicated intervention children did not differ significantly in percent body fat change from comparison children, Chi square = 5.42, P = .14. Children interviewed reported positive attitudes toward the intervention.Conclusions:The implementation of exergaming-based program could have a significantly positive effect on children’s physical activity participation and attitudes. Meanwhile, long-term effect of the program on children’s body composition deserves further investigation.

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The Effects of Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity on Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound in Spanish Young Adults

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800416634884 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 439-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

María Correa-Rodríguez ◽

Jacqueline Schmidt Rio-Valle ◽

Emilio González-Jiménez ◽

Blanca Rueda-Medina

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Quantitative Ultrasound ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽

Modifiable Factors

Identifying modifiable factors that influence bone gain during early adulthood in order to maximize peak bone mass (PBM) is a potential primary strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. The present study examined the relationships between body composition, dietary intake and physical activity (PA), and bone health measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the right calcaneus. The study population consisted of 781 Spanish men and women (age 19.1 ± 3.6). Body composition, dietary intake, PA, and bone strength were assessed. Calcaneus QUS was significantly correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, lean mass, fat mass, protein intake, and moderate and high PA. No significant correlation between calcium intake and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz) was detected. Linear regression analyses revealed that independent variables accounted for 18.8% of the total variance of calcaneus BUA ( p = .000). Lean mass and high PA were significant predictors of BUA variance in young adults ( p = .000 and p = .045, respectively). Results indicate that lifestyle choices and their consequences during early adulthood could influence bone mass, particularly PA and lean mass. Furthermore, this study provides novel data about bone mass as indicated by the QUS measurements at the time of PBM acquisition.

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Profiling of Physical Activity, Health Fitness (VO2max), Body Composition, and Dietary Intake among Malaysian University Students: A Case Study

International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences ◽

10.13189/saj.2020.080613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 413-420

Author(s):

Razak M. R. A. ◽

Ismail E. ◽

Bakar A. Y. A.

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

University Students ◽

Dietary Intake

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Prospective Longitudinal Study Evaluating Comprehensive Metabolic and Life Style Characteristics of Pancreas Transplantation Recipients

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A461-A461

Author(s):

Ravinder Jeet Kaur ◽

Shafaq R Rizvi ◽

Corey Reid ◽

Shelly K McCrady-Spitzer ◽

Patrick Dean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Glucose Control ◽

Pancreas Transplantation ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Graft Function ◽

Target Range ◽

C Peptide ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction: Pancreas Transplantation (PT) improves quality of life in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients but limited longitudinal data are available regarding comprehensive metabolic assessment and lifestyle. Our objective was to comprehensively assess T1D patients who underwent PT (PTA and SPK) ≥ 1 year prior on two separate visits 1 year apart. Methodology: We studied 12 PT recipients ≥1 year post PT. Two assessments 1 year apart included comprehensive assessment of graft function using standard mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT), Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) for 1 week, body composition using DEXA scan, physical activity using ActiGraph for 1 week and dietary assessment by VIOCARE®. Results: PT recipients (9F) were 55.5± 9.7 years old, 91.7 % Caucasian with 34.9 ± 12.3 years of diabetes, 6.7 ± 5.2 years (range-1.3–17.6 years) after PT. Ten participants underwent Pancreas Transplantation alone and two received Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney transplantation. Visit 1(V1) showed HbA1c 5.5 ± 0.7%, Fructosamine 238.4 ± 25.6 mcmol/L, BMI 31.2 ± 6.7 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 95.2 ± 19.4mg/dL and C-peptide 2.6 ± 1.0 ng/ml and visit 2 (V2) HbA1c 5.5 ± 0.6%, Fructosamine 244.4 ± 41.3 mcmol/L, BMI 29.9 ± 5.1kg/m2, FPG 95.4 ± 27.7mg/dL, and C-peptide 2.5 ± 0.8 ng/ml (p-value not significant). One week CGM (n=9) showed excellent glucose control at both visits with mean glucose 117.8 ± 7.0 vs.112 ± 6.2 mg/dl and 96.3 ± 3.6 vs. 96.9±2.8 % time in target range (70-180mg/dl). Time >180mg/dl and >250mg/dl were 2.7 ± 3.0 vs. 1.3±1.7 % (p=0.0413) and 0.2 ± 0.6 vs. 0.1 ± 0.1 % respectively. Mild CGM hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dl) was observed during both visits (1.0 ± 1.0 vs. 1.7± 2 %). CV was 21.1 ± 5.5 and 20.1 ± 4.8 %. Eight recipients underwent MMTT and showed excellent response to Boost® with no significant difference between visits with exception of insulin concentrations at 60 mins (increased from V1) and 90 mins (decreased from V1) (p=0.0424 and 0.0235). DEXA (n=10) revealed similar total % mean fat, and fat distribution in arms, legs and trunk. ActiGraph (n=10) showed similar physical activity during both visits with 16761 ± 5176 and 14499 ± 4192 average steps/day respectively. Mean MET score was 1.6 ± 0.4 and 1.6 ± 0.2 indicating light intensity activity during both periods. Total mean sedentary bouts increased over 1 year (49.6 ± 39.1 vs. 60.8 ± 43.7, p=0.0038). Dietary assessment in 11 recipients showed no significant difference in dietary intake with calories intake 1.3± 0.4 vs. 1.2±0.5 daily Harris-Benedict and macronutrient intake with fat of 36.7 ± 4.3 % and 36.5 ± 5.7 %, CHO of 45.7 ± 5.5 % and 45.7 ± 5.5 % and Omega-3 of 0.1 ± 0.1 g and 0.05 ± 0.1 g respectively. Conclusion: PT recipients have excellent glucose control and pancreas graft function 1 or more years after PT when assessed over successive 2 years with suboptimal body composition and dietary intake and above average physical activity.

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