Membrane distillation pilot plant trials with pharmaceutical residues and energy demand analysis

Harvesting at high temperatures and bulk transport can negatively influence the quality of olives and lead to undesirable alterations in the extracted oil. Cooling the fruit in the field would be the most logical solution, but it means that the olives arrive too cold at the mill for immediate processing. In this work, the use of warm water in the washing tub to warm up the fruit before grinding instead of flash heat treatment on the paste was assessed in two experiments. In the first one, at the laboratory level, the temperature after milling was determined in three olive cultivars, previously stored at 5 or 10 °C, and then submerged at different water temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C) for 15, 30, 45, and 60 s. In the second one, two batches of olives were cooled in the field at 5 °C and then conditioned with washing water to obtain a paste at the entrance of the pilot plant malaxer at 27 °C. The temperature of the olives was measured at five points from the discharging up to their entering, as paste, into the malaxer. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the method as the temperature of the ground olives was kept at the desired temperature (28 ± 1 °C). The trials highlight the potential for automating an even more precise adjustment of the temperature of the olives before milling once the washing tub is equipped with a safe heating system.

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Membrane Distillation for the Production of Pharmaceutical-Grade Water—Investigation into the Application of AGMD and VMD

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6058

Author(s):

Cornelius Nellessen ◽

Thomas Klein ◽

Hans-Jürgen Rapp ◽

Frank Rögener

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Tap Water ◽

Membrane Distillation ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Optimum Process ◽

The European Union ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Multi Stage ◽

One Step ◽

Selection Of

The production of pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates and final products strongly depends on the utilization of water. Water is also required for the purification and preparation of reagents. Each specific application determines the respective water quality. In the European Union, the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) contains the official standards that assure quality control of pharmaceutical products during their life cycle. According to this, the production of water for pharmaceutical use is mainly based on multi-stage distillation and membrane processes, especially, reverse osmosis. Membrane distillation (MD) could be an alternative process to these classical methods. It offers advantages in terms of energy demand and a compact apparatus design. In the following study, the preparation of pharmaceutical-grade water from tap water in a one-step process using MD is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the performance of two different module designs and on the selection of optimum process parameters.

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Energy Demand Analysis

Energy Economics ◽

10.1007/978-1-4471-7468-4_3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 41-82

Author(s):

Subhes C. Bhattacharyya

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Demand Analysis

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ENERGY DEMAND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING

Energy Analysis and Policy ◽

10.1016/b978-0-408-05634-2.50018-3 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 151-185

Author(s):

Mohan Munasinghe

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Demand Analysis

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Energy Demand Analysis in the Workshop on Alternative Energy Strategies: Summary

International Comparisons of Energy Consumption ◽

10.4324/9781315659602-24 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 135-138

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Demand Analysis ◽

Energy Strategies

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Evaluation of Nanofiltration for the Recovery of Brine from Sugar Liquor Decolourising Resin Regeneration Waste

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0260 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 339-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. M. Meadows ◽

S. Wadley ◽

C. A. Buckley

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Ion Exchange Resin ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Regeneration System ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Pilot Plant Scale ◽

Plant Trials ◽

Resin Regeneration

The recovery of brine from the regeneration effluent from cane sugar Liquor decolourising ion exchange resin by means of nano filtration has been investigated on a Laboratory and pilot plant scale. This effluent is produced at 80°C and contains up to 110 g/ℓ of sodium chloride and up to 6 g/ℓ (as total carbon) of organic matter. The SelRO MPT-30 membrane was selected for the pilot plant trials, which were carried out at 3 MPa and 45 °C or 60 °C. Point retention values ranged from (-2) to 15 % for sodium chloride and from 71 to 93 % for total carbon. Final water recoveries between 69 and 83 % were investigated. The sodium chloride recovery ranged from 64 to 81 % and the total carbon removal ranged from 79 to 89 %. Based on experiments using the salt-rich fraction of the effluent and a water balance over the regeneration system, it was calculated that a 30 % reduction in effluent volume and a 60 % reduction in salt consumption could be achieved. In the tests carried out so far, the use of the recovered brine in the regeneration of pilot resin columns did not lower the decolourising capacity of the resin.

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Study of a Heat Pump for Simultaneous Cooling and Desalination

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.152 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 819 ◽

pp. 152-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul Byrne ◽

Yacine Ait Oumeziane ◽

Laurent Serres ◽

Thierry Mare

Keyword(s):

Heat Pump ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Coupled System ◽

Data File ◽

Cooling Capacity ◽

Membrane Distillation ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Weather Data ◽

Air Gap Membrane Distillation

Access to freshwater and energy resource management are two of the major concerns of the next decades. The global warming indicator, the decrease of rainfalls and the growing energy demand for cooling are correlated in the most populated agglomerations of the world. For industrial and social purposes, it seems vital to develop energy efficient systems for cooling and desalination. A heat pump can produce energy for space cooling and heat for desalination. Among the different desalination systems available, membrane distillation seems the most suitable solution to the condensing temperature level of a standard heat pump.This article presents the development of a model of heat pump for simultaneous cooling and desalination by air-gap membrane distillation. The model was first developed using EES software and validated with experimental results from our laboratory and from the literature. The desalination unit was then optimised by numerical means in terms of dimensions and operating conditions using a bi-dimensional model with Matlab. A coupled system with a heat pump was finally simulated. The objective is to estimate the freshwater production depending on the cooling loads of a refrigerator placed in a building submitted to the conditions given by a weather data file in the Trnsys environment. The energy consumptions are compared to those of a standard reverse osmosis plant producing the same amount of freshwater associated to a chiller of same cooling capacity as the heat pump. The results show that the heat pump for simultaneous cooling and desalination offers interesting perspectives.

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