Chitosan/oleamide nanofluid as a significant medium for enhancing gas utilization efficiency in C1-gas microbial biotransformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 133846
Author(s):  
Eungsu Kang ◽  
Eunjoo Moon ◽  
Wooho Song ◽  
Lyul Ho Kim ◽  
Ji Sung Hyung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Gas Utilization

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model Combined with Radar Data for Bell-Less Charging of a Blast Furnace

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Han Wei ◽  
Yao Ge ◽  
Guocai Xiao ◽  
Yaowei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Burden Distribution ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Charging directly affects the burden distribution of a blast furnace, which determines the gas distribution in the shaft of the furnace. Adjusting the charging can improve the distribution of the gas flow, increase the gas utilization efficiency of the furnace, reduce energy consumption, and prolong the life of the blast furnace. In this paper, a mathematical model of blast furnace charging was developed and applied on a steel plant in China, which includes the display of the burden profile, burden layers, descent speed of the layers, and ore/coke ratio. Furthermore, the mathematical model is developed to combine the radar data of the burden profile. The above model is currently used in Nanjing Steel as a reference for operators to adjust the charging. The model is being tested with a radar system on the blast furnace.

Analysis of Gas Utilization Efficiency in Injection Refining Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ting An Zhang ◽  
Sano Masamichi ◽  
Ji Cheng He
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Practical Situation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Gas Utilization

According to practical situation of Mg-based desulphurization, this paper has defined the formula of bubble effectiveness with low ratio of height to diameter, and derived the theoretical formula of the bubble utilization rate relating to gas flow rate, bubble diameter and mass transfer coefficient. When the absorption rate is treated as first order reaction, the theoretical formula is presented which includes physical conditions, equipment conditions and operating conditions. It indirectly reflects the three conditions on the effective of bubble utilization rate. The calculation formula of bubble utilization rate at different sizes and different residence time distribution is derived.

a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H Alloys Fabricated Close to Powder Regime of RF PECVD

1997 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Middya ◽  
Suktihazra ◽  
Swati Ray ◽  
C. Longeaud ◽  
J. P. Kleider
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Pressure Regime ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTWe have been observing that a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H films deposited under high chamber pressure or close to powder regime (500 to 2000 mT for a-Si:H and 200 to 1000 mT for a-SiGe:H) show many new features : the mobility lifetime product is 10 to 100 times higher and the density of states above Fermi level of a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H ([Ge] < 0.20) is lower than that of standard samples. This enhancement in photoconductivity can neither be attributed to autodoping nor to creation of sensitization centers in the samples. Hydrogen bonding of these films, is mostly monohydride and the density of microstructural (polyhydrides and microvoids) defects is low. Evidence for the presence of nanocrystals is noted. Though the films seems amorphous by all conventional techniques, they crystallize easily under low laser intensity. Kinetics of light induced degradation is very fast (less than 20 hrs), for a-Si:H and the value of photoconductivity in the light soaked state is comparable to that of the standard samples in the annealed state. The process gas utilization efficiency in this regime is also higher than in the low power and pressure regime.

Hyrogenated Amorphous Silicon with High Growth Rate, Gas Utilization and Homogeneous Deposition by Amplitude Modulated Vhf-Pecvd for Solar Cell Application

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K Rath ◽  
A.C.W. Biebericher ◽  
R. Jimenez Zambrano ◽  
R.E.I. Schropp ◽  
W. F. van der Weg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Radio Frequency Excitation ◽  
Frequency Excitation

AbstractHydrogenated amorphous silicon samples have been deposited by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (VHF PECVD), using a square-wave amplitudemodulated radio-frequency excitation. It is observed that the gas-utilization efficiency improves by a considerable amount when amplitude modulation is combined with a reduction in the gas flows. Using a conventional continuous wave (cw) 50 MHz plasma with SiH4 and H2 gas flows of 30 sccm each at a pressure of 0.2 mbar, the gas-utilization efficiency is about 8%. It increases up to 50%, by modulating the amplitude of the radio-frequency excitation signal and reducing both gas flows to 10 sccm, keeping the pressure constant. In this case, the deposition rate amounted to 0.55 nm/s; which is twice as large as compared to the deposition rate of a cw deposition. Device-quality opto-electronic properties are obtained under these conditions. The refractive index at 2 eV is about 4.25 and the microstructure parameter has a value around 0.02. The materials exhibited a low defect density (CPM) which is in the order of 3-8x1015 per cubic centimeter and photo-to-dark-conductivity ratio of 4-6x106. N-i-p solar cells of size 0.16 cm2 deposited on 10cmx10cm stainless steel (SS) substrate in the configuration SS/n-a-Si:H/i-a- Si:H/buffer/p-μc-Si/ITO/Ag grid (without back reflector) using amorphous silicon i-layer made by amplitude-modulated VHF plasma CVD showed an efficiency of 6.5%. This is a similar efficiency to the cell with standard device-quality cw a-Si:H in the same n-i-p structure, but at a high growth of 0.55 nm/s and gas utilization of ∼50%.

High Deposition Rate Amorphous Silicon Alloy Xerographic Photoreceptor

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Hudgens ◽  
A.G. Johncock
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silicon Alloy ◽  
Gas Utilization

AbstractA new multilayer amorphous silicon alloy photoreceptor has been deposited at rates exceeding 36 µm/hr. using 2.45 GHz microwave glow discharge. The device whose structure is Al/a-Si:H:F (B-300)/a-Si:H:F (B-10)/a-Si:H:F:C is deposited in a powderless plasma deposition process which exhibits gas utilization efficiency approaching 100%. The xerographic performance of a 28µm device is: Vsat∼1100 V for a +7 KV corona; dark half decay time ≃5 sec; and photosensitivity ∼0.3 µJ/cm2 at λ = 650 nm. Stable, high quality xerographic images are obtained with these photoreceptors.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Coke Reactivity and Iron Ore Reducibility on the Gas Utilization Efficiency of Blast Furnace

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5062
Author(s):  
Fanchao Meng ◽  
Lei Shao ◽  
Zongshu Zou
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Coke Reactivity ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Solution Loss Reaction ◽  
Reduction Region

The use of coke with high reactivity in the ironmaking blast furnace (BF) has yet to be explored, and a thorough understanding is still required to clarify the effect of coke reactivity on the BF gas utilization efficiency. In this paper, a one-dimensional kinetic model of the BF is presented and the accuracy of the model is verified. The model is then applied to analyze the effect of coke reactivity on the gas utilization efficiency of the BF. The results show that, under the operating conditions considered, the height of indirect reduction region and the starting temperature of coke solution loss reaction decrease with the increase of coke reactivity. Moreover, coke reactivity is first, directly proportional to gas utilization efficiency, and then, inversely proportional to it. In addition, high-reactivity coke may not improve gas utilization efficiency in case of high H2 content. Both, lowly and highly reactive coke need to be combined with highly reducible iron ore to maximize the gas utilization efficiency. Nevertheless, only appropriately reactive coke can combine with lowly reducible iron ore to obtain an optimal gas utilization efficiency. Hence, it is necessary to select coke with appropriate reactivity, in accordance with iron-ore reducibility, instead of blindly pursuing high-reactivity coke in actual operation.

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